BIO521A Excretory System Review PDF

**BIO521A Excretory System Review** *Complete the following questions on loose-leaf or in your notebook.* **1. What is the main function of the excretory system? How does it maintain homeostasis in the body?** The main function of the excretory system is to remove matabolic wastes from our body....

**BIO521A Excretory System Review** *Complete the following questions on loose-leaf or in your notebook.* **1. What is the main function of the excretory system? How does it maintain homeostasis in the body?** The main function of the excretory system is to remove matabolic wastes from our body. It maintains homeostasis by regualating heat, water, salts, acid-base concentrations and metabolite concentrations **2. List other organs that are responsible for excretion in the body.** Kidneys, skin, lungs, liver **3. How does the excretory system regulate blood volume?** The excretory system regulates blood volume by filtering blood, reabsorbing water, and removing excess fluid in the body such as urine. **4. What is the primary function of the kidneys?** The primary function of the kidneys is to filter our blood and to remove metabolic wastes from it. Aswell as urine production. **5. Where in the excretory system are nephrons located?** The nephrons are located in the kidney, primarilly in the cortex but the collecting ducts extend into the medulla. **6. How many nephrons are there in your body?** Over one million nephrons are in our body. **7. List the major parts of the nephron.** Glomerulus, proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tube, collecting duct 8\. **Where does the nephric filtrate come from?** When blood enters the glomerulas for filtration, water, small molecules, and ions filter through the capillaries walls and into the bowmans capsule. This creates nephric filtrate. **9. What are the major functions of nephrons?** The major functions of nephrons are to filter your blood (glomerulus) and to rerurn needed substances back into your body via the tubule. **10. Where does filtration take place in the nephron?** Filtration in the nephron takes place in the glomerulus. **11. Where does reabsorption take place in the nephron?** Reabsorption takes place in the proximal and distal tubules. **12. Where does the majority of secretion take place in the nephron?** The majority of secretion takes place in the collecting ducts of the nephron. **13. Where does elimination take place in the nephron?** Elimination takes place in the distal tubule and the collecting ducts of the nephron. **14. List and describe in your own words the three main functions of the liver.** The liver is responsible for blood detoxification. It does this by removing poisonous substannces from your blood and turning them into less toxic versions using enzymes. Your liver also forms urea by breaking down proteins into amino acids and converting it into ammonia. The liver will then convert ammonia into a less toxic version called urea. Urea will then be released into the bloodstream and into the kidneys. The final function of the liver is to excrete bile into the small intestine with the purpose of neutralizing stomach acids and emulsifying fats. **15. What is UTI? Name a cause, symptoms, and treatment.** A UTI is a urinary tract infection caused by a bacterial infection in the urinary tract. It is more frequent in women because the urethral and anal openings are closer together allowing bowl bacteria easier to enter. Symptoms include; frequent and painful urination, bloody and brown urine, and naseua and fever. A treatment for a UTI is antibiotics. **16. What are kidney stones? What changes in your diet could you make to ensure you do not acquire these?** Kidney stones are primarily formed due to high concentraions of uric acid and salts in the urine. These crystallize in the kidney forming stones. Some changes in your diet to reduce the likelihood of getting kidney stones is; drinking more water, eating less sodium, and eating calcium rich foods. **17. What can you do to prevent kidney failure? How is kidney failure treated?** To prevent kidney failure from happening you can exercise, eat a healthy diet, reduce alcohol intake, and manage glucose levels. Kidney failure is treated by hemodialysis, which essentially filters out your blood for you. **18. If you were to have one kidney removed, how would you change your diet to help this one kidney function well?** Eating less sodium and drinking more water would help this one kidney function well.