Cheerleading Midterm Handout PDF

Lesson 1: CHEERLEADING - History of Cheerleading CHEERDANCE = is coined from the words, CHEER and DANCE. - To cheer is to shout out words or phrases that mayhelp motivate and boost the morale of a playing teamand perform better during a game. - Dance on the other hand, is a physical a...

Lesson 1: CHEERLEADING - History of Cheerleading CHEERDANCE = is coined from the words, CHEER and DANCE. - To cheer is to shout out words or phrases that mayhelp motivate and boost the morale of a playing teamand perform better during a game. - Dance on the other hand, is a physical activity whereone expresses emotions or gestures while performingbodily movements usually in time with rhythm. Cheerleading dates to the 1860s, inGreat Britain,and entered the US inthe 1880s Princeton University, in 1884, got the idea that crowd chanting at footballgames would boost school spirit sothey came up with a catchy cheer. - 1884 Princeton: Thomas Peebles started a yell of \"Sis Boom Rah!"  - 1889 University of Minnesota: JohnnyCampbell was the first cheerleader.Campbell started yelling with amegaphone \"Rah, Rah, Rah! Ski-U-Mah!Hoo-Rah! Varsity! Minn-e-so-tah!\" Afterthat people started calling him a yellleader. - Origins Cheerleading traces its roots to the late 19th century, whencrowds began to chant and yell to encourage their team. Credit for the first organized cheer is often given to a University of Minnesota student named Johnny Campbell, who got theGopher faithful to shout, \"Rah, rah, rah! Sku-u-mar, Hoo-rah! Hoo-rah! Varsity! Varsity! Varsity, Minn-e-so-ta!\"during a losing effort in the 1898 season. Soon after, a yell-leader squad of six male students was organized, a practice thatgained currency at numerous other universities. The four youngmen above turned out to cheer for Columbia in a game against Syracuse in 1924. In 1948, Lawrence \"Herkie\" Herkimer, a cheerleader atSouthern Methodist University formed the NationalCheerleaders Association (NCA) as a way to holdcheerleading clinics. - Herkimer is credited withoriginating many of cheerleading\'s fundamental moves including the \"Herkie\", named for him and withmaking cheerleading the national and global phenomenon that it is today. - Lawrence Herkimer, \"Grandfather ofCheerleading\" Over time, the stunts and tricks that make up thecheerleading repertoire have grown increasinglyelaborate and adventuresome, leading many to worrythat the sport has become too dangerous. Concern peaked in 2006, when a Southern Illinois University cheerleader named **Kristi Yamaoka** fell from a humanpyramid and fractured a vertebra. Though she was not the first to suffer a traumatic injury duringcheerleading, she brought a national spotlight onto theproblem because she continued to perform from herstretcher as she was being removed from the game. - 10 Benefits of Cheerleading 1. Maintain a healthy level of fitness 2. Strength Training 3. Coordination 4. Flexibility 5. Improves Posture 6. Team Building 7. Improves Confidence 8. Learn to take Direction 9. Set yourself goals 10\. Build relationships withfellow team members - Stunts Cheerleading stunts feature three positions: flyer, base, and spotter. The flyers perform the stunts in the air. The bases hold up the flyer or flyers and balance them high above the ground. The spotters help the flyers into the stunt, steady them, and catch them to prevent injury. The more spotters there are in a stunt, the safer it is for everyone, especially the flyers. - The Main Elements of a CheerleadingCompetition - Routine  Cheerleading competition routines get moree xciting and more creative every year, but one thing never changes competition routines always include: - 6 Elements 1. Jumps 2. Dance 3. Stunt sequence 4. Pyramid sequence 5. Standing tumbling 6. Running tumbling.  Make sure you cover all six of the elements you need in your competition routine to improve your team's score. - Cheerleading stunts feature three positions:  1. Flyer- The flyers perform the stunts in the air. 2. Base- The bases hold up the flyer or flyers and balance them high above the ground. 3. Spotter- The spotters help the flyers into the stunt, steady them, and catch them to prevent injury. - Fundamentals of Cheerleading Positions 346105857\_937362767525553\_4281267610381156068\_n - Ready Position This is a basic starting position for almost every routine.Feet are shoulder width apart and both hands are in fistsresting just where the hips begin. Elbows should bestraight out to the sides and not pointed to the front. - The Very Basics - Fist The hands will be in a fist for a majority of cheerleading motions. A good cheer fist has the fingers tucked in tight with the thumb wrapped closely around the fingers. It should continue in a straight line from the arm without any breaks at the wrist. Depending on the motion, different parts of the fist may face the crowd. For this post, I refer to this view of the fist as "big circle", and the pinky side of the fist as the "little circle". - Clasp A clasp should be just below the chin with hands cupped. The clasp is used during chants and cheers to create sound. Keep the elbows tucked closely into the sides at all times and never open the hands wider than the shoulders. The tighter, the better! The clasp can also be performed in an overhead or low variation by extending the arms straight up or down. - Clap A clap is very similar to the clasp, however, this time the hands are in blades. Claps are not very loud and should be used more for stylistic purposes rather than for sound.  Claps can also be performed in an overhead variation.  - The Core Motions These motions can be manipulated by "breaking" them (bending the elbows in half) or by switching the direction of the motion either high/low or right/left.  - Hips Hands should be in proper fists sitting right on the hip bone. Make sure the wrists do not bend forward or backward. - Clean A clean is the position when a cheerleader is standing with both feet together and arms squeezed tightly to their side.  - High V For the High V, both arms extend up at about a 45 degree angle. Hands should be in tight fists, wrists straight, with big circles facing the front. The motion should be slightly in front of the body, so that the hands can be seen from the corner of the eyes. - Low V For the Low V, both arms extend down at about a 45 degree angle. Hands should be in tight fists, wrists straight, with big circles facing the front. The motion should be slightly in front of the body.  The Low V can also be performed in a "broken" variation by bending the elbows so that the fists are almost touching the armpits. - Punch In a punch, one arm extends straight up, while the other sits on the hip. Both hands should be in fists. The arm in the air should stay close to the ear, little circle facing forward, with fist flat across the top. The arm in the air determines whether it is a "right" or "left" punch. This is sometimes called a "Go" motion.  - T In a T, both arms extend straight out to the  sides parallel to the ground. Big circles should face the front and the arms should be slightly in front.  - Broken T Take the T and simply bend the elbows all the way in. Fists should hit right in front of the armpits with little circles facing out. - Touchdown Just like the hand signal referees do when there is a score, a touch down motion consists of both arms extending straight overhead parallel to each other. Fists should be flat on the top with little circles facing the front, and the arms should stay tucked in close to the ears. Take care to not shrug the shoulders too high. - Low Touchdown The opposite of a touchdown motion is the low touchdown. A low TD motion consists of both arms extending straight down parallel to each other.Big circles face the front, and the arms should squeeze in together.  - Daggers/Tabletop This motion is essentially a broken low touchdown. Though daggers is probably the more common name, I generally do refer to it as table top when teaching younger cheerleaders. Make sure the elbows stay in tight to avoid it becoming a broken low V, and that the top of the fists stay flat.  - Buckets For buckets, both arms punch straight out in front, parallel to both each other and the ground. Fists should face downward as if holding buckets of water. Don't let the wrists bend -- these buckets aren't that heavy! - Candlesticks Candlesticks is the same as buckets, except for the hands. This time, the hands should rotate so that big circles are to the sky as if you were holding lit candles and don't want to drip wax on the floor.  - Punch Across For this motion, one hand stays on the hip or clean to the side while the other crosses in front of the body. The motion can also be performed in a high variation and a low variations. - Cheerleading Jumps  - Beginner Jumps - Straight/T Jump Though the straight jump (also called a T jump) will probably never be used in a routine, it is a great tool for learning the counts for a jump and for working on arm placement and timing. - Tuck The tuck jump is great for beginners and young cheerleaders to work on pulling their legs up while in the air. The knees should come up to the chest and arms should be in a high V or a high touchdown. Tuck jumps are also a great tool to help build core strength for tucks in tumbling. - Spread Eagle A spread eagle is the next step for beginners to start learning how to hit a position while in the air. Legs should come out to the sides only as far they are able while keeping the hips rotated forward and toes facing the front.  Intermediate Jumps - Side Hurdler For the side hurdler, one leg extends to the side, while the other bends toward the back with the knee facing out. Arms should be in a "T" motion. If the straight leg comes up high enough, it should go behind the arm. The straight leg determines whether it is a "right" or "left" hurdler.  - Herkie The Herkie is named after the Father of Modern Cheerleading, Lawrence "Herkie" Herkimer. Legend has it that ole Herk was not able to do a proper hurdler, so this was his version. The difference between the herkie and the hurdler is that the bent knee points down, and the hips turn to the side ever-so-slightly with arms in a punch. This was my first time ever doing a Herkie, and let me tell you, it was so much harder than it looks! - Front Hurdler The front hurdler is performed at an angle to the audience or facing the side. The leg furthest from the crowd will come up straight in front as high as possible, while the other bends behind. Arms can be in a touchdown (pictured) or in a high V. Like the side, The straight leg straight leg determines whether it is a "right" or "left" front. - Advanced Jumps - Toe Touch For the toe touch, both legs should come up as high as possible in a straddle position, with hips rotated back. Contrary to the name, arms should be in a "T" motion and should not actually try to touch the toes. When the legs get high enough, arms should go in front of the legs.  - Pike To do a pike, both legs will come up straight in front with arms in candlesticks. This jump is performed facing the side so the crowd can really see the shape.  - Around the World Though not very common, the around the world is extremely impressive when performed well. This jump consists of pulling the legs up in a pike position, then rotating them out to a toe touch before landing. 71c9b1c8334e82e8fe4b1e94f0230e83 The 4 Ingredients of Perfect Cheer Motions 1\. Timing 2\. Placement 3\. Sharpness 4\. Muscle Engagement - Cheerleading terms to know: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. ACTIVITY 1: Answer the following questions. 10 points each items. 1. What is the significance of teamwork in cheerleading, and how does it contribute to success on and off the mat? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. How has cheerleading evolved from its origins to become a competitive sport? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. What physical and mental skills are required to be a successful cheerleader? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. In what ways does cheerleading challenge stereotypes about sports and gender roles? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. What is the role of leadership in cheerleading, and how do captains or coaches shape a team's performance? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ACTIVITY 2: Execute the FUNDAMENTAL OF CHEERLEADING POSITIONS at home. Take a picture, compile and attach it into microsoft docs. Send your files on our Messanger Group Chat. File name (Last name first). ACTIVITY 3: Write your personal experiences and thoughts about cheer dancing and elaborate on how the learned knowledge you have gained contributes to your safety and life. ACTIVITY 4: Make a short video on cheer dancing with your own group following the criteria presented below. Upload your video to our Messanger Group Chat. ----------------------------------------------- ------------ **Indicators** Percentage Choreography: Originality, style and artistry 40 Execution: Correct Movements and Projections 30 Mastery and Synchronization: 20 Costume and Props: 10 Total: 100% ----------------------------------------------- ------------ Submit your output and performances BEFORE your Mid term Examination. Lesson 2: Contemporary Dance - Contemporary dance is a versatile and expressive dance genre that combines elements of modern dance, classical ballet, and other dance styles. It emphasizes emotional expression, creativity, and a deep connection between the dancer and the music or theme being performed. Contemporary dance often explores abstract concepts and personal narratives, allowing for individual interpretation and storytelling. - Key Characteristics of Contemporary Dance: 1. Freedom of Movement: It often breaks away from the rigid structure of classical ballet, focusing on fluid and organic movement. 2. Body Expression: Dancers use their entire body, including floor work and gestures, to convey emotion and meaning. 3. Fusion of Styles: Contemporary dance incorporates techniques from ballet, modern dance, jazz, and even hip-hop or cultural dances. 4. Connection to Music: While it doesn\'t adhere strictly to rhythm, contemporary dance often interprets the emotion or dynamics of the music. 5. Themes and Storytelling: Performances frequently explore abstract ideas, personal experiences, or societal issues. - Techniques and Influences: 1. Graham Technique: Developed by Martha Graham, it emphasizes contraction and release. 2. Horton Technique: Aimed at creating strength and flexibility, with strong, fluid movements. 3. Release Technique: Focuses on breath, momentum, and the natural weight of the body. 4. Contact Improvisation: A collaborative and spontaneous form of movement involving touch and sharing weight. - Costumes and Staging: Costumes are usually simple and functional to prioritize movement over ornamentation. Lighting, props, and minimalistic stage designs are often used to enhance the emotional impact. - Dance Terminologies - Movement Concepts 1. Alignment: Proper posture and body positioning. 2. Contraction: A muscular tightening, often associated with the Graham technique, where the torso curves inward. 3. Release: Letting go of tension to create fluid, natural movement. 4. Spiral: Twisting the torso or spine in a circular motion. 5. Extension: Reaching or lengthening a body part, such as a leg or arm. 6. Fall and Recovery: A principle where dancers fall into gravity and then recover back to balance, a technique often associated with Doris Humphrey. 7. Floor Work: Movements executed while lying or rolling on the floor. 8. Improvisation: Unscripted and spontaneous movement exploration. 9. Isolation: Moving one part of the body independently from the rest. 10. Weight Shift: Transferring the body\'s weight from one part to another, such as from one leg to the other. - Techniques and Styles 1. Graham Technique: Known for contraction and release. 2. Horton Technique: Focused on strength, flexibility, and flat-back positions. 3. Release Technique: Prioritizing relaxation and efficient use of energy. 4. Contact Improvisation: Collaborative movement that involves physical contact and weight sharing. - Movement Directions and Dynamics 1. Axial Movement: Movement around a fixed point without traveling, such as stretching, bending, or twisting. 2. Locomotor Movement: Movement that travels through space, like running, leaping, or rolling. 3. Pathways: The patterns or routes a dancer traces on the floor or through the air. 4. Flow: The continuity and smoothness of movement. 5. Force/Dynamics: The quality of movement, ranging from soft and fluid to sharp and percussive. - Body Positions and Steps 1. Plié: Bending the knees while keeping the feet flat on the floor. 2. Tendu: Stretching a foot along the floor to a pointed position. 3. Passé: Bringing the toe of one foot to the knee of the standing leg. 4. Developpé: Extending the working leg outward from a bent position. 5. Leap: A large traveling jump, often with both legs extended. 6. Roll: Using the body to rotate on the floor. 7. Drop: Releasing the body downward, often into gravity. - Expressive Elements 1. Articulation: The precision and clarity of movement. 2. Improvisation: Creating movements in the moment without predetermined choreography. 3. Spatial Awareness: Understanding and utilizing the space around the body. 4. Emphasis: Highlighting a particular movement or moment. 5. Gesture: A symbolic movement, often involving the hands or arms, to convey meaning. ACTIVITY: Tickle Your Mind 1. Accomplish the Y Chart Graphic Organizer below your concept about contemporary dance: For me, Contemporary Dance LESSON 3: Modern Dance - Modern dance is a broad dance genre that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a reaction against the rigid forms of classical ballet and the superficiality of popular dance styles of the time. It emphasizes personal expression, freedom of movement, and the exploration of new ways to convey emotion and ideas through the body. - Key Characteristics of Modern Dance 1. Rejection of Formality: Modern dance often opposes the strict techniques and formality of ballet, opting for more natural and organic movements. 2. Focus on Expression: It prioritizes emotional authenticity and the dancer\'s personal connection to the movement or theme. 3. Grounded Movements: Modern dance often incorporates movements close to the ground, such as falls, rolls, and floor work. 4. Experimentation: It thrives on innovation, incorporating unconventional techniques and exploring abstract ideas. 5. Barefoot Dancing: Unlike ballet, modern dancers typically perform barefoot to connect more deeply with the floor. - Influential Figures in Modern Dance 1. Isadora Duncan: Often considered the \"mother of modern dance,\" she emphasized natural, free-flowing movements inspired by nature and ancient Greek art. 2. Martha Graham: Known for her technique of contraction and release, she explored themes of psychology, mythology, and human struggle. 3. Ruth St. Denis and Ted Shawn: Pioneers who incorporated cultural dance styles and theatrical elements into their works. 4. Merce Cunningham: Innovator in chance choreography and abstract movement, separating dance from music. 5. José Limón: Focused on the dynamics of movement, such as fall and recovery. - Techniques in Modern Dance 1. Contraction and Release: Developed by Martha Graham, focusing on the breath and core movements of the torso. 2. Fall and Recovery: A concept introduced by Doris Humphrey, exploring the balance between yielding to gravity and regaining stability. 3. Isolation: Moving one part of the body independently while others remain still. 4. Oppositional Movement: Using contrasting forces in the body, such as pushing and pulling simultaneously. - Themes and Choreography Modern dance often delves into abstract, emotional, or socially relevant themes. - Choreography may include: 1. Exploration of human relationships and emotions. 2. Social and political commentary. 3. Inspiration from natural elements, literature, or cultural traditions. 4. Abstract or experimental narratives. LESSON 4: HIP HOP - Hip-hop dance is a dynamic and influential style of street dance that originated as part of hip-hop culture in the 1970s in the United States, particularly in urban neighborhoods like the Bronx, New York City. It encompasses a variety of movement styles, characterized by high energy, rhythm, and an emphasis on personal expression and improvisation. - Key Characteristics of Hip-Hop Dance 1. Street Origin: Developed in social and community settings rather than formal dance studios. 2. Improvisation: Freestyle (unstructured) movement is central, allowing dancers to express individuality. 3. Musicality: Movements are deeply connected to the beats and rhythms of hip-hop music. 4. Cultural Elements: Reflects the values and history of hip-hop culture, including its roots in resilience and creativity. 5. Battle and Performance: Frequently performed in dance battles or cyphers (circles where dancers take turns). - Main Styles of Hip-Hop Dance - Breaking (Breakdancing): Origin: Developed in the 1970s by African-American and Puerto Rican youth. Key Movements: Toprock, downrock, power moves (spins, flips), and freezes. Influence: Often performed to breakbeats and combines athleticism with rhythm. - Popping: Description: A style involving rapid contractions and relaxations of muscles, creating a \"popping\" effect. Key Techniques: Hits, glides, waves, and isolations. Pioneers: Boogaloo Sam and the Electric Boogaloos. - Locking: Description: A funk style involving sudden \"locks\" or pauses during movement. Key Movements: Wrist rolls, points, and exaggerated expressions. Pioneers: Don Campbell and the Lockers. - Krumping: Description: High-energy, expressive, and aggressive movements rooted in African-American communities. Key Movements: Stomps, chest pops, arm swings, and improvisational storytelling. Purpose: Often used as a form of emotional release and community connection. - House Dance: Description: Evolved in underground house music clubs. Key Movements: Fast and complex footwork, fluid upper-body motion, and grooves. Musical Influence: House and electronic music. - Waacking and Vogueing: Description: Stylized forms of dance emphasizing dramatic poses and arm movements. Influence: Disco and ballroom culture. Distinctive Features: Waacking emphasizes rhythm and sharp arm movements, while voguing includes model-like poses and intricate hand movements. - Commercial Hip-Hop: Description: A performance-based adaptation of hip-hop for stages, music videos, and films. Features: Combines traditional hip-hop moves with theatrical and polished choreography. - Key Elements of Hip-Hop Dance 1. Freestyle: The spontaneous creation of movements, often showcased in battles or cyphers. 2. Cypher: A circle where dancers take turns showcasing their skills. 3. Battle: Competitive dance-offs, a cornerstone of hip-hop culture. 4. Groove: The underlying rhythm or flow that guides the dancer\'s movements. - Core Movements in Modern Dance 1. Contraction and Release: A signature move in the Graham technique. How to do it: Engage your core muscles to pull your torso inward (contraction), then expand and lengthen the torso (release). 2. Fall and Recovery: Developed by Doris Humphrey. How to do it: Yield to gravity by letting the body fall, then recover to an upright position with control. 3. Spiral: Twisting or rotating the spine around its axis. How to do it: Rotate your upper body in opposition to your lower body while maintaining fluidity. 4. Prance: Light, springing steps performed in quick succession. How to do it: Lift one knee high while stepping forward, alternating legs. 5. Flat Back: A movement from Horton technique. How to do it: Bend at the hips, keeping your torso parallel to the floor and your back completely straight. 6. Tilts: A controlled extension of the leg at an angle while the torso tilts in the opposite direction. How to do it: Keep one leg planted while the other stretches diagonally upward. - Floor Work 1. Rolls: Used to smoothly transition between standing and floor positions. How to do it: Shift weight onto your hands or hips and use momentum to roll across the floor. 2. Slides: A movement that glides the body along the floor. How to do it: Initiate with your feet or hands and allow the body to follow naturally. 3. Plank to Hover: Strength-focused movement. How to do it: Transition from a high plank to hovering just above the floor with bent elbows. - Dynamic Movements 1. Swing: A motion that uses momentum, often with arms or legs. How to do it: Allow a body part to swing freely, building momentum, and then catch the movement with control. 2. Leap: A large traveling jump. How to do it: Push off one foot, extend both legs in the air, and land on the opposite foot. 3. Suspend: A moment of pause or balance before allowing gravity to take over. How to do it: Reach or extend as if hanging in midair before releasing. 4. Hop: A small jump off one foot, landing on the same foot. Often used in sequences to add rhythm or lightness. - Turns and Rotations 1. Pivot Turn: A half-turn on the balls of the feet. How to do it: Step forward, then rotate on the ball of the foot to change direction. 2. Chainé Turn: A series of quick, linked turns. How to do it: Step with both feet while rotating in a straight line or circle. 3. Spiral Turn: A turn that uses a spiraling motion of the spine. How to do it: Initiate the rotation with the torso while the rest of the body follows. - Isolations 1. Head Isolations: Moving the head independently of the body. How to do it: Shift the head side-to-side or in circular motions. 2. Shoulder Rolls: Rolling the shoulders forward or backward. How to do it: Move the shoulders in circular motions, one at a time or simultaneously. 3. Hip Circles: Rotating the hips in smooth, circular motions. How to do it: Isolate the movement to the hips while keeping the upper body stable. - Expressive Gestures 1. Reach: Extending the arms and body toward a point in space. Often used to convey longing or searching. 2. Swipe: A broad, sweeping motion of the arms or legs. How to do it: Use the entire body to follow through on the gesture for impact. 3. Collapse: A movement that gives in to gravity, creating a sense of surrender. How to do it: Allow a controlled drop to the floor or into another position. - Modern dance offers numerous health benefits that extend beyond physical fitness, positively impacting mental and emotional well-being. Here's a breakdown of the key benefits: - Physical Health Benefits 1. Improved Flexibility: Modern dance incorporates stretching and fluid movements, enhancing overall flexibility. Reduces the risk of injury and improves joint mobility. 2. Increased Strength: Uses body weight for resistance, especially through floor work, jumps, and extensions. Builds core strength, essential for stability and balance. 3. Enhanced Cardiovascular Fitness: Engages large muscle groups, improving heart health and endurance. Regular dance sessions elevate the heart rate, contributing to better circulation. 4. Better Posture and Alignment: Focuses on maintaining proper body alignment. Strengthens postural muscles, reducing the risk of back pain. 5. Improved Coordination and Balance: Requires precise control of movement and spatial awareness. Enhances overall motor skills and agility. 6. Weight Management: A full-body workout that burns calories effectively. A fun and engaging way to stay active without traditional gym routines. 7. Increased Bone Density: Weight-bearing movements support bone health, reducing the risk of osteoporosis. - Mental Health Benefits 1. Stress Relief: Dance helps release endorphins, the body's natural \"feel-good\" chemicals. The meditative aspect of focusing on movements can reduce stress and anxiety. 2. Improved Cognitive Function: Learning choreography enhances memory, focus, and mental acuity. Encourages problem-solving through improvisation and interpretation. 3. Boosted Mood: Encourages self-expression, helping to process and release emotions. Promotes a sense of accomplishment and confidence. 4. Mind-Body Connection: Encourages mindfulness by focusing on breathing, movement, and physical sensations. Strengthens the ability to stay present and grounded. - Emotional and Social Benefits 1. Self-Expression: Modern dance allows individuals to express feelings and tell stories through movement. Enhances self-awareness and emotional release. 2. Increased Confidence: Mastering new moves and performing builds self-esteem. Encourages overcoming fears of judgment or failure. 3. Social Interaction: Participating in classes or performances fosters connections with others. Builds a sense of community and shared creativity. - Rehabilitation and Therapy 1. Physical Therapy: Gentle movements in modern dance can aid in recovery from injuries. Helps improve range of motion and muscle strength. 2. Dance Therapy: Used in therapeutic settings to address trauma, depression, and other mental health challenges. Combines movement with psychological exploration for holistic healing. - Long-Term Benefits 1. Increased Longevity: Regular physical activity, like dance, contributes to a healthier, longer life. 2. Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Improves cardiovascular health, regulates blood pressure, and supports metabolic health. 3. Slower Cognitive Decline: The combination of physical activity and cognitive challenge in learning choreography helps delay the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's. - Modern dance is more than just an art form---it\'s a holistic activity that nurtures the body, mind, and soul. Whether practiced recreationally or professionally, it offers a dynamic way to improve overall health while fostering creativity and emotional well-being. ACTIVITY 1: Explain each item/question briefly. (10 points each). 1. Why does modern dance considerd as contemporary dance? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Discuss the contribution of Germans to modern dance. Discuss the importance of its development. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ACTIVITY 2: CHALLENGE YOUR SKILLS Instruction: Create atleast 10 steps of your own Modern Dance using your own choice of upbeat music. Performance limit will be 3 to 4 minutes including entrance and exit. Below are the criteria for judging your creative performance. ------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------- CRITERIA PERCENTAGE SCORE Creativty 15% Mastery of steps 20% Choreography 25% Synchonization (timing and coordination to the music) 20% Costumem and props 10% Visual impact 10% TOTAL: 100% ------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------- LESSON 5: JAZZ DANCE - Jazz dance is a lively, energetic dance style that originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States, heavily influenced by African American social dances and jazz music. Over time, it evolved into a theatrical and versatile dance form performed on stage, in musicals, and in various entertainment settings. Jazz dance is known for its rhythm, expressiveness, and combination of technical skill with vibrant, dynamic movement. - Characteristics of Jazz Dance 1. Energetic and Expressive: Emphasizes high-energy movements and personal expression. 2. Syncopation and Rhythm: Movements are closely tied to the rhythms and beats of jazz, pop, or musical theater music. 3. Isolation: Focuses on moving one part of the body independently (e.g., head, shoulders, hips). 4. Improvisation: Encourages freedom and individuality in movement, though structured choreography is common. 5. Theatrical Flair: Often incorporates dramatic and theatrical elements, especially in musical theater. - Key Movements in Jazz Dance 1. Jazz Walks: Stylized walks with attitude and rhythm. Can range from sultry and smooth to sharp and upbeat. 2. Pirouettes: Turns performed on one leg, often with a sharp focus and clean lines. 3. Chassé: A gliding, step-together-step movement used for traveling across the floor. 4. Kicks: High kicks executed with precision and control. Can include straight-leg kicks, fan kicks, or flick kicks. 5. Leaps (Jetés): Large jumps where the dancer splits their legs in the air. Requires strength and flexibility. 6. Isolations: Movements that isolate one part of the body, such as rolling the shoulders or moving the hips. 7. Pivot Turns: A sharp half-turn on the balls of the feet, changing direction. 8. Body Rolls: A fluid, wave-like motion rolling through the torso. 9. Jazz Hands: Fingers spread wide, often used for dramatic or energetic emphasis. 10. Shimmies: Rapid shoulder or hip movements. - Styles of Jazz Dance 1. Classical Jazz: The traditional form, heavily influenced by early jazz music and vaudeville. Key figures: Jack Cole, Jerome Robbins. 2. Theatrical or Broadway Jazz: Adapted for musical theater, incorporating dramatic storytelling. Key figure: Bob Fosse, known for stylized, sensual movements and distinctive poses. 3. Contemporary Jazz: Fuses jazz with elements of contemporary and modern dance. Focuses on fluidity, expression, and blending genres. 4. Street Jazz: A mix of hip-hop and jazz dance, popular in commercial performances. Features sharp, funky movements and urban influences. 5. Afro-Jazz: Combines African dance rhythms and techniques with jazz foundations. Emphasizes grounded, rhythmic movements and cultural expression. - Significant people in JAZZ DANCE Jazz dance has been shaped and popularized by several key figures throughout its history. These individuals have contributed significantly to the evolution of jazz dance, blending styles, innovating techniques, and bringing the art form to global audiences. Here are some of the most significant people in jazz dance: 1\. Katherine Dunham (1909--2006) Contribution: Known as the \"matriarch of black dance,\" Dunham revolutionized modern and jazz dance by incorporating Afro-Caribbean and African rhythms into her choreography. Legacy: Developed the Dunham Technique, emphasizing isolations, flexibility, and grounded movements. Blended traditional African dance with theatrical performance. Played a pivotal role in bringing African cultural expression to mainstream dance. 2\. Jack Cole (1911--1974) Contribution: Considered the \"father of theatrical jazz dance,\" Cole pioneered jazz choreography for stage and film. Legacy: Created a style combining East Indian dance, Afro-Cuban rhythms, and modern techniques. Worked on Broadway and in Hollywood, choreographing for stars like Marilyn Monroe (e.g., Diamonds Are a Girl\'s Best Friend). Influenced generations of jazz dancers and choreographers. 3\. Bob Fosse (1927--1987) Contribution: A legendary choreographer and director known for his distinct, stylized movements. Legacy: Created iconic choreography for musicals such as Chicago, Cabaret, and Pippin. Famous for jazz movements like turned-in knees, rolled shoulders, finger snaps, and the \"jazz hands.\" His work brought a sensual, theatrical flair to jazz dance. 4\. Jerome Robbins (1918--1998) Contribution: Combined classical ballet with jazz dance to create groundbreaking choreography for musicals and film. Legacy: Choreographed West Side Story, blending jazz and modern dance with dramatic storytelling. Known for seamless integration of dance into musical narratives. Expanded jazz dance\'s reach by incorporating it into highly successful productions. 5\. Gus Giordano (1923--2008) Contribution: A pioneer in codifying jazz dance as a formal technique and art form. Legacy: Developed the Giordano Technique, emphasizing strength, control, and classical elegance. Founded one of the first jazz dance companies, Giordano Dance Chicago. Authored Anthology of American Jazz Dance, a seminal text in jazz dance education. 6\. Luigi (Eugene Louis Faccuito) (1925--2015) Contribution: Innovator of a fluid and controlled jazz technique. Legacy: Developed the Luigi Technique, emphasizing balance, coordination, and alignment. His technique was created as rehabilitation after a car accident left him partially paralyzed. Known for his motto: \"Never stop moving.\" 7\. Matt Mattox (1921--2013) Contribution: Introduced a freer, more improvisational approach to jazz dance. Legacy: Developed a \"free style\" jazz technique blending elements of ballet, modern, and jazz. Known for his precise isolations and innovative teaching methods. His work significantly influenced jazz dance education worldwide. 8\. Lester Horton (1906--1953) Contribution: Although primarily a modern dance choreographer, Horton\'s technique influenced jazz dance through his focus on strength and flexibility. Legacy: Developed the Horton Technique, which jazz dancers adapted for its dramatic, full-body movements. Inspired generations of dancers, including Alvin Ailey, who incorporated Horton's methods into his jazz-infused modern works. 9\. Alvin Ailey (1931--1989) Contribution: A modern dance choreographer whose works are infused with jazz influences. Legacy: Choreographed Revelations, which blends jazz, gospel, and African-American cultural themes. His Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater showcases a mix of modern, jazz, and cultural dance styles. 10\. Mia Michaels (b. 1966) Contribution: A contemporary choreographer who brought jazz dance to new audiences through TV and stage performances. Legacy: Known for her work on So You Think You Can Dance. Combines jazz with contemporary and theatrical elements. Has choreographed for Broadway, film, and concert tours, maintaining jazz dance\'s relevance in modern entertainment. Other Influential Figures Cholly Atkins: Known for choreographing jazz-inspired routines for Motown artists. Frank Hatchett: Developed a commercial jazz style known as \"VOP\" that focuses on individuality and high energy. Debbie Allen: A multi-talented dancer, choreographer, and actress who popularized jazz dance in mainstream media (Fame). **PREPARED BY:** **PRINCESS MARC ALLELIE B. SANA** **P.E INSTRUCTOR**