Exam Review Care of Elderly PDF

***CARE OF THE ELDERLY -- REVIEW EXAM*** **Chapter 1: Introduction to Healthy Aging** What is wellness? [Involves ones whole being. Physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. All of which are vital. A state of being and feeling that one strives to achieve through effective health practices. Reali...

***CARE OF THE ELDERLY -- REVIEW EXAM*** **Chapter 1: Introduction to Healthy Aging** What is wellness? [Involves ones whole being. Physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. All of which are vital. A state of being and feeling that one strives to achieve through effective health practices. Realization of ones full potential.] Name the 12 key Determinants of Health and explain 4: +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 12. Income and social status → higher income determines living | | conditions such as safe housing and ability to buy healthy food. | | Recreational activities. | +=======================================================================+ | 1. Social support networks → influenced by employment and education. | | Support from families , friends, communities associated with | | better health. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 2. Education and literacy → effective education for children and | | life-long learning for adults , being able to read and comprehend | | health information, | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 3. Employment and working conditions → unemployment and stressful or | | unsafe working environment are associated with poorer health. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 4. Social environment → social stability , recognition of diversity, | | safety, good 11 relationships. And a coheasive community provide | | a supportive Society reduces potential risk factors. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 5. Physical environment → contaminants in air, water, food and soil | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 6. Personal health practices and coping skills → life choices are | | greatly influenced by socioeconomic environment in which people | | live, learn work and play. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 7. Healthy child development → development is greatly affected by | | his or her housing, neighborhood , family income, and level of | | parent\'s education, access to nutritious food and physical | | recreation access to proper medical and dental care | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 8. Biology and genetic endowment → genetic makeup influences our | | health and the | | | | way in which our bodies biologically age and adapt to stressors | | and health incidents. | | | | Sometimes predisposes certain individuals to particular descends | | or health problems | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 9. Health services → access to health services | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 10. Gender → certain conditions are more likely to occur in either | | gender, men tend to die more prematurely, | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | 11. Culture → stigmatization , loss of devaluation of language and | | culture and lack access | | | | To appropriate health care and services all affect one's health. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Name and explain the 5 Principles of Primary Health Care: 1. Accessibility → All health services are available to all Canadians, regardless of age or geographical location. 2. Health promotion → process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their help. 3. Public participation → individual older persons and their communities are active partners in making decisions about the health of their communities. 4. Appropriate technology → methods of care, service delivery, procedures, and equipment that are socially acceptable and affordable 5. Intersectoral collaboration → recognizes that health and well being are linked to both economic and social policy, **Chapter 3: Communicating With Older Adults** What is ageism: [Prejudice expressed toward older adults through attitudes and behavior.] What is elderspeak? [Form of ageism in which younger people alter their speech based on the assumption that all older people have difficulty understanding and comprehending.] Name some of the negative outcomes of Hearing Impairment: 1. Decreased function 2. Social isolation 3. Interfere with communication with others 4. Diminish qualify of life Explain Sensorineural Hearing Loss: [Damage to any part of the inner ear or auditory pathways to the brain.] Explain Conductive Hearing Loss: [Abnormalities of the external and middle ear that reduce the ability of sound to be transmitted to or through middle ear] How does Cerumen Impaction affect hearing? [Interferes with the conduction of sound through the middle ear in the eardrum.] What are the goals of hearing aids? [Improve communication and quality of life not to restore hearing.] What is Aphasia? [Communication disorder that results from stroke. Difficulty speaking and understanding,] What does Aphasia affect? [Ability to speak and understand. Understanding conversations, reading and comprehening written words, writing words, using numbers.] How do you communicate with Individuals with Aphasia? 1. [Be honest] 2. [Let them know if you cannot quite understand what they are telling you but you'll keep trying.] 3. [Repeat the part you understood as a question, so they only repeat what You didn't understand] 4. [Speak of familiar things and of interest to them]. 5. [Visual cues, objects, pictures, gestures, touch, words. Write down key words or sketch picture.] What is Dysarthria? [Speech disorder caused by a weakness or poor coordination of speech muscles, difficulty in physically producing sounds of speech, weakness, slow movement, lack of coordination of muscles associated with speech,] What is Reminiscing and how does it help? [Any recall of the past. Important to personal development and is very accessible. No chronological order to it. Cultivates a sense of security: recounting of comforting memories, belonging through sharing. Self-esteem through confirmation of uniqueness: important to personal development] **Chapter 6: Biological and Physical Changes in Aging** What happens to these in older people? 1. Epidermis/Dermis/Hypodermis: Epidermis → thins, making blood vessels and bruises more visible, cell renewal time increases. \# of melanocytes decreases. Dermis → loses 20% of thickness with aging. Dermal blood vessels are reduced. Collagen synthesis decreases. Hypodermis → some areas of atrophy, fat decreases. 2. Hair: [Less hair, amount of hair in the ears, nose, eyebrows of older men increases and The hair stiffens. Older women develop chin and facial hair.] 3. Nails: [Harder, thicker, more brittle, dull, opaque. Change shape, flat or concave. Blood supply and rate of nail growth decreases. Vertical ridges from decreasing water, calcium and lipid content. Color varies from yellow to gray.] 4. Musculoskeletal: [Ligaments, tendons, joints become dry and hardened and more rigid, affects mobility. Decreased muscle mass affecting posture and mobility. Vertebral disks become thin, shortening of the trunk. Stooped appearance from kyphosis. Alteration in body shape and weight occurs as lean body mass declines and body water is lost.] 5. Respiratory: [Loss of elastic recoil, stiffening of the chest wall, inefficiency in gas exchange, increased resistance to airflow.] 6. Mouth: [Teeth lose enamel and dentin, become more vulnerable to decay. Tooth roots become more brittle and break more easily. Gums more susceptible to periodontal disease. Taste buds decline in number, salivary secretions lessen.] 7. Intestines: [Villi become broader, shorter, less functional, nutrient absorption is affected, peristalsis slows.] 8. Immune System: [Skin is thinner and less resistant to bacterial invasion. Less cilia in lungs , friability of urethra. Reduced immunity at cellular level. Decrease in t-cell function and decrease in response to foreign antigens.] What is Kyphosis? [Curvature of the cervical vertebrae that results from reduced bone mineral density] How can you promote Healthy Lungs in older adults? 1. [Obtain pneumonia immunization.] 2. [annual influenza immunization.] 3. [Avoid exposure to smoke and pollutants.] 4. [don't smoke] 5. [avoid persons with respiratory innessess] 6. [prompt treatment of respiratory infections] 7. [Wash hands frequently] 8. [Practice thorough oral hygiene] **Chapter 8: Nutritional Needs** The daily recommended amount of Sodium should be reduced or increased in later life? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Should the older adults increase or decrease the amount of Calcium and Vitamin D? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ How does these affect nutrition? 1. Lifelong eating habits: [Developed out of tradition, ethnicity and religion. Influence food intake.] 2. Socialization: [Social aspect of eating is related to sharing and the feeling of belonging people use Food as a means of giving and receiving love, friendship or belonging] 3. Medication: [Adverse affects that impact dietary intake. Misuse of alcohol has ability to affect absorption of certain nutrients. Interacts with food. Reduced absorption of nutrients] 4. Income: [Strong relationship between pour nutrition and low income. Processed or canned food can be high in sodium and salt content, not supportive for many necessary diets with chronic health conditions.] 5. Transportation: [Available and easily accessible transportation is often a limiting factor for older people to access places where Food is sold or served.] What are the consequences of Protein-Calorie Malnutrition? 1. infections. 2. Pressure injuries 3. Anemia 4. Hypotension 5. Impaired cognition 6. Hip fractures 7. Increased mortality and morbidity. Dental Health in the elderly is a need that is often? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Xerostomia: [Reduced salivary flow often from medications that leads to dry mouth. '] Name risks factors for oral cancer: 1. Tobacco use 2. Alcohol use 3. Pour nutrition 4. H.P.V. (human papillomavirus) infection 5. Immune suppression. How does Dementia affect Nutrition? How can we help the elderly with dementia have better nutrition? [Affects adequate nutrition intake. Loss of weight in dementia caused by physiological changes, cognitive deficits, lack of awareness of need to eat. Deprpression, increased energy consumption from pacing and wandering. Establish a routine so they don't need to remember times/places for eating. Serve well-balanced foods and fluids that person likes and always eaten.] What is dysphagia? [Difficulty swallowing.] Name signs and symptoms of dysphagia: 1. Drooling 2. Difficult labored swallowing 3. Coughing/choking at meals 4. Wet, gargling voice 5. Excessive throat clearing. 6. Aspiration. Fecal Impaction is especially common in? 1. Cognitively impaired 2. Institutionalized older adults **Chapter 9: Hydration and Continence** NPO status in the elderly should be? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name the age related changes in bladder function: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What are the types of urinary incontinence? Describe them. Urge incontinence → overactive bladder, involuntary urine loss after a sudden urge to void, loss of urine in moderate to larg amounts before getting to the toilet. Stress incontinence → outlet incompetence, urine loss after strenuous activity that causes increased use of abdominal muscles. More common in women after childbirth. Overflow incontinence → involuntary loss of urine after over distention of bladder. Caused by neurological disorder that disable bladder from properly contracting. Functional incontinence. → lower urinary system intact but physical barriers exist. Mixed → combination of more than one type Reflex → bladder empties autonomically without sensation to void. Total → continuous and unpredictable loss of urine as result from surgery etc. Negative consequence of long term catheters: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Incontinence is poorly managed due to: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Chapter 10: Rest, Sleep and Activity** Name age-related sleep changes: 1. More time spent in bed awake before falling a sleep. 2. Daytime napping 3. Total sleep time/efficiency is decreased. 4. Rapid eye movement sleep shorter/less intense. 5. Changes in circadian rghthm, early to bed, early to rise. Define sleep apnea: [Repetitive cessation of respiration during steep. More than 10 seconds.] **Chapter 11: Promoting Healthy Skin and Feet** Name the ABCDE rules of Melanoma: A. Asymmetry → one side doesn't match otter B. Border → edges ragged, notched, blurred C. Color → pigment not uniform in color D. Diameter → bigger than The size of a pencil eraser. E. Evolution → change in, size, shape , color, symptoms, surface. Define these common foot problems: Corns: [Cone- shaped, top of toe joints. Prolonged squeezing] Calluses: [Growths of compacted skin from prolonged pressure.] Bunions: [Bony deformities from long standing squeezing together of the big and second toes.] Hammer toes: [Permanently flexed, clawe-like. Muscle imbalance, big toe slanting]. Fungal infections:. [May affect skin of foot and rails.] ***Chapter 12: Maintaining Mobility and Environmental Safety*** Define Sarcopenia: [Loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. Related to aging, contributes to mobility imparments and disability, marker of frailty,] List consequences of immobility: 1. Contractures 2. Pressure injuries 3. Dehydration 4. Isolation and depression 5. Loss of independence. Define Falls: [Event that results in person coming to rest on the ground or other lower level.] Why are falls considered one of the most important Geriatric Syndrome? [One of the leading causes of death among adults over 65, symptom of underlying issue.] Name risk factors contributing to falls: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 5. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Chapter 18: Bone and Joint Health** Define osteoporosis: [Porous bones, low bone mineral density] Define the following: Arthritis: [Term used to refer to more than 100 diseases that affect 4.2 million individuals, number one reason for activity limitations] Osteoarthritis: [Desenative joint disorder. Soft and resilient cartilaginous lining becomes thin and damaged.] Polymyalgia Rheumatica: [Inflammatory disease, causes stiffness, especially in the morning lasts \> 1 hour. Severe stiffness in the neck, shoulders, lower back, buttocks, thighs, rather than joints.] Rheumatoid Arthritis: [Persistent, systemic inflammatory joint disorder.] Gout: [From accumulation of uric acid crystals in a joint, produced when purines found in food breakdown] **Chapter 15: Living with Chronic Health Challenges** Define Acute illness: [Occurs suddenly without warning.] Define Chronic illness: [Conditions that last a year or more and require ongoing medical attention und/or limit activities of daily living.] Define frailty: [Bod has few reserves left and any disturbance can cause multiple health conditions and costs.state of decline in late life, weakness, decreased physiologic reserve. Frail older adults less able to adapt to stressors like, acute illness or] Define Iatrogenic disturbances: [Complication of by product of health care intervention or of the environment.] **Chapter 19: Visual and Auditory Changes** Define Glaucoma: [Elevated intraocular pressure.] Name the possible interventions related to Glaucoma: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What is your priority when you have a patient with Glaucoma? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Cataracts: [Clouding of the ordinarily clear ocular lens.] What would be included in post-operation of Cataract surgery? 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Keratoconjunctivitis: [. Frequent complaint. Dry eyes from diminished tear production with old age. Eye drops] Define Macular Degeneration: [Degenerative eye disease that affects macula, causes progressive loss of central vision, leaving only peripheral vision intact.] Diabetic Retinopathy: [From elevated blood sugar caused by diabetes. Disease of retinal microvasculature, increased vessel permeability, blood and lipid leakage, leads to macular edema and hard exudates.] Define Tinnitus: [Perception of sound in absence of acoustic stimuli\'s may be intermittent or constant. More acute at night or in quiet surroundings.] Name the treatment options for Tinnitus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hapter 20: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders** Define Coronary Heart Disease: [Blockage of arteries of the arteries, arteriosclerosis.,] Define Heart Failure: [Damage to heart from coronary heart disease. Progressive disorder of heart muscle in which the muscle is damaged, malfunctions and can no longer pump enough blood to meet demands of the body] Define COPD: [Encompasses all diseases that affect air flow, athsma, bronchitis, emphysema.] Define Pneumonia: [Bacterial or viral lower respiratory tract infection that causes inflammation of the lung tissue.] **Chapter 21: Cognitive Impairment** Considerations in Cognitive Assessments: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Delirium: [Rapid onset and fluctuating course. Disturbances in consciousness and attention, changes in cognition,] What causes can lead to delirium? 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Dementia: [Irreversible state, progresses over years, affects memory, speech, communication] Define Aphasia: [Partial/ total loss of ability to communicate.] Define Apraxia: [Impaired ability to manipulate objects or perform purposeful acts.] Define Agnosia: [Inability to recognize common objects, familiar faces or sounds.] Define Alzheimer's Disease: [Cerebral degenerative disorder of unknown origin.] How can the Diagnosis of Alzheimer be confirmed? [Brain biopsy during autopsy.] Define Vascular Dementia: [Group of disorders arising from cerebrovascular insufficiency or ishemic or hemorrhagic brain damage.] Define Lewy Body Dementia: [Second most common. Progressive dementia that leads to decline in thinking, reasoning, and independent function. Because of abnormal microscopic deposits that damage brain cells over time] Define Frontotemporal Dementia: [Clinical syndrome associated with shrinking of the anterior frontal and temporal lobes of the brain] What can wandering lead to? 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name signs and symptoms of a Stroke: 1. [Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of body] 2. [Slurred speech, loss of speech, difficulty comprehending speech] 3. [Nausea and vomiting] What is considered a warning sign to a more significant cerebrovascular attack? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Parkinson's Disease: [Cause unknown, degeneration of the neurons of the substance nigra, stopping production of dopamine.] Name the classic signs and symptoms of Parkinson's Disease: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What is the goal of treatments of Parkinson's Disease: [Focuses on relieving symptoms with medication, increasing functional ability, preventing excess disability.] **Chapter 24: Mental Health and Wellness in Later Life** What is considered as mentally healthy? [State of wellbeing in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to mare a contribution to her or his community.] Name the most prevalent mental health problems: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Name the nonpharmalogical interventions for anxiety: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Define Depression: [Most common mental health problem in later life, remains under diagnosed and undertreated. Neurotransmitter imbalances or dysregulation of endocrine function.] Name risk factors for depression in older adults: 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ What is the most significant risk factor for suicide in older adult? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_