Excretory System Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a major metabolic waste product?

  • Nitrogenous wastes
  • Water
  • Oxygen (correct)
  • Carbon dioxide

    • The skin is one of the major organs involved in excretion.

    True (A)

    What process is responsible for the formation of urea?

    Breakdown of amino acids

    The _______ is the largest single internal organ in the body.

    <p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organs to their primary excretory function:

    <p>Skin = Removal of excess salts and water Lungs = Removal of carbon dioxide and water vapor Kidneys = Filtration of blood and urine production Liver = Detoxification and formation of urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic waste is primarily produced during aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cirrhosis of the liver can result from long-term abuse of alcohol.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The liver produces bile to _______ stomach acids and emulsify fats.

    <p>neutralize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ureters?

    <p>To carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The renal artery carries filtered blood from the kidneys back into circulation.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fluid is stored in the urinary bladder?

    <p>urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ is the tube that carries urine out of the body.

    <p>urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of the kidney to their functions:

    <p>Cortex = Contains most of the filtering parts of the nephron Medulla = Formed by the collecting ducts of the nephrons Pelvis = Where fluid from the collecting ducts empties Renal Vein = Carries filtered blood back to circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

    <p>Filtration of blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The proximal tubule connects the Bowmanʼs capsule to the loop of Henle.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nephrons are typically found in each kidney?

    <p>over 1 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ duct leads from the medulla into the pelvis and is involved in urine formation.

    <p>collecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the part of the nephron with its function:

    <p>Glomerulus = Mass of capillaries for filtration Loop of Henle = Reabsorption of water Distal tubule = Filtering out drugs Bowmanʼs capsule = Collects filtrate from glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron primarily reabsorbs glucose and amino acids?

    <p>Proximal tubule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Urine is formed in the proximal tubule of the nephron.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron extends into the medulla?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

    <p>Frequent urination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kidney stones are caused by low concentrations of salts and uric acid in the urine.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two common causes of kidney infection?

    <p>Infections from elsewhere in the body and obstruction of the prostate gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severe cases of urinary tract infections can also cause _______ and vomiting.

    <p>nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the medical condition with its associated cause:

    <p>Urinary Tract Infection = Proximity of urethral and anal openings Kidney Stones = High concentration of salts and uric acid Kidney Infection = Infections from the urinary tract Kidney Failure = Long-term diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential treatment for kidney stones if they do not pass on their own?

    <p>Ultrasound or lasers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must patients do when experiencing kidney failure?

    <p>Undergo dialysis or wait for a kidney transplant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human body can function with only one kidney.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

    <p>Close proximity of urethral and anal openings in women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly prescribed for urinary tract infections?

    <p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary change can help in preventing kidney stones?

    <p>Drinking more water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is kidney failure typically treated?

    <p>Hemodialysis to filter blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended dietary change for someone with one kidney?

    <p>Drinking more water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the excretory system?

    <p>Remove metabolic wastes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys help regulate blood volume?

    <p>By filtering blood and removing excess fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major functions of nephrons?

    <p>Filter blood and return needed substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the nephron does filtration primarily occur?

    <p>Glomerulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the collecting ducts in the nephron?

    <p>Site of urine elimination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does reabsorption primarily take place in the nephron?

    <p>Proximal and distal tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nephrons are typically estimated to be in the human body?

    <p>Over one million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for blood detoxification?

    <p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Excretory System Overview

    • The excretory system regulates heat, water, salt, acid-base concentrations, and metabolite concentrations.
    • This system removes metabolic waste products that the body cannot use or that are toxic.
    • Metabolic processes are chemical reactions that occur within living cells.

    Major Metabolic Wastes

    • Carbon dioxide: A byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration.
    • Water: A byproduct of aerobic cellular respiration.
    • Mineral salts: Various salts produced during chemical reactions within cells (metabolism); examples include sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.
    • Nitrogenous wastes: The breakdown of amino acids produces ammonia, urea, and uric acid.
    • Heat: Released during exothermic chemical reactions to maintain a constant body temperature.

    Excretion

    • Excretion is the process of removing metabolic wastes and excess substances from cells.
    • Every cell produces wastes, including excess water, salts, carbon dioxide, and urea.
    • Excretion helps maintain homeostasis by removing these wastes.

    Organs of Excretion

    • Skin and associated glands
    • Lungs
    • Kidneys: Part of the urinary system. They are major excretory organs, producing urine.
    • Liver: Also a major excretory organ; performs important functions of detoxification, bile excretion, and urea formation, removing poisons, toxins, bacteria, or excess hormones from the blood.

    Skin

    • Skin functions include protection from pathogens (first line of defense of the immune system), protection against water loss, and temperature regulation.

    Lungs

    • Lungs remove carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body.

    Liver

    • The liver is the largest internal organ.

    • It has three main roles:

      • Detoxification of blood
      • Excretion of bile
      • Formation of urea

    • Detoxification involves filtering out poisons, toxins, bacteria, and excess hormones from the blood; altering them into less toxic/inactive forms via enzymes before releasing them back into circulation to be transferred to the kidneys.

    • Most of the bile salts are reabsorbed into the blood at the end of the small intestine to be reused and filtered by the liver; the rest is excreted in feces. If the liver function is impaired, bilirubin (a component of bile) is reabsorbed into the blood, leading to possible health issues, such as jaundice.

    • Bile helps neutralize stomach acids, emulsify fats in the small intestine; produced, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine when needed. Bile consists of cholesterol, bilirubin (from hemoglobin breakdown), and bile salts (mineral salts).

    • The liver forms urea from ammonia, the toxic byproduct of breaking down amino acids; urea is released into the bloodstream and is filtered out by the kidneys.

    • Long-term abuse of poisons like alcohol can cause cirrhosis, where liver tissues overgrow to restrict blood flow within the organ. This can lead to liver failure.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the excretory system and its functions. This quiz covers the major metabolic wastes, the process of excretion, and the regulation of body substances. Enhance your understanding of how our body eliminates waste and maintains homeostasis.

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