EVS Presentation: Environmental Science (NEP)

SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT, SAVE THE EARTH Dr. S. S. Butoliya, Department of  Syllabus for B. Tech. Semester I/II Computer Science Engineering and Allied Branches, IT Course Code CHT1001/CHT2001 Category Basic Science Course Course Title Environmental...

SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT, SAVE THE EARTH Dr. S. S. Butoliya, Department of  Syllabus for B. Tech. Semester I/II Computer Science Engineering and Allied Branches, IT Course Code CHT1001/CHT2001 Category Basic Science Course Course Title Environmental Science Scheme L T P Credits &Credits Semester I/ 1 0 0 1 II  Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur Environmental Science Course Outcomes After successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: CO1: Explain sustainable development, its goals, targets, challenges and global strategies for sustainable development CO2: Analyze the utilization of green computing technology for environmental issues Unit 1: Sustainable Engineering Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Science, air and water pollution; solid waste management; local and global environmental challenges; climate change; sustainable cities; sustainable sources of energy, Introduction to the idea of sustainability and its relevance; environment-related legislation; Green Chemistry Unit 2: E-Waste and Green Computing E-waste Management: Sources, Legislation, Prevention, Control, Recent developments. Waste due to Nano-materials and Micro-Plastics. Green Computing: Green Computing, Computing in Environment and Research, Green devices and Green data Servers. Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur Environmental Science Unit 1: Sustainable Engineering Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Science, air and water pollution; solid waste management; local and global environmental challenges; climate change; sustainable cities; sustainable sources of energy, Introduction to the idea of sustainability and its relevance; environment-related legislation; Green Chemistry  Introduction – “If you plan for one year, plant rice, if you plan for 10 years plant trees and if you plan for 100 years, educate people” – So, if we want to manage our earth, we must make people environmentally educated – Definition: Environmental Studies is the scientific study of the environmental system and the status of its changes on organism – Environment can be defined as the circumstances or conditions that surrounds an organism – Environmental Sciences, is the systematic study of our environment and existence in it  Framework for addressing environmental problem Scientific Assessment: Scientific Assessment Collection of information, data, simulations , model, predict the future Risk Analysis: Results from simulations are analyzed. Potential Risk Analysis effects Public Education and involvement: Through publications, awareness through media Public Education and Explanation of the problem along with probable Involvement cost Political Action: Course of Action Political Action Evaluation: Actions to be evaluated, monitored Improve the initial assessment Evaluation  Objectives of environmental studies Awareness – To help people acquire an awareness of and a sensitivity to the total environment and its allied problems Knowledge – To help people acquire basic understanding of the total environment and associated problems Attitude – To help people acquire social values, strong feelings of concern for the environment and the motivation to act in protecting and improving Skills – To help people acquire the skills for identifying and solving environmental problems Evaluation Ability – Evaluate environmental measures and education programs Participation – Active involvement at all levels in working towards resolving environmental problems  Importance of Environmental Studies  Conservation of energy by introduction alternate sources, improved technologies, processes compatible with environment  Increase in economic productivity through improved health of people  Conservation of fast depleting natural resources  New ways and means to maintain ecological balance  Knowledge about waste management, treatment and disposal techniques  Social responsibility towards control of environmental pollution and protection  Outline  Definition  Scope and Importance  Need for public Awareness  The Environment and Environmental Science: – Earth may seem enormous, but it and its systems are finite and limited – We can change Earth and damage its systems Environment - all of the biotic and abiotic things around us – Biotic - living things – Abiotic – non-living things – We are dependent on Earth for our survival therefore we need a healthy, functioning planet Natural systems have been degraded by pollution, soil erosion, species extinction, etc. – Environmental changes threaten long-term health and survival – Environmental science - interdisciplinary study of how natural world works, how we affect environment, how environment affects us Natural sciences – studies natural world Social sciences – studies values and human behavior  Natural resources – materials and energy sources we take from environment to survive – Renewable natural resources – resources that replenish over a fairly short period of time Some continually renew Some take years to decades to renew – Nonrenewable natural resources - resources with finite supply Millions of years needed renew – Renewability is best understood as a continuum, resources with potential for renewal can be depleted when used faster than replenished  Importance of Ecosystems Services: – Ecosystems services - processes carried out by naturally functioning ecosystems that supports living things and makes human economic activity possible Air and water purification Nutrient cycling Climate regulation Plant pollination Waste recycling  The Connection Between Population Growth and Resource Consumption: – Currently over 7 billion 9 billion by 2050 – ~ 10,000 years ago agricultural revolution Society shifted from hunter-gatherer to agriculture – Plant cultivation and selective breeding = greater food production, food stability – ~300 years ago, industrial revolution Mid 1800s, wide use of machines, industry and agriculture grew rapidly – Spurred by the use of fossil fuels (non-renewable energy resources including oil, coal, natural gas Both events accelerated population growth and increase resource consumption – Ecological footprint – the total area of biologically productive land and water needed to produce resources and absorb wastes of a person or population – Currently we are using 2.7 ha/person creating global deficit of 50% – Renewable resources are being used 50% faster than replenished – Overshoot – human demand is exceeding nature’s ability to provide Compare demand to biocapacity it is currently taking natural resources of 1.5 Earth’s to support humanity  The Lesson of Easter Island: – Resource consumption and population growth are impacting today’s global society – Past civilizations have collapsed after degrading their environment Easter Island was once lush but degradation led to collapse today scientists debate over the exact cause of the island’s environmental fate – Civilizations succeed or fail based on how they interact with their environment and how problems are solved  The Scientific Method The Nature of Science: – Science – an organized method for learning about the world and testing our knowledge of it Science is necessary to sort fact from fiction and develop solutions to problems we are facing – It must be accessible and understandable to the public  Observational (descriptive) science - information is gathered about our world through measuring and observation – Used in astronomy, paleontology, taxonomy, plate tectonics Hypothesis-driven science = targeted research – Experiments test hypotheses using the scientific method Scientists make observations and ask questions about some phenomenon  Hypothesis - a statement that attempts to answer the question – Hypothesis generates predictions – specific statements that can be directly tested Controlled experiment – an experiment where variables are controlled Control – the unchanged which is used for comparison Variable - condition that can change Independent variable - the variable that can be changed Dependent variable - the outcome of the independent variable  Dependent variable - the outcome of the independent variable Results will support the hypothesis Theory – a well tested and generally accepted explanation of a phenomena  Sustainability and our Future Concepts of Sustainability and Sustainable Development: – Sustainability – the idea that we must live within our planet’s resources and ability to provide for us and all life Sustainability involves: – Resource conservation – Maintaining ecological systems – Development of long-term solutions that sustain our civilization and all life in future » This will allow our descendants to live at least as well as we have  Natural capital – the total wealth of Earth’s natural resources – We are currently living on natural capital when we need to live on natural interest Population growth has slowed but 200,000 people added to Earth’s population daily contributing to increasing demands on resources and the environment  Impacts of Population and Consumption: – Deforestation and soil erosion from agriculture – Increased urban sprawl – Reduction of freshwater supply – Increased air and water pollution – Increased waste generation – toxic and non- toxic – Reduced supplies of mineral and ore deposits – Climate change – Loss of biodiversity  Sustainable Solutions Abound: – Renewable energy and energy efficiency innovations – Agriculture reform – Laws for reducing pollution and protection of the environment – Increased recycling and decreasing waste production – Reducing the amount of greenhouse gas emitted  Campus Sustainability: – Colleges and universities contribute up to 2% of total carbon emissions in the US Many campuses have extensive infrastructures – Student led organizations are taking initiatives to reducing footprint  WHAT IS POLLUTION  Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem.  King Edward I made the first anti-pollution law in 1273  Main causes are transportation systems and industries  Air pollution Act was passed in 1981 in India  Bhopal Gas Tragedy on Dec. 2nd, 1984 Pollutants are solid, liquid or gaseous substances present in greater than natural abundance, produced due to human activity, which have detrimental effect on our environment.  TYPES OF POLLUTANTS 1. Degradable or non-persistent pollutants: Those which are rapidly broken down by natural processes e.g. domestic sewage, discarded vegetables, etc. 2. Slowly-degradable or persistent pollutants: These remain in the environment for many years in an unchanged condition and take decades or longer to degrade e.g. DDT and most plastics 3. Non-degradable pollutants: These cannot be degraded by natural processes. They are difficult to eradicate and continue to accumulate. e.g. toxic elements like lead or mercury and nuclear wastes  TYPES OF POLLUTION Air Pollution Water Pollution Thermal Pollution Noise pollution Soil Pollution Nuclear Pollution  AIR POLLUTION ‘Contamination of the atmosphere due to substances such as dust, gases, S.P.M. etc is called as air pollution’.  Air Pollutants Primary air pollutants - Materials that when released pose health risks in their unmodified forms or those emitted directly from identifiable sources. Secondary air pollutants - Primary pollutants interact with one another, sunlight, or natural gases to produce new, harmful compounds  Primary Air Pollutants Five major materials released directly into the atmosphere in unmodified forms. – Carbon monoxide – Sulfur dioxide – Nitrogen oxides – Hydrocarbons – Particulate matter  Carbon Monoxide Produced by burning of organic material (coal, gas, wood, trash, etc.) Automobiles biggest source (80%) Cigarette smoke another major source Toxic because binds to hemoglobin, reduces oxygen in blood Not a persistent pollutant, combines with oxygen to form CO2 Most communities now meet EPA standards, but rush hour traffic can produce high CO levels  Sulfur Dioxide Produced by burning sulfur containing fossil fuels (coal, oil) Coal-burning power plants major source Reacts in atmosphere to produce acids One of the major components of acid rain When inhaled, can be very corrosive to lung tissue London – 1952 “killer fog”: 4,000 people died in 4 weeks tied to sulfur compounds in smog  Nitrogen Oxides Produced from burning of fossil fuels Contributes to acid rain, smog Automobile engine main source New engine technology has helped reduce, but many more cars  Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons - organic compounds with hydrogen, carbon From incomplete burning or evaporated from fuel supplies Major source is automobiles, but some from industry Contribute to smog Improvements in engine design have helped reduce  Particulates Particulates - small pieces of solid materials and liquid droplets (2.5 mm and 10 mm) Examples: ash from fires, asbestos from brakes and insulation, dust Easily noticed: e.g. smokestacks Can accumulate in lungs and interfere with the ability of lungs to exchange gases. Some particulates are known carcinogens Those working in dusty  Conti….. Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM) – PM1 having size