English Summary Booklet for 2nd BAC PDF

GUIDE TO COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH FOR 2nd BAC “A small booklet designed to help 2nd baccalaureate students to prepare for the national exam” Written & Designed by Chahid Elhocine  ENGL...

GUIDE TO COMPREHENSIVE ENGLISH FOR 2nd BAC “A small booklet designed to help 2nd baccalaureate students to prepare for the national exam” Written & Designed by Chahid Elhocine  ENGLISH VOCABULARY Education Formal Education: Learning through a program at school where the student gets degree and takes exams. (=High school) The knowledge and skills that Non-formal Education: Learning through a program without taking any we learn from schools, society exams or degrees. (=Literacy classes) and family. Informal Education: Learning from life experiences, work and family. Culture Cultural Values: Respect, Tolerance, Altruism, Solidarity, Hospitality, A set of values, traditions and Equality, Justice, Coexistence. beliefs related to a specific Cultural Issues: Bigotry, Injustice, inequality, Culture shock, society. Globalisation, Violence, Racism, Stereotypes. Youth Gifts of Youth : Talent, Audacity, Vigour, Courage, Creativity, A state of being a young person Adventure, Ambition, Passion, Vitality, Energy, Enthusiam, Experience. caracterized by gifts and talents Women Powers of Women: Emancipation, Freedom, Motherhood, Beauty, Affection, Love, Patience, Literacy, Confidence, Enthusiasm. A social gender that plays an Issues of Women : Discrimination, Violence, Harassement, Neglect, powerful role in society. Illiteracy, Stereotypes, Inequality. Technology Technologies : Robots, Computers, Laptops, Mobile phones, Drones, The application of scientific Vehicules, Gadgets, Camera, Printer, Satellite. knowledge for practical Objectives : Industry, Research, Experiments Productivity, purposes, like engeneering and Entertainment, Health care, Information and communication. industry. Humour Humorist : a person who makes people laugh. Joke : A short story that cause laughter. The ability to make people Laughter : The reaction or result of humour. laugh through comedy, jokes, Prank : To play a trick on someone. pranks and caricatures. Caricatures : Funny Cartoonic drawings. Citizenship Citizens’ Rights: To live, To have a job, To have health care, To be safe, A set of rights and duties To travel, To study, To practice leisures, To express opinion. that a person has toward his Citizens’ Duties : To obey the law, To pay taxes, To vote, To be own community. tolerant, To respect the environment, To join community service. Brain drain Push Factors : Unemployment, Low education, Low salary, Poverty, The immigration of experts and inequality, Pollution, Lack of research, Lack of equipments. skilled people to developed Pull Factors : Employment, Better education, High income, Intellectual countries in order to search for freedom, Clean environment, Research facilities. a better future. Sustainable Development Social Development : Gender equality, Social justice, Better education, Poverty elimination, Health care. An action plan tha aims at Environmental Development : Renewable energy, Nature preservation, achieving a better and Recycling waste, Forestry, Biodiversity. sustainable future for all Economic Development: Equal opportunities, Fair distribution, Money generations. investment, Micro-credits, Financial support. Inernational Organisations International Organisations : UN, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, FAO, WTO, ICRC, TI, AI, OXFAM, MSF, Greenpeace. An organisation with global Global Missions: Peace making, Financial support, Sustainable membership or presence. development, Health care, Regulations and diplomacy, Partnerships. A combination of words that are commonly used together. Word Collocations Study Skills  Mobile phone / School subject / High school / Mother tongue Adjectives that are made up of 2 words separated by a hyphen (-) Compound Adjectives  Five-star / Well-known / Old-fashioned / Open-minded / Short-sighted Prefix = Changes the Meaning  Impossible / Unhappy / Discomfort Prefix & Suffix Suffix = Changes the Form  Powerful / Communication / Happiness  LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS Making request Accepting Refusing Can you please…? Sure No, I can’t Request Would you mind…? Of course I am so sorry I’d appreciate it if you could… No problem I am afraid I can’t May I use your…? With pleasure Negative  Request is to ask someone for a favour politely = ‫طلب‬ Making aplogy Accepting Rejecting I apologize for... That's Ok/all right. No way Apology I am so sorry for... Never mind / Don’t worry Not a chance Pardon me / Excuse me No harm done I can’t forgive you Please, accept my apologies It doesn't matter. Fix it now Please, forgive me Forget about it. Clean your mess!  Apology is to tell others that you are sorry about a regretful act. = ‫إعتذار‬ Making complaint Accepting Declining Complaint I have a complaint. I am terribly sorry. It’s not my fault. I want to complain about. I apologise Fix it Sorry to say this, but … Please, accept my apology. I am afraid there is nothing I I'm angry about... Sorry, it will not happen again. can do.  Complaint is to express dissatisfaction about a certain service or behabiour. = ‫شكاية‬ Checking understanding Lack of understanding Asking for clarification Giving clarification Clarification Do you understand? I did not understand Can you explain? Let me explain again Are you following? I am not following Can you repeat? In other words… Is that clear? It’s not clear Can you be more It is to say… Did you get it? I don’t get it explicit? It means…  Clarification is To elaborate an idea and explain it using more examples. = ‫توضيح‬ Asking for opinion Giving opinion Agreement Disagreement What do you think? In my opinion I agree I disagree Opinion What’s your opinion? For me That’s right That’s wrong How do you feel about..? In my point of view I think so I don’t think so Do you believe that..? To my mind I share your idea Bad idea  Opinion is a personal point of view that can be agreed or disagreed. = ‫رأي‬ Asking for Advice Giving Advice Accepting Rejecting Why don’t you …? You should / ought to Nice idea Bad idea Advice What is your advice? I advise you to… Great advice! Sorry, that’s not What should I do? If I were you, I would.. Thanks for the advice. working How about…? You had better… Of course, why not! I already tried that  Advice is a useful information that we give someone to help him solve a problem. = ‫نصيحة‬ Responding to Good news = ‫أخبار سارة‬ Responding to Bad news = ‫أخبار سيئة‬ Great news / wonderful news! Oh, dear! Wow! That amazing Poor you! News Nice! You deserve it. That’s terrible news. Congratulations! My goodness! I’m happy / glad to hear that. I’m sorry to hear that. Really? I can’t believe that! I know how you must be feeling.  Good news result in a feeling of happiness whereas Bad news result in a feeling of Sadness. Certainty = ‫يـقيــن‬ Uncertainty = ‫شــك‬ Regret = ‫نــدم‬ I'm sure / certain I'm not sure / not certain I wish I’m positive that... I have my own doubts. If only Absolutely / Certainly I can't tell you for sure. It’s a pity I have no doubt about… I suppose / I doubt it What a pity It’s obvious / clear that… It’s probably / It’s likely I deeply regret I strongly believe that…. I’m in two minds about … I am regretful  Certainty is being completely  Uncertainty is when nothing  Regret is a feeling of criticism confident or sure about something. is decided or sure about. and disappointment about past.  ENGLISH READING Homeless Children In Morocco, a huge number of children are homeless. Thousands of young girls from poor families are sent to work as maids in cities. However, they are often ill-treated and exploited; which makes them run away and live in the streets. Also, many young boys leave their houses due to family problems and poverty. Some of them work hard to earn some money and others survive by begging from rich people. Street children live a difficult life; very often full of danger. Moroccan associations like “Bayti” make considerable efforts to reintegrate these homeless children into families and schools. Hassan is one of many children who suffered difficult circumstances in the street. Hassan left his home and school at the age of 12 to live on the street. After his mother died, his father married another woman who did not like Hassan to stay with them. Hassan’s stepmother was abominable. She always made his father beat and insult him. Hassan knew that the street was not a better place to live in, but he could not suffer from his father beating him everyday. Nobody gave a hand to Hassan; he worked as a porter in wholesale markets and sometimes he gained little money from helping passengers at the train station where he met a generous old man. The old man kindly took Hassan to “Bayti”. Hassan is very glad now because he will no longer suffer homelessness.  Title : Homelessd children  Surveying | ‫إســـتطالع‬  Size of text : Medium Look at size of the text, title, number  Number of paragraphs : 2  Guidelines : No guidelines of paragraphs, guidelines, bold words,  Bold words : They / She source, pictures and captions. They  Source : No source give you a clear idea about the text.  Pictures : 2 pictures Relate all of this to your background  Captions : Bayti knowledge. A. Skim through the text and choose the right answer:  Skimming | ‫قـراءة ســـريعة‬ Comprehension Questions | ‫الفهم‬ 1. All children in Morocco live in the streets. Read the text quickly in order to get a 2. Homeless children in Morocco live a miserable life. 3. Street children gain their livelihood by begging. general idea | ‫تحديد الفكرة العبمت‬ B. Decide if these Statements are True or False? Justify!  Scanning | ‫قــراءة مــتــأنية‬ 1. Homeless children live happily in the streets. Read again and slowly to look for 2. Hassan left his home when he was young specific information. This includes; C. Answer these Questions based on the text: 1. True/False | ‫أسئلت التعليل‬ 1. What does Bayti do for homeless children? 2. Wh Questions | ‫أسئلت مببشرة‬ 2. Why did Hassan leave his house? D. Find the Synonyms of: 3. Word Synonym | ‫مرادفبث‬ 1. Conditions: ___________ 2. Despicable : ___________ 4. Word Reference | ‫اإلحبلت النصيت‬ E. Find the Reference of: 1. They : _______________ 2. She : _______________ What : ‫ماذا‬ Who : ‫من‬ When : ‫متى‬ Where : ‫أين‬ Why : ‫لماذا‬ How much : ‫كم عدد‬ How long : ‫ما المدة‬  ENGLISH GRAMMAR Verb Patterns = ‫أنماط الفعل‬ Infinitive comes after verbs like : Agree – Want – Expect – Plan Infinitive Begin – Continue Afford Manage Attemt – Fail - Learn – Promise – Need – Hope – (To + Verb) Like – Love – Try Offer – Ask Prepare – Choose – Decide – Refuse – Pretend Start – Prefer – Stop Gerund comes after verbs like : Admit – Avoid – Consider – Enjoy Gerund Hate – Forget Finish – Mind - Regret – Suggest – Remember – Keep – Postpone (Verb + ing) Remember Recommend – Appreciate – Give up – Spend Verb Tenses = ‫أزمنة األفعال‬ I had revised my lessons before I slept. An action that finished before another Past perfect Subject + had + V3 (Past Participle) action or a specific time in the past. By December, I will have married. An action that will be finished before a Future perfect Subject + will have + V3 (Past Participle) future deadline. If I had enough money, I would buy a car. Imaginary situations about the present Conditional II If + S + Simple past, S + would + Verb = Unreal present If I had revised well, I would have passed Imaginary situations about the Past Conditional III If + S + Past Perfect , S + would have + V3 = Regret and criticism Present Modals Perfect Modals Modals = ‫أفعال ناقصة‬ You must study hard. It might have rained last night Subject + Modal + Verb Subject + Modal + Have + V3 Present Modals are auxiliaries that express Perfect Modals express functions about past functions in the present or future. ( Must) situations. ( Must have) Modal auxiliaries can’t stand alone. They need a verb to complete their meaning. They are used to express functions like: Obligation, Certainty, Advice, Possibility, Ability, Request, Prohibition…  Modals : Will, Would, Can, Could, May, Might, Must, Have to, Need to, Shall, Should, Ought to Phrasal verbs = ‫األفعال المركبة‬ Transitive = ‫فعل متعدي‬ Intransitive = ‫فعل الزم‬ Separable = ‫مفصول‬ Inseparable = ‫ثابت‬ John put on the jacket My uncle passed away Adam Turn the TV on I came across a man Phrasal verbs are often used in speaking to make language easy to understand. They usually need object.  Form = Verb + Particle (Particle = Preposition: Down - In - On - Off - For - Up - Away) Passive voice = ‫المبني للمجهول‬ Subject  Ali played football  Object Passive voice is used to focus on the verb and Simple past  Be  V3  Past participle the object of the sentence, not the subject. Object  Football was played by Ali  Subject Reported Speech = ‫الخطاب المنقول‬ He said “I am happy today”  He said that he was happy that day. Statements She said “I will send an email”  She that she would send an email. Wh Qs She asked “Where do you live?”  She asked me where I lived. Questions Yes/No Qs He asked “Do you speak French?”  He asked me if I spoke French. He said “You must get out!”  He ordered me to get out. Imperatives She said “You should visit a doctor”  She advised me to visit a doctor. Relative Pronouns = ‫الضمائر المتصلة‬ Who/Whom Which Whose When Where Why People Animals & Objects Possession Time Place Reason Relative pronouns are used to introduce people, animals, objects, time, place and reason in the sentence. They are used to introduce relative clauses; “Ahmed is the man who stole my money” Present Wish = ‫أمنية‬ Past Regret = ‫ندم‬ I wish I had a lot of money If only I had revised well for the exam I wish / If only + Subject + Simple Past I wish / If only + Subject + Past Perfect (had+V3) Wish is an imaginary situation about the Present. Regret is an imaginary situation about the Past.  ENGLISH WRITING I love English for many reasons. First, it is fun and easy to Topic Sentence | ‫إسـتهالل‬ Pragraph learn. Second, it helps me to understand movies and songs. Supporting ideas | ‫تفصـيل‬ Third, it allows me to communicate with people from around the world. Therefore, I think English is the best language. Concluding Sentence | ‫إخـتتام‬ Email | ‫بريد إلتكــروني‬ Formal Letter | ‫رســالت إداريــت‬ From: …………..……..@............ [Sender’s Address] ……………. To: …………..……..@............ [Date] ……………. Subject: …………..………….. [Recipient’s Address] ……………. Dear…………..., Dear Mr/Mrs …………., (or Dear Sir/Madame) I’m sending this email to tell you about ……....… I am writing this letter to talk about ………....… ……………………………………….………... ……………………..….….…………..…….… ……..…………………………………..………… ……..…………………………………………….. Finally, I hope …………………..…………… I hope you can give my letter full consideration. See you soon, Yours sincerely (or faithfully), First Name Full Name Descriptive Paragraph | ‫فــقرة وصـــفية‬ Narrative Paragraph | ‫فــقرة ســـرديت‬ “Name” is my best friend. Physically, he looks Last weekend, I spent a beautiful time with my ………....… and ……..….…. He has a ………….. friends. To begin with, we ……………………… hair and ………..…… face with …………….. eyes and …………..….... Next, we………..…………. He usually wears …………… with some ………… It was a sunny day, so we went ….….……….... My friend “Name” has a lot of personal qualities and ……………… Later on, we ……………….. such as …………………….. Finally, I think he is a and ……………..... Therefore, it was a great day good and respectful person. that I enjoyed a lot. Report | ‫تقــرير نــشاط‬ Film review | ‫مــراجعت فيــلم‬ [Title] ……..…………………….… [Title] ……..…………………….… On (Date) there was a seminar in (Place) about “Movie” is an (Nationality) film which is (Topic). The event was organized by (Organizers). directed by (Director) in (Year). The film is about Nearly (%) people attended, including (Participants). (Duration) minutes of a (Genre) The main actors are There were many activities like presentations, (Names Of Actors). workshops and discussion. The story of the film talks about …………..……. The event focused on three mains ideas. First, …….............................................................................. …………. Second,……..…… Third, …………….............................................................................. To conclude, I think that the seminar was fruitful To sum up, I think that the movie was very and informative, because ………………….……..….... ………, and what I enjoyed most is ……….....… Expository Essay | ‫نـــص إخــباري‬ Argumentative Essay | ‫نـــص حجـــاجي‬ [Title] ……..……………….… [Title] ……..……………….… “Topic” is one of the biggest problems that our Today, “Topic” has become a debatable topic. society suffers from. This problem has different causes “Thesis”. Despite its benefits, there are some risks. that lead to negative effects. There are many reasons why “Topic” is useful. There are many causes for this problem ……...… …………………………………………………….………………..…………….…..................…….. In contrast, “Topic” can have many drawbacks. This problem can also have negative effects …..… ………………………...........................................………………..…………….…..................…….. All in all, there is too much controversy about To sum up, I think that …………..................... “Topic”. I personally think that ………………….. Addition + Contrast ≠ Cause  Effect  Purpose  Conclusion  Order  Linking words Moreover In contrast Because So - Thus To In brief First In addition But - Yet Due to As a result for Finally Next Furthermore however because of consequently In order to To conclude Last Besides Nevertheless Caused by therefore so as to To sum up Then What’s more otherwise For - Since that’s why so that All in all Later on Good Luck Thank You!