Exam 5 Learning Objectives PDF

Learning objectives for exam 5 Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes (approximately half of the exam) Describe how replica plating can be used to identify certain lac operon mutants Explain what a “constitutive” mutant is Explain how “partial diploid” mutants provide evidence for negat...

Learning objectives for exam 5 Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes (approximately half of the exam) Describe how replica plating can be used to identify certain lac operon mutants Explain what a “constitutive” mutant is Explain how “partial diploid” mutants provide evidence for negative control acting through a combination of a protein (repressor) and a DNA sequence (operator) Define ”operon” Explain how, and why, glucose levels regulate expression of the lac operon Distinguish positive and negative control, and explain the value of the combination Relate environmental conditions to the state of the lac operon Explain the fundamental similarities and differences between the lac and trp operons Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes (approximately a quarter of the exam) Explain what genomic imprinting is, its effect on gene expression, and molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modification Explain how DNAase-susceptibility experiments provide evidence of chromatin structure at particular loci, interpret such experimental data, and predict chromatin structure in relation to gene expression Define distal and proximal; explain the role of enhancers and promotor proximal elements in tissue-specific and coordinated gene expression Explain how the iron response element example illustrates UTR regulation of gene expression and at precisely which levels Describe what RNA-interference is, ways in which microRNAs (miRNA) can silence gene expression, and a natural role of miRNA Explain the value of regulating gene expression at early versus late points CRISPR/Cas (approximately 20% of the exam) Describe what CRISPR and Cas9 are, their natural function and location, and how CRISPR targets Cas9 Explain which parts of CRISPR/Cas are typically being exploited to alter eukaryotic genes and the required modification to Cas9 Distinguish non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homology directed repair (HDR), noting their significance following Cas9 activity Understand examples of Cas9 gene editing, interpreting studies involving methods and principles that you’ve learned in Bio 2100 Explain the challenges that remain in exploiting Cas9 editing in humans Lab connections (approximately 5% of the exam) Relate observations of bacterial transformation to DNA sequences on the plasmid used for transformation Explain how new alleles may arise as illustrated with the TAS2R38 example Relate DNA sequence data (chromatograms) to genotype