English Test Prep (Definitions) PDF

Prep for English test (definitions) Wednesday, December 4. Multiple choice- 40marks Know the purpose (why do you write in that mode) and organization. **The 4 rhetorical modes:** - **Description**, describe something creating an image using words that appeal to the 5 scenes, organized spat...

Prep for English test (definitions) Wednesday, December 4. Multiple choice- 40marks Know the purpose (why do you write in that mode) and organization. **The 4 rhetorical modes:** - **Description**, describe something creating an image using words that appeal to the 5 scenes, organized spatially. - **Narration**, a story: theme, characters, setting, conflict, organized chronologically (in order of time) - **Exposition**, how to do something\\ informational writing, use clear steps, deductive structure (sub-topics) - **Argumentation**, to convince someone of something, makes use of reasons, support, a clear opinion is presented, deductive structure. **Narrative patterns and conflict:** Types: short stories, myths, fables, ballads (poems) All stories revolve around a [conflict] Types of conflict: person vs self, person vs person, person vs society, etc. Cliff hanger= no clear resolution **Plot structure** Know how to label the graph and what each part is or does; Introduction, inciting force, rising action, crisis, climax, falling action, denouement. Introduction In the introduction to a narrative many of the basic elements are provided. For example, important characters, aspects of setting. Some indication of theme (main ideas) and some hints about the central conflict may all be provided at this point. jh Inciting Force In the inciting force in an incident or event which marks the beginning of the conflict between the opposing forces. Rising Action The rising action is a series of events in which the conflict between the protagonist and antagonist intensifies and builds toward a climax. Crisis The crisis is a point in the rising action where the protagonist makes a decision which brings about the climax. Climax The climax is a point at which the conflict is [resolved] and the struggle between the opposing forces ends. Falling action The falling action is a [series of events] following the climax. In this series of events tension eases and the action subsides. Denouement The Denouement is the point at the end of the narrative where the plot has a sense of being finished. **Narrative techniques:** Know the definitions [Coincidence:] Coincidence refers to a situation in which two (or more) characters are brought together by separate, unrelated series of events. Their coming together in this way has significant consequences for either the characters or the future direction of the plot. [Flashback:] A flashback is a return from the present action in a narration to events that occurred in the past. The flashback may be presented in the form of memory, dream, or recollection. The flashback usually presents information that reveals something important about the characters or events in the present action of the narration. [Foreshadowing:] Foreshadowing is a hint, or a clue presented in a narration that suggests a development or situation before it actually occurs. In other words, information presented early in a plot prepares the reader for an important event that occurs later in the plot. [Surprise:] Surprise refers to a feeling created in the reader (or characters) when a completely unexpected event or revelation occurs in a narration. [Suspense:] Suspense refers to a feeling of uncertainty, anticipation, or curiosity in the reader (viewer, listener) by the events or incidents in the plot of any narration. [Irony:] [Verbal] irony- Verbal irony arises in a statement in which the words spoken are the exact opposite of what the speaker means. The words appear to mean one thing, but the speaker\'s real meaning is the exact opposite of what he is saying. [Situationa]l irony- Situational irony arises when the event in a plot leads to a situation that is the exact opposite witch the pattern or events may have led the character or reader to expect to happen. The appearance of events, however, led to an outcome that is the exact opposite of what was expected. [Dramatic] irony- Dramatic irony arises when the audience has knowledge that all the characters on stage do not have. Consequently, the words or actions on stage may have one meaning for some of the characters on stage, but a different opposite meaning for members of the audience and/or specific characters. **Writing Process** **Brainstorming:** Brainstorming. involves any activities used to generate Ideas and approaches for use in composition, particularly the use of thought webs, should be encouraged to aid brainstorming writing. **selecting and grouping:** Selecting refers to the process of choosing ideas and approaches that may be useful in particular. composition from among material generated at the brainstorming stage grouping refers to the arranging of selected ideas into logical categories **Outlining:** Outlining requires the preparation of neat, detailed point form plans under clear headings. These detailed plans serve to organize the material selected for inclusion in the composition and to guide the preparation for the first draft of the composition. **Drafting:** Refers to the preparation of composition in sentence and paragraph form. In the case of prose writing, or in the usual form of another genre such as poetry or drama. First drafts should provide the rough shape of the composition, following the guidance of the point form, outline subsequent. Graph should be progressively more refined. several drafts for each composition may be be required **Revising:** revising may require extensive restructuring and reviewing of the various draft versions of the composition material may be added or deleted sections may be reorganized words and phrases may be changed during revision as a result of revision each draft of the composition should appear to be more polished and more skillfully written than the predecessor. **Editing:** and he refers to the checking of for accuracy in language use in the final draft version of a composition before a good copy is prepared editing is concerned with correctness in spelling grammar diction sentence structure and so on. **Good copy:** The good copy is a final version of a composition that had been prepared in accordance to the requirements of the format established by the department.