Erikson's Stages of Psychological Development PDF

Personality Psychology Dr. Shruti Goyal Ego Psychology Freud’s version of psychoanalysis focused on the id Sexual and Aggressive instincts Anna Freud Ego-more attention; many constructive functions https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=v80Nd8w1uts&feature=emb_logo Erik Eriks...

Personality Psychology Dr. Shruti Goyal Ego Psychology Freud’s version of psychoanalysis focused on the id Sexual and Aggressive instincts Anna Freud Ego-more attention; many constructive functions https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=v80Nd8w1uts&feature=emb_logo Erik Erikson ego was involved in mastering the environment, achieving one’s goals, and, hence, establishing one’ s identity Ego psychology Erik Erikson Life of Erik Erikson Germany, 1902, born to Danish couple (unmarried),father left before he was born Married Dr. Homburger, grew up unsure of his name and psychological identity Identity crisis started in school Danish but Jewish stepfather Left school after high-school Travelled through Germany & Italy-art schools-art gallery-left for search of identity 25, started teaching school children in Vienna Anna Freud’s influence + his own teaching experience- influence of social factors on personality At 37, dropped the surname Homberger and started using Erikson which literally means he created himself “saw and felt happening to himself (as with Freud’s examination of his own dreams, memories, fantasies) became the ‘research’ that enabled a flow of ideas, articles, books” (Friedman, 1999, p. 16) He sought patients from diverse cultures Died in 1994 8 stages of development Extended Freud’s theory elaborated on Freud’s stages of development greater emphasis on the ego than on the id impact of cultural (Danish/Jew/German) Series of personal conflicts- environmental demands Respond to the demands in two ways adaptive/ maladaptive Ego must incorporate both Dependent on others-trust vs mistrust Caring parent-develops trust-adaptive coping method Totally trusting-gullible-others can deceive, trick, manipulate Some degree of mistrust Strengths-successful coping-stronger ego-easier to resolve next conflict Trust vs. Mistrust (0-18) Questions “Who s going to take care of me, and will they do a good job? “ “Can I trust that they will feed me when I am hungry , clothe me when I am cold, comfort me when I cry , and generally take care of me?” Crisis: Trust vs. mistrust Relationship between child and environment-biological & social Taken care of Trust Belief that others are approachable, trustable, and generally good and loving Not taken care of (inattentive, rejecting, inconsistent) mistrust in others, suspiciousness, and feelings of estrangement, isolation, or just plain social discomfort when around others Hope: persistent feeling of confidence; belief that desires will be satisfied Autonomy Versus Doubt and Shame (18-3) Question “How much of the world do I control?” Walk, explore their surrounding, experimenting with their abilities Able to exercise some degree of choice Conflict : Autonomy Versus Doubt and Shame Adaptive outcome: Feels sense of control, develops self-confidence, sense of autonomy Explore and learn Strict, restrictive or punishing parents Self doubt, shame Overly protective parents hinder the child’ s natural urge to explore Self doubt Will determination to exercise freedom of choice and self-control even when faced with adversities Initiative Versus Guilt (3-5) Motor and mental abilities continue to develop-accomplish more on his own-tries to take initiative School-friends-play-learn to work together-resolve disputes-follow leaders-initiate activities-choosing leaders-organizing activities Crisis: Initiative Versus Guilt Depends on how parents react to self-initiated activities Eg. Imitates house help-punish/inhibit If all goes well develop a sense of initiative, ambition and goal seeking. If things do not go well become resigned to failure or to not even take the initiative to pursue goals. purpose: the courage to foresee and pursue valued goals Industriousness Versus Inferiority (5- 12) Learns to read & write-children begin comparing themselves to each other sense of industry Enough successful experiences- praise, encouragement-believe in their abilities feeling as if they can work to achieve what they want Sets them to become productive members sense of inferiority Enough failure experiences- scolded, ridiculed, rejected-unrealistic expectations they don’ t have the talent or ability to get ahead in life Competence exertion of skill and intelligence in pursuing and completing tasks. Identity versus Role Confusion (12- 18) Questions “Who am I?” “Do others recognize me for who I think I am?” Many try out different identities Reach some decision about what is important, what they value, want out of life sense of who they are Satisfactory resolution: consistent and congruent picture Fail: role confusion enter adulthood without a solid sense of who they are, what they want from life Unstable in relationship, jobs, goals Fidelity: the ability to sustain loyalty to another person Intimacy versus Isolation (18-40) Friendship and intimate relationship becomes primary concern at this stage Make long term commitments with people outside family Unable to establish intimacies develop feelings of isolation avoid social contacts, reject other people prefer to be alone love Mutual devotion, the fusing of oneself with another person Generativity versus Stagnation (40- 65) Question Whether one has generated something he/she cares about Family/career/hobby/volunteer work Generativity-making your mark on the world-creating something that will outlast the individual Crisis: Generativity versus Stagnation whether life means anything Failing to find a way to contribute- will lead to stagnation Care concern for others Ego Integrity Versus Despair (65- death) evaluate the whole life sense of fulfilment and satisfaction Ego integrity: believing one has adequately coped with life’s victories and failures see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about our past, or feel that we did not accomplish our life goals frustrated, angry about missed opportunities and regretful of mistakes that cannot be rectified, then we will feel despair, hopelessness. depression Wisdom Sense of closure, completeness Reading list Larsen, R. J., & Buss, D. M. (2014). Personality Psychology. 4th Edition. McGraw Hill Education, New Delhi (chapter 10) Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2016). Theories of personality. Cengage Learning, New Delhi (chapter 8)