ENV 214 Environmental Management Lecture Notes PDF

ENV 214 Environmental Management Lecture 13-14: EMS Haniyum Maria Khan (Hmk1) Lecturer, ESM North South University  Environmental Management Systems An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a systematic approach for incorporating energy and environmental goals an...

ENV 214 Environmental Management Lecture 13-14: EMS Haniyum Maria Khan (Hmk1) Lecturer, ESM North South University  Environmental Management Systems An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a systematic approach for incorporating energy and environmental goals and priorities into routine operations. EMS implementation reflects accepted quality management principles based on the “Plan, Do, Check, Act,” model using a standard process to identify current activities, establish goals, implement plans to meet the goals, determine progress to ensure continual improvement. The resulting plans are deployed throughout the organization, usually through existing management mechanisms.  The Continuous Cycle Plan Planning, identifying environmental aspects and establishing goals; Do Implementing, includes training and operational controls; Check Checking, includes monitoring and corrective action; Act Reviewing, includes progress reviews and acting to make needed changes.  Benefits of an EMS better regulatory compliance - running an EMS will help ensure your environmental legal responsibilities are met and more easily managed on a day-to-day basis more effective use of resources - you will have policies and procedures in place that help you manage waste and resources more effectively and reduce costs marketing - running an EMS will help you prove your business' credentials as an environmentally aware operation that has made a commitment to continual environmental improvement  Benefits of an EMS finance - you may find it easier to raise investment from banks and other financial institutions, which are increasingly keen to see businesses controlling their environmental impact increased sales opportunities - large businesses and government departments may only deal with businesses that have an EMS lighter regulation - even if an EMS is not a regulatory requirement, by showing your commitment to environmental management, you may benefit through less frequent site visits or reduced fees from environmental regulators  Complementary Systems and Tools Growing industrial and government interest in energy and environmental management has led to the development of a number of concepts and tools that enable organizations to understand, evaluate and manage the environmental implications of their operations, services and products. Some of these tools are: Green procurement; Sustainable community planning; Life cycle assessment – A technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from cradle to grave Sustainable design.  Certification Organisations may decide to have an external body confirm that their EMS meets the requirements of standards such as ISO 14001 and this process is known as certification. Certification is not mandatory and ISO 14001 does allow organisations to self-certify that they have met all of the requirements of the standard. However, there are a number of benefits that can be gained by an organisation having its EMS externally certified  Accreditation In order to ensure that certification bodies undertake their EMS assessments in a similar and comparable way and that certificates issued by different certification bodies are equivalent, a process of accreditation has been established. National accreditation bodies undertake assessments to ensure that certification bodies carry out their assessments appropriately and use competent people.  International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ISO is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations A voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country Popular standards – ISO 9000 - Quality management (9001) – ISO 14000 - Environmental management – ISO 22000 - Food safety management – ISO 26000 - Social responsibility – ISO 31000 - Risk management – ISO 50001 - Energy management – ISO 45001 - Occupational Health and Safety  ISO 14000 – home study (12-22) ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to environmental management that exists to help organizations (a) minimize how their operations (processes, etc.) negatively affect the environment (i.e., cause adverse changes to air, water, or land); (b) comply with applicable laws, regulations, and other environmentally oriented requirements, and (c) continually improve in the above.  List of ISO 14000 series standards ISO 14001 Environmental management systems—Requirements with guidance for use ISO 14004 Environmental management systems—General guidelines on principles, systems and support techniques ISO 14006 Environmental management systems—Guidelines for incorporating ecodesign ISO 14015 Environmental assessment of sites and organizations ISO 14020 series (14020 to 14025) Environmental labels and declarations ISO 14030 discusses post-production environmental assessment ISO 14031 Environmental performance evaluation—Guidelines ISO 14040 series (14040 to 14049), Life Cycle Assessment, LCA, discusses pre-production planning and environment goal setting. ISO 14046 sets guidelines and requirements for water footprint assessments of products, processes, and organizations. Includes only air and soil emissions that impact water quality in the assessment. ISO 14046 2014, Environmental Management- Water Footprint- Principles, Requirements, and Guidelines ISO 14050 terms and definitions ISO 14062 Integrating environmental aspects into product design and development (2002) ISO 14063 environmental communication guidelines and examples (2006) ISO 14064 measuring, quantifying, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions ISO 19011 specifies one audit protocol for both 14000 and 9000 series standards together  The ISO 14001 Definition More than one model or conceptual framework for an EMS exists. The most well known of EMS models is the ISO 14001 International Standard. “The overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy.”  ISO 14001 MODEL CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT MANAGEMENT REVIEW ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY VERIFICATION CORRECTIVE ACTION PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION OPERATION  REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 14001 1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Policy from senior management Establish and communicate an organization’s position and commitment as it relates to energy and the environment. 2. PLANNING Identifies energy and environmental issues and requirements, and defines the initiatives and resources needed to achieve the environmental policy and economic goals. Know how the business effects the environment Operations / activities; Products / services Legal and other requirements Responsibilities, actions, resources, and timescales for reaching objectives and targets.  REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 14001 3. IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION Describes the procedures, programs and responsibilities necessary to implement the key initiatives to achieve goals.  Structure and responsibility  Management representative  Who does what for ‘key activities’  Specialist skills / technology / resources as required  Training awareness and competence  ‘Key activities’ undertaken by competent personnel; necessary education, training and experience  REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 14001  Communication Internal and external  System documentation and control  EMS description in writing  Documents controlled  Operational control  For ‘key activities’ : written instructions, operating criteria, characteristics and limits  Performance of suppliers and subcontractors  Emergency preparedness and response  Plans - established, maintained, reviewed and tested  REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 14001 4. CHECKING / CORRECTIVE ACTION Regularly monitors and assesses the effectiveness of energy and environmental management activities.  Monitoring and measuring  ‘Key activities’, objectives, targets, legislation and regulations  Non-conformance / corrective and preventive action  Problems and near misses  EMS audits  Undertake activities as planned  Meet requirements of ISO 14001  REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 14001 5. MANAGEMENT REVIEW High level evaluation of the management system as a whole to determine its overall effectiveness in terms of driving continual improvement and achieving business goals.  Is the EMS suitable, adequate and effective  Change and improvement  ISO 14001 : Seventeen Elements The ISO 14001 standard breaks the five major sections down into seventeen elements: 1. Environmental Policy; 2. Environmental Aspects; 3. Legal and Other Requirements; 4. Objectives and Targets; 5. Environmental Management Programs; 6. Structure and Responsibility; 7. Training, Awareness & Competence; 8. Communications;  ISO 14001 : Seventeen Elements 9. EMS Documentation; 10.Document Control; 11.Operational Control; 12.Emergency Preparedness and Response; 13.Monitoring and Measurement; 14.Nonconformance & Corrective and Preventative Action; 15.Records; 16.EMS (internal) Audit; 17.Management Review.  Levels of EMS Implementation Level One - Third Party Certification to ISO 14001 In order to demonstrate conformance to the ISO 14001 standard, many organizations choose to implement and then certify their EMS using a third-party auditor (or “registrar”). The auditor performs an independent validation that the EMS conforms to the ISO 14001 standard, and that it is “in place, complete and sufficient.” A number of auditing firms provide this service, all of which must be certified as qualified auditors.  Levels of EMS Implementation Level Two – Complete EMS Implementation Without Certification The second level is full EMS implementation without choosing to certify the EMS through a third party audit. In this case, the Organization typically chooses to self-declare that its EMS is in conformance to the ISO standard. Self-declaration allows an Organization to demonstrate and communicate its environmental commitment to regulators and the public without incurring the additional costs of certification. However, a third party might be used to strengthen the self- declaration by providing some level of independent verification and/or advice.  Levels of EMS Implementation Level Three - Partial EMS Implementation Strategies While a complete EMS is recognized as the most effective manner to integrate environmental concerns into daily work activities, an organization does not always possess the resources to implement a complete EMS. Furthermore, a complete EMS does not always make sense for every Organization. In these cases, partial implementation of an EMS through some of the elements – such as training programs and/or assessment of legal and other requirements – can be a desirable alternative for Organizations.