Excretory Diseases and Disorders PDF

1 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) More frequent in women than men because of differences in anatomy. ▹ Urethral and anal openings are closer together in women, making it easier for bacteria from the bowels to enter and start an infection. Symptoms include painful urinati...

1 Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) More frequent in women than men because of differences in anatomy. ▹ Urethral and anal openings are closer together in women, making it easier for bacteria from the bowels to enter and start an infection. Symptoms include painful urination, frequent urination, and bloody or brown urine. Severe cases can also have chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal tenderness. Usually treated with antibiotics. 2 Kidney Stones Due to the high concentration of salts and uric acid in the urine, these materials can sometimes crystallize in the kidney, forming stones. Usually these stones are passed on their own, but sometimes they get too large and scrape the urinary tract walls or can get stuck. Symptoms include severe back and abdominal pain, blood in the urine, nausea, and vomiting. 3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0GpIMNTPYg 4 Kidney Stones Diagnosis includes a complete medical examination, including x-rays. The stones can be broken down by ultrasound or lasers, then passed through the urethra. ▹ Surgery occurs if this fails. Some of the things that put you at higher risk include: ▹ Recurrent urinary bladder infections ▹ Insufficient water intake ▹ Low levels of physical activity ▹ Too much vitamin C and D intake 5 Kidney Infection Results when infections reach the kidneys. Common causes: ▹ Infections from elsewhere in the body (ie. UTI) reaching the kidneys ▹ Obstruction of the prostate gland (usually occurs in older men) 6 Kidney Failure Also known as renal failure. Can be caused by long term diabetes, infections, physical injuries, or chemical poisoning. Causes toxic materials to build up to lethal levels. Patients need to go on dialysis and wait for a kidney transplant. Hemodialysis: The process of removing blood from an artery, purifying it, adding vital substances, and returning it to a vein. 7 8 Kidney Transplant The human body is capable of functioning with only one working kidney. If one kidney fails, or if a single kidney is transplanted into a patient, the functioning kidney will increase in size to handle the increased workload.