Escalator, Building Construction, 2024-2025, Duhok Polytechnic University

DUHOK POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY DUHOK TECHNICAL INSTITUTE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY DEPT. BUILDING SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN BUILDING ESCALATOR &LIFT ASST. LEC. BAYAN A.TAHA SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER 2024-2025 ...

DUHOK POLYTECHNICAL UNIVERSITY DUHOK TECHNICAL INSTITUTE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY DEPT. BUILDING SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN BUILDING ESCALATOR &LIFT ASST. LEC. BAYAN A.TAHA SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER 2024-2025  WHAT IS ESCALATOR?  An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building.  When the building design requires moving large numbers of people up and down a few floors, escalators are a good choice.  They are commonly used department stores, commercial shopping centers, airports, and at the base of commercial high-rise buildings  Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places where elevators would be impractical. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 2  The benefits of escalators are many . They have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase.  They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits, and they may be weatherproofed for outdoor use.  Have no waiting interval, except during very heavy traffic Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 3  PHYSICAL FACTORS Physical factors like the vertical and horizontal distance to be spanned must be considered. These factors will determine the pitch(slope) of the escalator and its actual length. 1. LOCATION: Escalators should be situated where they can be easily seen by the general public. In department stores, customers should be able to view the merchandise(goods) easily. Furthermore, up and down escalator traffic should be physically separated and should not lead into confined(tight) spaces. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 4  2. TRAFFIC PATTERNS Traffic patterns must also be anticipated in escalator design. In some buildings the objective is simply to move people from one floor to another, but in others there may be a more specific requirement, such as funneling visitors towards a main exit or exhibit. The number of passengers is important because escalators are designed to carry a certain maximum number of people. For example, a single width escalator traveling at about 1.5 feet (0.45 m) per second can move an estimated 170 persons per five-minute period. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 5  3. SAFETY Safety is also major concern in escalator design. Fire protection of an escalator floor-opening may be provided by adding automatic sprinklers or fireproof shutters to the opening, or by installing the escalator in an enclosed fire-protected hall. To limit the danger of overheating, adequate ventilation for the spaces that contain the motors and gears must be provided. It is preferred that a traditional staircase be located adjacent to the escalator if the escalator is the primary means of transport between floors. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 6  4. WORKING An escalator is a continuously moving staircase. Each stair has a pair of wheels on each side, one at the front of the step and one at the rear. The wheels run on two rails. At the top and bottom of the escalator, the inner rail dips beneath the outer rail, so that the bottom of the stair flattens, making it easier for riders to get on and off. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 7  Escalator Component  Landing platforms: An escalator consists of top and bottom landing platforms connected by a metal truss. bottom platforms Top platforms The top platform contains the The bottom platform holds the motor assembly and the main drive step return idler sprockets gear Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 8  Escalator Component  FLOOR PLATE The floor plate provides a place for the passengers to stand before they step onto the moving stairs. This plate is flush with the finished floor and is either hinged or removable to allow easy access to the machinery below.  The steps themselves are solid, one- piece, die-cast aluminum. The steps are linked by a continuous metal chain that forms a closed loop Rubber mats may be affixed to their surface to reduce slippage, and yellow demarcation lines may be added to clearly indicate their edges.  Handrail: The handrail provides a convenient handhold for passengers while they are riding the escalator Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 9 Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 1 TYPES: 1. PARALLEL 2. CRISS CROSS LAYOUT Parallel Criss Cross Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 11 Advantages of Escalators  It helps a large no. of people in moving from one place to another at the same time and they reduce the need of elevator because people would not have to wait for elevator and escalator can carry a large no. of people at the same time.  It is helpful for the people that have pain in their legs and joints i.e it provide comfort to the people.  Escalators are effective when used as a mean of guidance and circulation.  Their speed can be adjusted which is helpful in managing the crowd.  When turned off they can be used a staircase. Disadvantages of Escalators  Waste of energy when not in use.  Possible injuries when stopped suddenly.  Source of fear for small children and for older people sometime. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 12 Definition of Lifts A vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people between floors (levels, deck) of a building, vessel or other structure. Generally powered by electric motor that drive by traction cable and counterweight systems like a hoist or hydraulic pump Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 13  Importance of Lifts Rapid development : buildings design nowadays built vertically /higher because of high land cost. Basic needs : to bring building user from one level to higher level in building Comfort needs : working efficiency for office building or large organization. UBBL( Unified Building Bye-Laws) : building with more than 6 storey must provide lifts system. Fire requirements : provide fire lift to be used during fire. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 14  Factors affecting Selection of Lift Utility- The function must be identified whether lift is for residential, commercial, or hospital etc. Capacity- This depends on type of building and frequency of access to lift. Speed- This depends on no. of stops and users. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 15  Characteristic of Lifts 1. Lift needed for the building more than 3 stores. 2. Installation must be in accordance with the regulation in UBBL. 3. Suitable speed 100 – 150ft/min. Too fast will result in a nervous breakdown to the user. If too slow will cause lack of function. USER REQUIREMENTS :  Good System quiet equipment, smooth journey, good condition and safe at every moment.  Waiting time minimum waiting time at any level.  Aesthetics Button panel clear and easily reached at appropriate level, Complete instruction, Decorative lighting and comfortable.  Movement of door – door movement is quiet and fast. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 16  Types of Lifts Based on Power Supply Traction Hydraulic (Machine lift) Push Pull (drive system) (drive system) Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 17 1. Hydraulic Lift System Component Piston Cylinder Hydraulic oil Reservoir Pump & Piping Control system Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 18 2. Traction Lift System Components Control System Electrical Motor Sheave Counter Weight Guiding Rail Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 19  Types of Lifts Usage Passenger Goods Vehicle Dumbwaiter Scissor Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 20  Types of Lifts Passenger Hospital Residential Hotel Office Institution Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 21  Types of Lifts Opening Center opening sliding Collapsible Single Sliding Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 22  Difference Between Lifts & Escalators Lifts (Elevators) Escalators Closed cabins inside vertical shafts that are Move stairways that allow people to move used to transport people between different between floors busy places such shopping floors I high rise buildings. malls ,airports and railway station. These are slow moving…..Horizontal and Lifts are and can move up or down at great incline movement. speed……(vertical movement) The steps are fixed and linked together and Move up or down using counterweights or move up but come down from behind on a traction cables conveyor belt is driven by motor. Space used is same as the staircases and Less space is used for its construction as connects 2 floors. the elevator is limited to the shaft and machine room, which connects at all the floor. Lecturer: Bayan A.Taha 23