Ethics Ologc 2nd Quarter Reviewer PDF

Ethics LESSON 8: ACCOUNTABILITIES AND ENTREPRENEURS RESPONSIBILITIES - Balance the rights and obligations. - Laws speak about accountabilities and responsibilities. COPYRIGHT...

Ethics LESSON 8: ACCOUNTABILITIES AND ENTREPRENEURS RESPONSIBILITIES - Balance the rights and obligations. - Laws speak about accountabilities and responsibilities. COPYRIGHT - All rights reserved, applicable on media ARTICLE 308 and literature. - Who are liable for theft? - Theft is committed by any person who, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS with intent to gain without violence - Original works and inventions. against or intimidation of persons nor - Any material thing created by someone; force upon things, shall take the right to ownership who invented the personal property of another without the property. latter’s consent. Intent – “intrinsic” RIGHTS Motive – “extrinsic" - “legal entitlements” – “privilege” or “rights” ARTICLE 719 - Whoever finds a movable, which is not SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TO CUSTOMERS treasure must return it to its previous DECEPTIVE PRACTICES possessor. If the latter is unknown, the - Illegal acts that mislead a person or finder shall immediately deposit it with group of persons to believe what is the mayor of the city or municipality untrue or disbelieve what is true where the finding has taken place. - The finding shall be publicly announced ETHICAL PRACTICES TO CUSTOMERS by the mayor for 2 consecutive weeks in - Truthful in the safety aspects of the the way he deems best. product - Proper labelling ARTICLE 720 - If the owner should appear in time, he ENTREPRENEUR – CUSTOMER RELATIONS shall be obliged to pay, as a reward to - Mutual trust is a must the finder, one-tenth of the sum or of the - Consensus – agreement of one group price of the thing found. - “agreement” – consent - Be honest (e.g. labelling, packaging, and ARTICLE 555 product information.) - A possessor may lose his possession: - No shortcuts; misleading (1) By abandonment of the thing; advertisements, exaggerated (2) By an Assignment made to another descriptions. either by onerous or gratuitous title; (3) By destruction or total loss of the thing, CONSUMERS ARE ENTITLED OF/TO… or because it goes out of commerce; - Courteous treatment (4) By the possession of another, subject to o Courtesy – recognition, pre- the provisions of Article 537, if the new requisite of respect possession has lasted longer. - Complain for failures; - Justify possible solutions RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITIES - Prompt response on their complaints OF ENTREPRENEURS TO STAKEHOLDERS ENTREPRENEURS SHOULD NOT TAKE - Refer to the physical environment, ADVANTAGE OF THE FOLLOWING: particularly the physical setup of the - Age work area, as well as the procedures - Status and practices that are relevant in - Lack of knowledge performing a task - Physical disability WHAT ARE EMPLOYEES ENTITILED OF THAT CUSTOMERS MUST BE GIVEN… SHOULD BE STRICTLY PRACTICED BY - Time to think EMPLOYERS? - Freedom to choose DUE PROCESS - Product and or services - Employees right to be heard before a - Should NOT be coerced, forced, or decision; ensures fair and impartial threatened hearing on employee’s violations - Promotes progressive discipline ARTICLE 287 of Revised Penal Code (UNJUST VEXATION) CONFLICT OF INTEREST - Commits a course of conduct directed - An intentional and deliberate actions or at a specific person that causes decision that results in getting personal substantial emotional distress. gain, while adversely affecting the company. CONTRACTUALIZATION - Refers to the practice of hiring ARTICLE 8, SECTION 4 employees who would render their - Teacher and learner services for a finite amount of time, - Protects the profession usually, for a few months only. - “a teacher shall not accept favors or - This is a system that has been practiced gifts from learners, their parents or and used by many companies, including other in their behalf in exchange for large corporation requested concessions, especially if - These enterprises often utilize this undeserved.” arrangement in order to maintain their revenues up. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS - Article 12, Section 1 WORKING ETIQUETTE - “Any violation of any provisions of this - For workers, they are deprived of code shall be sufficient ground for the benefits and security of tenure. imposition against erring teacher of the - Unlike their regularized counterparts, disciplinary action consisting of contractual workers do not have paid revocation of his Certification of leaves and holidays as they are on a Registration and License as a “no-work, no pay basis” Professional Teacher.” - “On the other hand, there were those who had to trade off not being with their UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES families just so they can earn their daily - Article 248 of the Labor Code. wage...” - “There should be no dispute that all the prohibited acts constituting unfair labor WORKING CONDITIONS practice in essence relate to the - Regular and contractual workers' right to self-organization.” AMBROCIO, BASA, & KAUR 2  - Take note: employers must establish PATENTS formal ethical standards and policies on - Right of owner to exclude anyone from unethical behavior; violation should be using or benefiting the invention for 20 dealt accordingly. years. - Refers that the product is new and TAXATION completely different from existing - An orderly and compulsory manner of technology in the same field. raising money to finance government - Ex. inventions, brand names, software, projects for better delivery of services to and discoveries the people. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN TAX EVASION - Aesthetics aspect of the material. - The deliberate failure to pay taxes due to - Size, shape, color, and texture a business. - Refers to the right granted to protect the - Usually: actors, VA, BPO companies nonfunctional features of a product. - Ex. shape of Safeguard (soap) TAX AVOIDANCE - A tactic of deliberately finding a way to INTEGRATED CIRCUITS avoid payment of taxes or pay lower - Refers to the designs of schematics taxes by using methods such as used in the manufacture of electrical transferring to a city where taxes are equipment. lower. TRADEMARKS LESSON 9: THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - Signs or combination of signs that make RIGHTS a product different from the other - “knowledge, creative ideas, or products. expressions of human mind that have commercial value and are protected TRADENAMES under copyright, patent, service mark or - Identifies a company organization. trademark, or trade secret laws from - Names should not be used without any imitation, infringement and dilution. agreements. Includes brand names, discoveries invention, knowledge, registered design, GEOGRAPHIC INDICATIONS software, and works of artistic, literacy - Sign used for goods which have specific or musical nature” – World Intellectual geographical origins; have certain Property Organization (WIFO) characteristics of their particular place - Mere ideas are not protected by of origin intellectual property it will only be protected if it has commercial value PROTECTION AGAINST UNFAIR - Any resemblance can be filed a criminal COMPETITION case or can be grounds for intellectual 1. All acts of such nature as to create property confusion with the establishment, the goods or the industrial or commercial COPYRIGHTS activities of a competitor; - Literature 2. False allegations in the course of - Ideas (plan) – research paper trade of such nature as to discredit the - Creative ideas and plans establishment, the goods or the AMBROCIO, BASA, & KAUR 3  industrial or commercial activities of a services for public use and competitor; and consumption. 3. Indications or allegations, the use of which in the course of trade are liable LEGAL OBLIGATION to mislead the public as to the - company operations should be within characteristic of certain goods. the bounds of law; should follow rules and restrictions dictated by law and LESSON 10: CORPORATE SOCIAL comply with legal requirements. RESPONSIBILITY CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) ETHICAL OBLIGATION - Is defined as a concerted initiative to - companies are expected to be ethical in contribute to sustainable development their dealings with stakeholders, through efforts that economically, especially the general public; also have socially, and environmentally beneficial to ethical responsibilities to their stakeholders. employees. - Extended responsibilities other than giving good and services to the PHILANTHROPIC OBLIGATION stakeholders or consumers. - an obligation of a company to help the community in worthwhile projects SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT which are beneficial to the people in the - Is an effort to strike a balance between community; philanthropy is voluntary in maintaining the needs of the present nature. and ability of future generations to meet their needs through the preservation of MODELS OF CSR the environment. THE PYRAMID MODEL - “hierarchy of levels/level of importance” HB 6137: - emphasizes the levels of expectations - CSR as “the commitment of business to of the people comprising the fours contribute on a voluntary basis to social responsibilities starting from sustainable economic development by economic to philanthropic. working with relevant stakeholders to improve their lives in ways that are good THE INTERSECTING CIRCLES MODEL for business, sustainable development - “equality importance among the agenda and society at large (Pineda, aspects” 2020).” - shows interrelationships that allow flexibility because managers are free to ASPECTS OF CSR use the company's resources not solely Economic on one aspect but undertake endeavors Legal OBLIGATION that address several aspects. Ethical Philanthropic THE CONCENTRIC CIRCLES MODEL - “equality in hierarchy” ECONOMIC OBLIGATION - emphasizes that all economic - the primary responsibility of a company responsibilities should have legal, to help develop the economy and ethical, and philanthropic aspects. achieve a status of development on a par with other countries; generate employment; and distribute goods and AMBROCIO, BASA, & KAUR 4  SENATE BILL 1239 AS PROPOSED BY - Charge clients with a certain fee for SENATOR MANNY VILLAR IN 2019 services. "It is observed, however, that many corporations and other business organizations LOW-INCOME CLIENT MODEL really care little for the welfare of society, - Charge fees but concentrate on low- community where they operate and the natural income customers. environment around them. Their sole purpose COOPERATIVE MODEL is to maximize their respective returns on - Charge membership fees and provide investment totally disregarding the impact of services to members. their activities on customers, employees, shareholders, communities and environment." MARKET LINKAGE MODEL - Facilitate the producer-customer LESSON 11: SOCIAL ENTERPRISE relationship. SOCIAL ENTERPRISE - A business model with the objective of SERVICE SUBSIDIZATION MODEL solving social issues and problems - Sell products and services to subsidize while providing goods and services. social services. - Profit is not a priority ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT MODEL SOCIAL BUSINESS MODEL/S - Sell products and services to fund an SOCIAL BUSINESS MODEL/S organization who runs a particular - A framework that fulfills the mission and program. maintains the financial stability of the enterprise. Note: the following models could be integrated Kim Alter's Nine (9) Social Business Models: METHODS OF INCOME GENERATION Entrepreneur Support FEE FOR SERVICE Market Intermediary - Charge fees to clients/ customers for Employment service. Fee-for-service Low-Income Client PRODUCTS Cooperative Model - Commission-based income generation. Market Linkage Model Service Subsidization MEMBERSHIP DUES Organizational Support - Operate through collection of Membership fees. ENTREPRENEUR SUPPORT MODEL - Provide support services to TANGIBLE ASSETS entrepreneurs. - Generate income through rentals to non-profit organizations. MARKET INTERMEDIARY MODEL - Guide struggling entrepreneurs to gain INTANGIBLE ASSETS markets to sell their products. - Leverage intangible assets like reputation, relationships or brand. EMPLOYMENT MODEL - Help clients look for jobs and provide INVESTMENTS training respectively. - Generate income from interest rates on savings deposits, bonds, etc. FEE FOR SERVICE MODEL AMBROCIO, BASA, & KAUR 5  HOW TO START A SOCIAL ENTERPRISE? (PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE) SOCIAL FIRMS PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE - Help people renew their support Motivated by a cause networks and assist them in finding Financial and Economic sustainability in jobs. the long term - Ex. FreelanceBLEND No dividend for investors - They act as mediocre Profits generated remain Sensitive to gender and environment COOPERATIVES issues - Formed, organized and controlled by Employees are treated fairly members Joy in every task - Ex. ACDI Multipurpose Cooperative MOTIVATED BY A CAUSE CREDIT UNIONS - Do not aim for profit; solve a - Provide savings and loan facilities to the problem/issue. inhabitant of the community. - Allows you to have at least your savings FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC and loan for certain concerns. SUSTAINABILITY IN THE LONG TERM - Financially stable program. COMMUNITY DEV’T FINANCE INSTITUTIONS - Provide loans and other investment NO DIVIDEND FOR INVESTORS facilities for small businesses and - No increase on investments. startup social enterprises. PROFITS GENERATED REMAIN Both Credit Union and Community - Profits stay at the enterprise. Development Finance Institutions have relevance, examples are the banks (BDO, SENSITIVE TO GENDER AND ENVIRONMENT BPI, Landbank, etc.) ISSUES - No discrimination; eco-friendly DEVELOPMENT TRUST products and services. - Seek to build a community through the management of property like housing. EMPLOYEES ARE TREATED FAIRLY - Ex. Seed Your Future / Pag-IBIG - Fair wages and benefits and better working conditions. PUBLIC SECTOR SPIN-OUTS - Deliver basic services previously JOY IN EVERY TASK provided by the government. - Work for a cause. - Are partly owned by the government and are partnered networks. TYPES OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE - Ex. E-Government COMMUNITY ENTERPRISES - Serve particular communities. TRADING ARMS OF CHARITIES - Ex. Taclob - Formed to assist the parent organization - They support a particular society or in social services. community because they exist to help - Ex. Gawag Kalinga, Rags2Riches, other communities, specifically their Hapinoy, GK Enchanted Farm, Human partner communities. Nature AMBROCIO, BASA, & KAUR 6 FAIR TRADE ORGANIZATION - Ensure that small producers get fair trade. - Helps low income people. - Ex. Grassroots Note: Wishing everyone all the best and God bless! – Arjen, Angelina, and Komal AMBROCIO, BASA, & KAUR 7