Ethics Reviewer2 PDF

### Ethics Reviewer - Multiple Choice Questions 1. **Ethics** is derived from which Greek word? A. Ethos B. Logos C. Pathos D. Telos 2. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of ethics according to philosophy? A. Humans are rational B. Humans are free C. Humans are motivated sol...

### Ethics Reviewer - Multiple Choice Questions 1. **Ethics** is derived from which Greek word? A. Ethos B. Logos C. Pathos D. Telos 2. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of ethics according to philosophy? A. Humans are rational B. Humans are free C. Humans are motivated solely by desires D. Humans are passionate 3. **Morality** is best described as the quality of human acts by which we call them: A. Legal or illegal B. Right, wrong, or indifferent C. Fast or slow D. Strong or weak 4. What is NOT considered a **Human Act**? A. Heartbeat B. Deliberate decision-making C. Voluntary helping D. Intentional action 5. Which component is NOT part of a **moral act**? A. Intention or motive  B. Means of the act C. External environment D. End of the act 6. Which theory judges actions by their causal consequences? A. Categorical Imperative B. Utilitarianism C. Situation Ethics D. Authoritarian Ethics 7. According to **Utilitarianism**, an action is morally right if it: A. Follows cultural traditions B. Produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number C. Aligns with religious standards D. Is performed out of duty 8. One criticism of **Utilitarianism** is that it: A. Upholds human rights at all times B. Justifies violations of human rights for majority happiness C. Disregards outcomes entirely D. Focuses only on personal intent 9. **Categorical Imperative** emphasizes that one should act only on maxims that: A. Benefit oneself B. Could become a universal law C. Are socially acceptable D. Promote happiness 10. Which ethical principle involves treating others as ends in themselves, not merely as means?  A. Utilitarianism B. Situational Ethics C. Respect for Persons D. Consequentialism 11. **Categorical Imperative** was developed by: A. John Stuart Mill B. Jeremy Bentham C. Immanuel Kant D. Friedrich Nietzsche 12. What is a central problem of the **Categorical Imperative** theory? A. It encourages complete selfishness B. It sets standards that may be attainable only by "angels and saints" C. It ignores personal motivation D. It dismisses rationality 13. A key question in **Universalizability** is: A. Can I act in a way that solely benefits me? B. Will others approve of my action? C. Do I want others to do the same in my situation? D. Will this action maximize happiness? 14. According to **Categorical Imperative**, moral worth comes from: A. The result of the action alone B. The intention behind the action C. The popularity of the action D. The number of people who benefit 15. In **Categorical Imperative**, treating humanity as an end in itself means: A. Valuing people for what they can do for us B. Acknowledging people’s intrinsic worth C. Using people as tools for achieving goals D. Avoiding actions that harm oneself 16. In **Situational Ethics**, a moral action is judged by: A. Its adherence to absolute rules B. The specific context and situation C. Its universal applicability D. The number of people involved 17. Which is a problem associated with **Situational Ethics**? A. It applies universal rules to every case B. It presumes what one believes to be right is correct C. It ignores the impact of culture D. It is solely based on happiness 18. **Prima Facie Duties** are: A. Universal duties across all situations B. Circumstantial duties that vary by situation C. Obligations only in life-threatening scenarios D. Optional moral suggestions 19. The **Duty of Fidelity** means: A. Fulfilling promises and agreements B. Repaying debts C. Avoiding harm to others D. Prioritizing self-improvement 20. The **Duty of Self-Improvement** emphasizes: A. Helping others before oneself B. Enhancing personal virtues and intelligence C. Avoiding all social interactions D. Focusing solely on professional growth 21. **Authoritarian Ethics** is based on: A. Individual freedom B. Maximizing happiness C. Compliance with authority D. Universal laws 22. **Self-Realization Ethics** promotes: A. Pursuing personal maximum potential B. Compliance with societal rules C. Absolute obedience to laws D. Minimizing individual effort 23. Which theory argues that morality is not absolute but relative? A. Authoritarian Ethics B. Pragmatism C. Categorical Imperative D. Utilitarianism 24. **Cultural Relativism** suggests that what is morally right or wrong: A. Is universally fixed B. Varies according to cultural norms C. Remains constant across societies  D. Is determined by legal standards only 25. The **Communist Ethics** model emphasizes: A. Unequal distribution of goods B. Class distinctions C. Equal distribution of goods and services D. Sole focus on profit 26. **Work** is primarily defined as: A. An activity done for leisure B. Sustained mental or physical effort C. A temporary occupation D. Voluntary service to society 27. **Employment** is characterized by: A. A temporary role without payment B. Being hired and compensated by an employer C. Participation in volunteer work D. A purely self-fulfilling pursuit 28. Which type of work is commonly associated with regular tasks performed as a result of specialized training? A. Occupation B. Labor C. Profession D. Leisure 29. The evolution of **work** led to a significant social shift due to: A. The decline of agriculture  B. Industrialization and technological advances C. Increased focus on social events D. The rise of political reforms 30. In modern economies, the **ruling class** typically consists of: A. Factory workers B. Capitalist businessmen and employers C. Farmers and laborers D. Academics and researchers 31. The perception of **Work as Divine Punishment** is rooted in: A. Ancient Greek mythology B. Early Christian traditions C. Islamic teachings D. Modern secularism 32. Viewing **work as a right** implies that: A. Only certain people should have access to employment B. Everyone has an inherent right to work C. Work is a privilege D. Work should not be regulated 33. **Work as a Determinant of Personal Qualities** suggests that: A. A person’s job reflects their character and skills B. Work has no impact on personal development C. Work should always be easy and enjoyable D. One’s character is fixed, regardless of job 34. According to **Karl Marx**, society can be divided into which two main classes?  A. Upper and lower classes B. Managers and workers C. Laborers and capitalists D. Academics and professionals 35. When work serves as a **Basis for Cooperation**, it implies: A. Competition among workers B. Unity between employees and employers C. Complete independence from others D. Total reliance on management 36. **Personal and societal values** influence work by: A. Defining clear work boundaries B. Guiding decisions and actions in the workplace C. Limiting career choices D. Mandating work locations 37. A **Code of Ethics** helps ensure: A. Employees avoid decision-making B. Professionals uphold high standards C. Fewer opportunities for career growth D. Strict obedience to employers 38. **Professional Associations** are formed to: A. Establish higher standards for professional practices B. Replace all forms of legal regulations C. Create informal work environments D. Control individual professions completely 39. **Religion** influences work by promoting values that: A. Prioritize wealth over everything B. Define work as an act of service to a higher purpose C. Are universally secular D. Have no impact on individual choices 40. **Public Opinion and Perception** affect the quality of work because: A. Employers ignore public opinion B. It pressures workers to uphold a positive image C. It only affects low-level employees D. It has no lasting effect on work performance 41. Prof. John Holland developed a personality format known as: A. SMART B. MBTI C. RISEC D. ROPES 42. A **Realistic** personality type prefers: A. Working with data B. Managing people and data C. Working with tangible things D. Pursuing abstract ideas 43. Someone with an **Investigative** personality is likely to work in: A. Customer service B. Medical or scientific fields  C. Administrative assistance D. Construction 44. The **Enterprising** personality type prefers roles in: A. Data management only B. Sales and leadership C. Technical operations D. Creative arts 45. **Conventional** personality types are well-suited for roles such as: A. Accountants or administrative assistants B. Designers or architects C. Construction workers D. Entertainers 46. **Workplace** is defined as: A. Any public gathering B. A place where one performs work duties C. An area reserved solely for relaxation D. A place of personal leisure 47. Which type of activities in the workplace are considered **Formal Activities**? A. Preparing payroll and managing files B. Socializing during breaks C. Engaging in leisure activities D. Participating in after-hours social events 48. **Non-Formal Activities** in the workplace often include: A. Official meetings  B. Social customs C. Department briefings D. Report writing 49. **Workplace culture** is significantly shaped by: A. Local community events B. International treaties C. Differences in political, economic, and cultural factors D. Personal habits outside of work 50. In the workplace, **high productivity** has been attributed to: A. Strict individualism B. Cooperative management practices C. Heavy reliance on written instructions D. Minimal employee interaction 51. One transformation in the modern workplace is: A. Decreased use of information technology B. Increasing skill requirements for workers C. Complete elimination of family responsibilities D. Reduced gender diversity 52. **Gender diversity** in the workplace has led to: A. Fewer job opportunities for women B. Greater participation of women in the workforce C. Restricted roles for men D. Limited access to higher positions for everyone 53. The inclusion of **safety and insurance** measures in advanced nations has:  A. Made workplaces completely risk-free B. Made workplaces less labor-intensive C. Decreased productivity D. Completely eliminated all workplace accidents 54. **Privacy** policies allow employers to: A. Intrude on all aspects of an employee’s life B. Monitor employee performance responsibly C. Ignore workplace boundaries D. Make all employee decisions independently 55. Which group entered the workforce in larger numbers during the 1970s, raising concerns of work- family balance? A. Teenagers B. Married women C. Retired employees D. International workers 56. An **employer** is primarily: A. A person who provides unpaid work B. Someone who provides compensation for labor C. A person who is always self-employed D. The same as a laborer 57. According to Professor Agapay, **Basic Duties of Employers** include: A. Ignoring employees’ personal needs B. Treating workers with dignity and respect C. Prioritizing profit over all else D. Encouraging competition among workers 58. **Workers** are expected to: A. Challenge their employer’s authority regularly B. Consort with agitators C. Work honestly and comply with agreements D. Compete unethically with others 59. Which of the following is NOT a **common cause of disputes** between workers and employers? A. Wage and salary issues B. Lack of job security C. Excessive vacation time D. Poor working conditions 60. Conflicts among **workers** often arise due to: A. Supervisors’ interventions B. Personal disagreements and interests C. Absence of disputes entirely D. Strict adherence to regulations 61. **Ethical standards** are primarily designed to promote values such as: A. Distrust and competition B. Fairness, trust, and kindness C. Individual success only D. Indifference to others 62. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ethical standards? A. Loyalty to the company B. Obedience to authority C. Total freedom from reason  D. Prudence and self-discipline 63. Ethical standards have two social functions, one of which is to: A. Allow people to justify unethical behavior B. Provide acceptable justifications for actions and policies C. Ensure personal profit above all D. Limit freedom of expression 64. A potential problem with ethical standards is that: A. They are universally applied without exceptions B. People may use them to pursue personal interests C. They have legal power to enforce compliance D. They rely on financial incentives 65. **Prudence** is defined as the ability to: A. Prioritize financial success B. Control oneself through reason C. Avoid work challenges D. Seek pleasure without limit 66. **Ethical standards based on utility** are primarily focused on: A. Individual rights B. Social benefits and costs C. Religious practices D. Economic gain only 67. Standards based on **moral rights** evaluate actions based on: A. How much pleasure they bring B. Protection of individuals’ rights and freedoms  C. Popularity among the masses D. Financial outcomes 68. Which type of ethical standard is concerned with fair distribution of society’s benefits and burdens? A. Utility B. Rights C. Justice D. Capitalism 69. **Positive rights** are defined by duties of others to: A. Avoid interfering with personal freedom B. Provide necessary resources for one’s pursuits C. Restrict the person’s choices D. Encourage competition 70. The **right to privacy** is an example of a: A. Positive right B. Negative right C. Legal right only D. Neutral right 71. Which type of right is given by a country’s legal system and limited to its jurisdiction? A. Constitutional rights B. Statutory rights C. Legal rights D. Moral rights 72. **Moral-natural rights** are considered universal because they: A. Are specific to one culture  B. Depend on legal systems C. Apply to all humans by virtue of being human D. Are defined by economic principles 73. The **principle of reciprocity** is expressed by which phrase? A. “Survival of the fittest” B. “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” C. “Win at all costs” D. “Act only in self-interest” 74. **Constitutional rights** are defined as rights: A. Protected by international treaties B. Limited to government officials C. Granted and protected by a nation’s constitution D. Specific to corporate environments 75. A **statutory right** includes: A. Rights protected by public opinion B. Rights given by the people’s representatives in legislation C. Duties assigned by private companies D. Rights based on individual wealth 76. Ethical standards based on **justice** evaluate behavior in terms of: A. How equitably benefits and burdens are distributed B. The financial outcomes of actions C. The level of happiness achieved D. Popularity within society 77. **Retributive justice** is primarily concerned with:  A. Rewarding good deeds B. Imposing punishments on those who do wrong C. Ensuring equality of income D. Allowing unrestricted freedom 78. **Distributive justice** is best defined as: A. Fair distribution of benefits and burdens B. Fair punishment for crimes C. Providing the same salary to everyone D. Allowing complete individualism 79. The **Egalitarian Theory of Justice** claims that society’s benefits and burdens should be distributed: A. Based on personal contribution B. Equally among all people C. Only to those in need D. Based on seniority 80. **Capitalist Theory of Justice** asserts that distribution should be based on: A. Contribution to society B. Equal opportunity for all C. Random allocation D. Personal relationships 81. **Socialist Theory of Justice** focuses on distribution according to: A. People’s economic contributions B. An individual’s needs C. Wealth accumulation D. Hierarchical positions 82. Karl Marx’s concept of **social justice** primarily involves: A. Maximizing individual wealth B. Eliminating social classes C. Ensuring fair distribution of wealth D. Promoting capitalist values 83. **Retributive justice** would advocate for which of the following? A. Increased income equality B. Fair punishment for wrongdoing C. Equal distribution of societal benefits D. Complete leniency for minor crimes 84. **Distributive justice** emphasizes that benefits and burdens in society should be shared: A. According to each individual’s desires B. Based on merit and contributions C. Equally, without exception D. Based on religious beliefs 85. In **Utilitarianism**, which is the most important factor in judging the morality of an action? A. The intention of the actor B. The consequences of the action C. The popularity of the action D. The emotions involved 86. Which **ethical theory** argues that moral actions are those that respect individual autonomy? A. Categorical Imperative B. Utilitarianism C. Situation Ethics  D. Pragmatism 87. **Situation Ethics** considers an action to be moral if: A. It is universally accepted B. It is culturally supported C. It feels right to the individual in a particular case D. It is legally mandated 88. A **conventional personality type** is best suited to which of the following careers? A. Marketing B. Scientific research C. Accounting D. Creative writing 89. **Work as a Right** means: A. Work is an optional choice B. Everyone has an inherent right to earn a living C. Only certain people should work D. Work is solely for economic profit 90. In a **workplace**, the primary relationship is between: A. Workers and their families B. Workers and other industries C. Workers and their employers D. Workers and customers 91. Public opinion in a workplace context often affects: A. Worker motivation and organizational reputation B. Only the salaries of employees C. Work hours exclusively D. The hiring process alone 92. The working class as defined by Karl Marx includes: A. Capitalist entrepreneurs B. Laborers who sell their labor for wages C. Independent business owners D. Government officials 93. According to Categorical Imperative, we should act according to maxims that: A. Benefit ourselves primarily B. Could be applied universally C. Are always popular D. Change with the situation 94. Positive rights require others to: A. Interfere in one’s activities B. Provide resources or assistance C. Ignore any requests D. Respect privacy without assistance 95. Moral standards based on justice emphasize: A. Achieving maximum profit B. Equal treatment and fairness C. Absolute obedience to authority D. Individual self-interest 96. The right to life is considered: A. A minor right B. A fundamental moral right C. A political right only D. A temporary right 97. In power ethics, the ultimate good is defined as: A. Wealth B. Power C. Knowledge D. Happiness 98. Professional associations are formed primarily to: A. Limit career opportunities B. Increase social gatherings C. Raise standards within a profession D. Promote competition among members 99. Duty of Non-Malevolence involves: A. Avoiding causing harm to others B. Working for personal gain C. Ignoring social obligations D. Avoiding professional growth 100. Capitalist theory of justice bases distribution on: A. Individual contribution to society B. Equal distribution for all C. Each person’s specific needs D. Random selection Got it! Here are the answers separated from the questions: --- ### Unit 1: Fundamentals of Ethics and Ethical Theories #### Lesson 1: Fundamentals of Ethics and Morality 1. **Answer: A** 2. **Answer: C** 3. **Answer: B** 4. **Answer: A** 5. **Answer: C** #### Lesson 2: Ethical Theories 6. **Answer: B** 7. **Answer: B** 8. **Answer: B** 9. **Answer: B** 10. **Answer: C** #### Lesson 3: Categorical Imperative 11. **Answer: C** 12. **Answer: B** 13. **Answer: C** 14. **Answer: B** 15. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 4: Situational Ethics 16. **Answer: B** 17. **Answer: B** 18. **Answer: B** 19. **Answer: A** 20. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 5: Other Models of Moral Theories 21. **Answer: C** 22. **Answer: A** 23. **Answer: B** 24. **Answer: B** 25. **Answer: C** --- ### Unit 2: The Meaning of Work #### Lesson 1: Meaning of Work 26. **Answer: B** 27. **Answer: B** 28. **Answer: C** 29. **Answer: B** 30. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 2: Perception of Work 31. **Answer: B** 32. **Answer: B** 33. **Answer: A** 34. **Answer: C** 35. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 3: Factors that Affect Work 36. **Answer: B** 37. **Answer: B** 38. **Answer: A** 39. **Answer: B** 40. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 4: Personality Types of Workers 41. **Answer: C** 42. **Answer: C** 43. **Answer: B** 44. **Answer: B** 45. **Answer: A** --- ### Unit 3: Workplace Ethics and Responsibilities #### Lesson 1: Workplace and Work Environment 46. **Answer: B** 47. **Answer: A** 48. **Answer: B** 49. **Answer: C** 50. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 2: Transformation of the Workplace 51. **Answer: B** 52. **Answer: B** 53. **Answer: B** 54. **Answer: B** 55. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 3: The Worker and the Employer 56. **Answer: B** 57. **Answer: B** 58. **Answer: C** 59. **Answer: C** 60. **Answer: B** #### Lesson 1: Ethical Standards 61. **Answer: B** 62. **Answer: C** 63. **Answer: B** 64. **Answer: B** 65. **Answer: B** --- #### Lesson 2: Types of Ethical Standards 66. **Answer: B** 67. **Answer: B** 68. **Answer: C** 69. **Answer: B** 70. **Answer: B** 71. **Answer: C** 72. **Answer: C** 73. **Answer: B** 74. **Answer: C** 75. **Answer: B** --- #### Lesson 3: Ethical Standards Based on Justice 76. **Answer: A** 77. **Answer: B** 78. **Answer: A** 79. **Answer: B** 80. **Answer: A** 81. **Answer: B** 82. **Answer: C** 83. **Answer: B** 84. **Answer: B** --- ### Additional General Review Questions for Ethical Understanding 85. **Answer: B** 86. **Answer: A** 87. **Answer: C** 88. **Answer: C** 89. **Answer: B** 90. **Answer: C** 91. **Answer: A** 92. **Answer: B** 93. **Answer: B** 94. **Answer: B** 95. **Answer: B** 96. **Answer: B** 97. **Answer: B** 98. **Answer: C** 99. **Answer: A** 100. **Answer: A** --- Feel free to ask if you need further clarification or more information!