Exam Questions PDF

Exam Questions Chapter 14-16 1. What is the function of albumin? a. Immunity b. Required for clotting c. Maintain osmotic pressure of blood d. Transport of nutrients 2. Type O+ blood has which antigens on its red blood cell surface: a. Neither A o...

Exam Questions Chapter 14-16 1. What is the function of albumin? a. Immunity b. Required for clotting c. Maintain osmotic pressure of blood d. Transport of nutrients 2. Type O+ blood has which antigens on its red blood cell surface: a. Neither A or B b. A c. Both A and B d. B 3. White blood cell that releases histamine and heparin to promote inflammation: a. T-Lymphocyte b. Eosinophil c. Neutrophil d. Basophil 4. In this ECG, the highest peaks are mainly due to: a. Atrial Depolarization b. Atrial repolarization c. Ventricular hyperpolarization d. Ventricular Repolarization e. Ventricular Depolarization 5. A person who has type A- blood can receive a transfusion from which of the following? a. Type O+ b. Type AB- c. Type A+ d. Type O- 6. White blood cell that is the most abundant and usually the first to respond to an infection is which of the following? a. Neutrophil b. Basophil c. T-Lymphocyte d. Eosinophil 7. The pulmonary arteries carry a. Oxygen poor/ deoxygenated blood b. Oxygen rich/ oxygenated blood c. Both oxygen rich/ oxygenated blood and oxygen poor/ deoxygenated blood 8. The mitral valve is also known as the ____ valve a. Tricuspid b. Bicuspid c. Pulmonary d. Aortic 9. In the normal sequence of blood flow, after crossing the tricuspid valve, blood should enter the ___ next a. Right atrium b. Right Ventricle c. Coronary Sinus d. Left Ventricle e. Left Atrium 10. The function of the systemic circuit is a. To supply the hearts tissues with oxygenated poor/ deoxygenated blood b. To supply oxygen poor/ deoxygenated blood to the lungs c. To supply the bodys tissues with oxygen rich/ oxygenated blood d. To supply the bodys tissues with oxygen poor/ deoxygenated blood 11. Which of the following is not a blood cell? a. Erythrocyte b. Monocyte c. Leukocyte d. Osteocyte 12. Genetically based anemia tht involves mutant hemoglobin and abnormally shaped red blood cells a. Sickle Cell b. Pernicious c. Aplastic d. Iron Deficiency  e. Hemolytic 13. ____ is a term that refers to stopping or controlling bleeding a. Hemostasis b. Homeostasis c. Thrombosis d. Anticoagulant 14. Another term for blood clotting is coagulation a. True b. False 15. Into which major blood vessel do lymphatic ducts drain? a. Inferior and Superior Vena Cava b. Ascending and Decending Aorta c. Brachiocephalic Artery d. Subclavian Vein 16. A moving blood clot: a. Flotsam b. Aneurysm c. Detritus d. Embolus e. Thrombus 17. Ion most critical to blood clotting regardless of pathway: a. Chloride b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Selenium e. Potassium 18. In the normal sequence of blood flow, oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via pulmonary veins must enter the ____ next a. Right ventricle b. Right Atrium c. Coronary sinus d. Left atrium e. Left ventricle 19. Word segment that means blood: a. Thromb- b. Erythr- c. -crit d. -osis  e. Hemo- 20. ____, or the manufacture of red blood cells, occur in the red bone marrow a. Fibrogenesis b. Hematopoiesis c. Erythropoiesis d. Leukocytosis 21. Long term immunity is mainly a function of ____ T and B Lymphocytes a. Suppressor b. Catatonic c. Monomeric d. Memory 22. The pathology apparent in the ECG: a. Ventricular fibrillation b. Tachycardia c. Cardiac Tamponade d. Atrial Arrest e. Bradycardia 23. The upper chambers of the heart are known as the right and left ____ a. Atria b. Valves c. Septa d. Ventricles 24. Heart attack is also known as: a. Atherosclerosis b. Aneurysm c. Phlebitis d. Myocardial infarction e. Cardiac tamponade 25. The complement proteins from the liver can destroy pathogens by: a. Increased opsonization b. Forming holes in pathogen cell membranes  c. All of the above d. None of the above 26. When your immune system mistakenly targets your own body cells, tissues, and organs, the condition is called: a. Anaphylaxis b. Concurrent redaction c. Immunodeficiency d. Autoimmunity 27. A person with type O negative blood is considered a/an ____ a. Universal recipient b. Hemophiliac c. Autologous donor d. Universal donor 28. Type of innate/non- specific defense involving skin and mucous membranes: a. Phagocytosis b. Fever c. Species resistance d. Mechanical barriers 29. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called the a. Bicuspid valve b. Aortic semilunar valve c. Pulmonary semilunar valve d. Tricuspid valve 30. What are the major blood types? Select all that apply. a. A b. O c. AB d. P e. XY f. Rh g. B 31. Plasma protein mainly involved with the blood clotting process: a. Hemoglobin b. All of the above c. None of the above d. Albumin 32. The blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart and to the lungs is called: a. Pulmonary vein  b. Pulmonary artery c. Coronary artery d. Aorta 33. Granulocyte that is the most abundant leukocyte and usually the first responder to an infection a. Basophil b. Neutrophil c. Eosinophil d. Monocyte 34. Red blood cell: a. Monocyte b. Erythrocyte c. Eosinophil d. Basophil e. Neutrophil 35. Which of the following would not be a part of the innate defenses of the body? a. Fever b. Antibodies c. Phagocytes d. Defensins 36. The ____ carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body a. Pulmonary artery b. Coronary artery c. Vena cava d. Aorta 37. Enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during the clotting process a. Thromboacetylase b. Topoisomerase c. Plasmin d. Thrombin e. Albumin 38. Check all that apply: what factors aid in the return of venous blood to the heart? a. Contraction of skeletal muscle b. Ventricular systole alone c. Valves in veins d. Actions of breathing 39. In centrifuged blood, the top layer contains: a. White blood cells  b. Plasma and red blood cells c. Red blood cells d. Plasma 40. The outer layer of the artery is called the ____ a. Tunica media b. Arteriole c. Tunica intima d. Tunica adventitia 41. Cardiac output is defined as : a. Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each ventricular contraction b. Volume of blood discharged from a ventricle each minute c. Volume of blood that enters the arteries with each atrial contraction d. Volume of blood discharged from an atrium each minute 42. Capillaries are the largest blood vessels a. True b. False 43. A deficiency in the number and/or precentage of red blood cells and the amount of hemoglobin in the blood is called ____ a. Anemia b. Aplastic anemia c. Pernicious anemia d. Sickle cell anemia 44. The pressure measured at the moment of the hearts contraction is the ____, while the lessened force of blood as the ventricles relaxed is called the ____ a. Systolic, diastolic b. Artery, vein c. Diastolic, systolic d. Hypertension, hypotension 45. Where do B cells mature? a. Lymph nodes b. Red blood marrow c. Thymus d. Spleen 46. Type of vessel mainly involved with nutrient, gas, and waste exchange between blood and interstitial fluid a. Venule b. Vein c. Capillary  d. Artery e. Arteriole 47. Process of making pathogens and their antigens more “tasty” to phagocytes a. Neutralization b. Chemotaxis c. Opsonization d. Diapedisis 48. Blood in the coronary sinus empties into: a. Left ventricle b. Right ventricle c. Right atrium d. Left atrium e. Aorta 49. Blockage of lymphatic vessels or nodes will increase the risk of abnormal tissue swelling called: a. Edema b. Coloboma c. Lymphoma d. Hematoma 50. The name of the blood vessel that supplies the myocardium is the a. Coronary sinus b. Pulmonary artery c. Subclavian artery d. Coronary artery e. Aorta 51. The blood vessel that brings blood to the right atrium is called the a. Vena cava b. Aorta c. Pulmonary vein d. Pulmonary artery 52. When blood passes through the tricuspid valve where will the blood be? a. Right atrium b. Right ventricle c. Left atrium d. Left ventricle e. Coronary sinus 53. Type AB+ blood has which antibodies in its plasma a. All the above  b. Anti B c. Anti A d. Anti D e. None of the above 54. A pregnant women is breast feeding her child and her child is getting antibodies from the mothers milk. What immunity is this? a. Naturally aquired active immunity b. Artificially acquired passive immunity c. Artificially acquired active immunity d. Naturally acquired passive immunity 55. The right and left ventricles contract at the same time a. True b. False 56. Layer of the heart wall that is the thickest and contains cardiac muscle cells a. Myocardium b. Pericardium c. Endocardium d. Chonrocardium e. Epicardium 57. Characteristics of a secondary immune response a. Low intensity and rapid onset b. Low intesity and delayed onset c. High intensity and delayed onset d. High intensity and rapid onset 58. The valves associated with the right side of the heart are a. The mitral (bicuspid) valve and the aortic valve b. The mitral (bicuspid) valve and the pulmonary valve c. The tricuspid valve and the pulmonary valve d. The tricuspid valve and the aortic valve 59. The first heart sound is the a. The opening of the semilunar valves b. Opening of the AV valves c. The closing of the semilunar valves d. The closing of the AV valves 60. Type AB+ blood has which antibodies in its plasma a. Anti A b. Anti B c. Anti D  d. All of the above e. None of the above 61. The pacemaker of the heart is known as the a. AV node b. SA node c. Bundle branches d. Purkinje fibers 62. Part of the blood plama a. None of the above b. Leukocytes c. Erythrocytes d. All of the above 63. The function of thrombocytes is to a. Phagocytize pathogenic bacteria b. Create platelet plug c. Produce antibodies d. Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide 64. The characteristic symptoms of inflammation are redness, swelling, and pain a. True b. False 65. Major secretory antibody found in saliva, tears, and milk a. IgM b. IgA c. IgE d. IgD e. IgG 66. Water makes up about 75 percent of the total volume of plasma a. True b. False 67. Erythrocytes live approximately ____ days a. 120 b. 60 c. 90 d. 30 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. E 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. E 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. D 28. D 29. D 30. A, B,C,G 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. B 35. B 36. D 37. D 38. A, C, D 39. D 40. D 41. B 42. B  43. A 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. C 48. C 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. E 54. D 55. A 56. A 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. E 61. B 62. A 63. B 64. A 65. B 66. B 67. A Chapter 17, 19 1. Volume of air that remains in the lungs no matter how hard you try to exhale: a. Residual volume b. Expiratory reserve volume c. Tidal volume d. Vital capasity e. Inspiratory reserve volume 2. Digestive system organ that is also part of the respiratory system a. Liver b. Mouth c. Pancreas d. Stomach  e. Esophagus 3. Which layer of the digestive system’s alimentary canal will contain the circular and longitudinal smooth muscles? a. Mucosa b. Muscularis c. Serosa d. Submucosa 4. Large intestine mainly absorbs ____ in order to form more compact solid feces. a. Amino acids b. Glucose c. Fatty acids d. Glycerol e. Water 5. Volume of air exchanged upon normal breathing at rest a. Vital capasity b. Inspiratory reserve volume c. Tidal volume d. Residual volume e. Expiratory reserve volume 6. Air in the plural space: a. Pneumonia b. Hemothorax c. Emphysema d. Pneumothorax 7. Increasing tension on the vocal cords a. Changes vocal pitch (frequency) b. Provides a reverb effect to the vocals c. Provides delay effect to the vocals d. Changes vocal timbre (quality) e. Changes vocal volume (amplitude) 8. Layer of the gi tract wall that is in immediate contact with food a. Muscularis externa b. Mucosa c. Submucosa d. Varicella e. Serosa 9. Teeth shaped mainly for tearing/ripping off chunks of food a. Wisdom  b. Molars c. Tricuspids d. Incisors e. Bicuspids 10. Which section of the small intestine is where the major accessory organs will secret their products into and is c shaped? a. Pylorus b. Duodenum c. Ileum d. Jejunum 11. What is the name of the substance that will make pancreatic juice more alkaline and buffer stomach acid? a. Pancreatic lipase b. Chyme c. Bicarbonate ions d. Pancreatic amylase 12. Makes bile, processes recently absorbed nutrients, and detoxifies certain substances a. Liver b. Stomach c. Large intestine d. Small intestine e. Mouth 13. The hormone released to decrease gastric motility and increase pancreatic juice secretion high in enzymes a. Bicarbonate ions b. Secretin c. Aldosterone d. Cholecystokinin 14. What is the correct order for the small intestine? a. Ileum, duodenum, jejunum b. Jejunum, ileum, duodenum c. Ileum, jejunum, duodenum d. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum 15. Substance that breaks up surface tension of water in alveoli a. Intrinsic factor b. Surfactant c. Digitalis  d. Ammonia 16. Finger like projections of the small intestine that increase surface area a. Verniculi b. Papillae c. Sercae d. Villi e. Rugae 17. Gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillary blood occurs by a. Facilitated diffusion b. Simple diffusion c. Osmosis d. Active transport 18. Mechanical digestion of food begins in the a. Small intestine b. Mouth c. Liver d. Stomach e. Large intesting 19. Clearance of particles from the trachea and other large respiratory tubes mainly involves a. The actions of chromatin and topoisomerase b. Osmium tetroxide and surfactant flow c. Pleural effusion d. The actions of mucus and cilia 20. Major function of the pancreas a. Make bicarbonate b. Make digestive enzymes c. Make hormones d. All of the above e. None of the above 21. A condition of the digestive system that refers to an inflammation of the liver a. Hepatitis b. Ulcerative colitis c. Diverticulosis d. Crohns disease 22. Which of the following is a pancreatic secretion that will break down protein in the small intestine? a. Nuclease  b. Trypsin c. Pancreatic lipase d. Pepsin 23. Hormone that increases bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas a. Insulin b. Cholecystokinin c. Glucagon d. Secretin e. ACTH 24. Considered the main breathing muscle a. Pectoralis minor b. Pectoralis major c. Rectus abdominis d. Diaphragm 25. Respiratory center of the brain is located in the a. Occipital lobe and temporal lobe b. Thalamus and hypothalamus c. Basal ganglia and hippocampus d. Medulla oblongata and pons 26. Which of the following enzymes is present in secretions of the mouth and pancreas? a. Lipase b. Lactase c. Amylase d. Trypsin 27. Innermost portion of the tooth that is highly vascularized and innervated a. Gingiva b. Enamel c. Dentin d. Pulp cavity 28. Organ where most nutrient absorption occurs a. Pancreas b. Esophagus c. Small intestine d. Stomach e. Large intestine 29. Pathological reflux (heart burn) occurs when acid backs up through the a. Anal sphincter  b. Cardiac sphincter c. Sphincter of oddi d. Sphincter of garfield e. Ileocecal sphincter 30. Major function of nasal cavity a. Warm inhaled air b. Humidify inhaled air c. All of the above d. None of the above 31. The structure at the end of the bronchial tree where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs is the a. Lymph node b. Bronchiole c. Alveolus d. Trachea 32. The lower end of the trachea divides into the a. Sinus cavity b. Right bronchus and left broncus c. Alveoli d. Bronchioles 33. As we swallow the ____ closes off the opening to the ____ a. Soft palate, nasal cavity b. Epiglottis, esophagus c. Soft palate, trachea d. Epiglottis, cecum 34. Most accurate sequence of air flow into lungs a. Trachea > bronchi > bronchioles > alveoli b. Larynx > trachea > alveoli > bronchioles c. Trachea > bronchioles > bronchi > alveoli d. Bronchi > trachea > bronchioles > alveoli e. Larynx > bronchi > trachea > bronchioles 35. The largest amount of carbon dioxide is transported a. As carbon anhydrase b. As bicarbonate c. Dissolved in blood d. Combined with hemoglobin 36. All of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system except a. Liver  b. Salivary glands c. Pancreas d. Cecum 37. Intrinsic factor is secreted by a. Pancreatic cells b. Salivary glands c. Parietal cells d. Chief cells e. Lips 38. Hormone that increases digestive enzyme secretion from the pancreas and gallbladder contraction a. ACTH b. Cholecystokinin c. Insulin d. Secretin e. Glucagon 39. Exchanging gasses between blood and tissue fluids a. Transcendental respiration b. External respiration c. Internal respiration d. Occidental respiration 40. Chemical digestion of carbohydrates and lipids begins in the a. Stomach b. Small intestine c. Mouth d. Large intestine e. Liver 41. Sphincter located between the stomach and small intestine a. Pyloric b. Cardiac c. Oral d. Anal e. Ileocecal 42. This will buffer the pH of stomach acid a. Chyme b. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) c. Intrinsic factor d. Bicarbonate ions 43. Increased CO2 in blood leads to a. Increased H+ and higher pH b. Increased OH- and higher pH c. Increased H+ and lower pH d. Increased OH- and lower pH 44. Reflex that increases the urge to defecate after a meal a. Enterogastric b. Gastrocolic c. Vomiting d. Micturition e. Ileopyloric 45. Gases exchange in the lungs have to cross the respiratory membrane which consists of a. 2 layers simple squamous epithelium and 2 layers of smooth muscle b. 2 layers of simple squamous epithelium and 2 layers of baasement membrane c. 1 layer simple squamous epithelium d. 1 layer simple squamous epithelium and its basement membrane e. 1 layer basement membrane 46. The lungs are covered with a thin moist serous membrane called the a. Pericardium b. Mesentery c. Peritoneum d. Pleura 47. Direction of gas flow between the environment and the lungs mainly determined by a. Pressure differences b. Acid – base balance c. Electrical potential d. Buffer capacity e. Surfactant volume 48. Pepsinogen is secreted by a. Parietal cells b. Pancreatic cells c. Salivary glands d. Lips e. Chief cells 49. Vocal cords are in the a. Trachea  b. Oral cavity c. Pharynx d. Larynx 50. At rest, normal expiration relies mainly on a. Passive expansion of the chest wall b. Sternocleidomastoid muscle contractions c. Contraction of the diaphragm d. External intercostal muscle contractions e. Passive recoil of lungs and abdominal organs 51. An accessory muscle of exhalation a. Pectoralis major b. Rectus abdominis c. Pectoralis minor d. Rectus femoris 52. The major function of bile is to ____? a. Denature proteins b. Transmogrify water c. Increase ATP production d. Emulsify fats 53. Alveolar PCO2 = 50 mm Hg , Capillary PCO2 = 45 mm Hg , Alveolar PO2 = 120mm Hg , Capillary PO2 = 100 mm Hg. Which will be true a. O2 will move from alveolus to capillary, but CO2 will move from capillary to alveolus b. CO2 and O2 will move from capillary to alveolus c. CO2 and O2 will move from alveolus to capillary d. CO2 will move from alveolus to capillary, but O2 will move from capillary to alveolus 54. Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest inhalation possible a. Inspiratory reserve volume b. Tidal volume c. Expiratory reserve volume d. Vital capacity e. Residual volume 55. The type of epithelium found in the alveoli is a. Simple squamous b. Pseudostratified c. Ciliated columnar  d. Simple cuboidal 56. Direction of gas flow between the external environment and the lungs is mainly determined by a. Surfactant volume b. Pressure differences c. Buffer capacity d. Electrical potential 57. Reflex that shows gastric emptying a. Enterogastric b. Vomiting c. Micturation d. Gastrocolic e. Ileopyloric 58. Major function of the gallbladder a. Make bile b. Store bile c. Isomerize bile d. All of the above e. None of the above ANSWERS: 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. E 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. E 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. B 39. C 40. C 41. A 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. E 49. D 50. E 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. D 55. A  56. D 57. A 58. B Chapter 20-22 1.