English 9 2nd Quarter Past Paper PDF

ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER 1.0 FEATURES AND ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORIES FICTION A series of imagined events which illustrate truths about human life Fiction does not deal with “what is” but with what could happen within the scope of the...

ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER 1.0 FEATURES AND ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORIES FICTION A series of imagined events which illustrate truths about human life Fiction does not deal with “what is” but with what could happen within the scope of the possible and the probable. 1.1 SHORT STORY THE CLIMAX (A THREE-FOLD PHENOMENON) Like photographs, rather than movies: usually ★ The main character receives new information focus on a particular scene, character, event, ★ The main character accepts this information or situation. (realizes it but does not necessarily agree With limited space, you need a clear focus, with it) few characters, narrators and settings, and ★ The main character acts on this information one central event or conflict. (makes a choice that will determine whether A brief fictional prose narrative that is or not the objective is met) shorter than a novel and usually deals with only a few characters. 1.3 SHORT STORIES CONTAIN Usually concerned with a single effect CHARACTERS conveyed in only one or a few significant episodes or scenes. CHARACTERS ARE CENTRAL Without characters, there is usually no story. 1.2 ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY Because of the economy of form (brevity) there are usually few characters - sometimes only one. ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY Main characters can be static (they don’t change) or developing (they change as they PLOT Organized sequence of events in a come into conflict with others or are caught narrative up in events). CHARACTER Central in the flow of the story’s plot TYPES OF CHARACTERS Protagonist (the guy you want to win) THEME Central idea or insight into life that Antagonist (the guy you want to lose) a literary work conveys 1.3.1 CHARACTERIZATION CONFLICT Character’s encounter with a problem We get to know characters through… POINT OF Perspective to which the story is Their interactions with one another and their VIEW told situations Their responses to events SETTING Time and place to which the story is Dialogue, actions, or exploration of inner told thoughts and feelings. TYPES OF CHARACTERIZATIONS DIRECT The author tells “She was one of you a character’s those pretty, traits. charming, young girls…” “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 1  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER Omniscient Third Person - She/He INDIRECT The author provides clues about a character by describing what a character looks like, does, or says 1.7 THE SETTING and how other characters react to them. The reader draws Place, day, or seasons conclusions. CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHORT STORY 1. Short enough for us to read through it in one CHARACTERIZATION: CHARACTER GROWTH sitting without interruption Dynamic Character - is one who changes 2. Streamlined—aims at a single, unified effect; over the course of the story. one main plot, generally no sub-plots Static Character - does not noticeably 3. Limited number of characters and covers only change over the course of a story. a short span of time ○ Sheldon, Cruella, Joker 4. Relates a highly dramatic or crucial time in the lives of the characters and then usually ends quickly CHARACTERIZATION: CHARACTER 5. Fiction PERSONALITY Round Character - is a major character who 2.0 THE TELL-TALE HEART shows fluidity and the capacity for change from the moment we meet them. Stock Character - is an archetypal As humans, we frequently find ourselves caught in character with a fixed set of personality a web of our own perceptions, where the mind can traits. twist reality into something unrecognizable, Symbolic Character - represents a concept leaving us questioning what is truly real and what is or theme larger than themselves. They may mere illusion. have dynamic qualities, but they also exist to subtly steer an audience’s mind toward broader concepts. 2.1 EDGAR ALLAN POE 1.4 THE THEME MASTER OF MACABRE Led a dark and lonely life Abandoned by his father (1810) Short stories revolve around a theme. His mother died when he was 2 years old It is usually the underlying thought within a (1811) story. Adopted by John and Frances Allan The theme can also be thought of as the Had a falling out with his adoptive father moral or message the writer is trying to Entered the military but left to pursue present. writing It is the point or purpose of the work as a Due to financial difficulties, Edgar gambled whole. It can be stated directly or implied. and ended up with tons of debt Had problems with alcohol 1.5 THE CONFLICT Began to write poetry as a teenager Published short stories in magazines His works as still very much alive today Man VS. Man - Harry Potter He popularized detective fiction writing Man VS. Himself - Hamlet Gothic writer, master of the macabre as Man VS. Nature - The Umbrella Academy inspired by his tragic life Man VS. Society - Katniss VS. The Capitol in The Hunger Games Trilogy 2.2 THE TELL-TALE HEART 1.6 POINT OF VIEW A story of terror, madness, and obsession. A short Gothic horror story by Edgar Allan First Person - I Poe, published in 1843. The story centers on Limited Person - She/He “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 2  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER a murderer whose obsession with an old trouble hiding man’s eye drives him to commit a horrific her true act. As paranoia takes hold, he experiences feelings mental deterioration, ultimately leading to offstage as well his unraveling. VEX (V.) To irritate or It vexed me to 2.3 HISTORICAL CONTEXT annoy by petty think of others provocations gossiping behind my “The Tell-Tale Heart” is characteristic of the back. macabre themes for which Poe became famous. Poe was a part of the American HYPOCRITIC Pretends to have He has become Gothic literary movement that became AL (ADJ.) virtues or part of the popular in the 19th century. American Gothic qualities that he organizations literature explored the human experience or she does not that he attacks, through irrationality, madness, guilt, and have which is deeply supernatural horror. hypocritical. Often features characters suffering from melancholy, insanity, and obsession, CUNNINGLY The action was She cunningly blurring the line between fantasy and reality. (ADV.) done in a clever, devised a plan The genre arose out of the darker experience skillful, or to outsmart her of 19th-century American culture and society; perhaps deceitful competitors. it is largely viewed as a reaction to the manner. nightmare of poverty, tension over the history of slavery and racial politics, and the SAGACITY Quality of being After studying daunting wilderness of the American frontier. (N.) wise or having late into the keen insight and night, her 2.4 PLACE SETTING good judgement sagacity shone through during the exam. Much of the story is set within the claustrophobic confines of an old house. The DREADFUL Extremely; The impact of narrator describes the setting as dimly lit and (ADJ.) extremely bad Typhoon filled with oppressive silence, creating a Kristine was tense atmosphere. The action primarily takes dreadful, place in the old man’s bedroom. leaving communities 2.5 TIME SETTING devastated and in urgent need Unfolds primarily to be around midnight or of assistance. the early hours of the morning. The narrator mentions that he has been watching the old man for seven nights, carefully waiting for 2.7 WHAT IS THE POINT OF VIEW? the moment when the old man’s eye is closed. Refers to the perspective that the narrator holds in relation to the events of the story. In 2.6 VOCABULARY TO GET BY short stories, it is mostly written in first POV, in which the narrator tells a story from their own perspective, and third person POV, in WORD MEANING EXAMPLE which the narrator tells a story about other people. DISSIMULAT To hide under a As an actress, E (V.) false appearance she had been 2.8 IRONY AS A LITERARY DEVICE trained to dissimulate, so she had no “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 3  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER A linguistic and literary device, in spoken or written form, in which real meaning is concealed or contradicted. 3.0 ARABY IRONY AS A LITERARY DEVICE… ★ Verbal Irony - literal meaning of what ABOUT THE AUTHOR: JAMES JOYCE someone says is different from—and often An Irish Writer born in 1882 in Dublin opposite to—what they actually mean. He is considered one of the most influential ○ The narrator says, “I am not mad.” modernist writers. ★ Situational Irony - something happening that His works explore themes of identity, is very different from what was expected. self-awareness, and the complexities of life ○ The unnamed narrator is confident in Ireland under British rule. that he won’t be found out, but it His writing style is best known for its use of ends in his confession. stream-of-consciousness, a narrative ★ Dramatic Irony - the audience’s or reader’s technique that attempts to capture the inner understanding of events or individuals in a thoughts and feelings of characters in a more work surpasses that of its characters. fluid, direct way. ○ The narrator fixates on the old man’s Araby is part of his collection Dubliners “vulture-like” eye, which he (1914), reflecting his deep connection to perceives as evil, despite the Dublin and his critique of Irish society, audience recognizing this obsession as especially its religious, political, and cultural a sign of his unstable mind. He limitations. adamantly denies any madness. 3.1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 2.9 WHAT IS MOOD? Araby takes place in early 1900s Dublin when Mood is the feeling that an author creates in Ireland was still controlled by Great Britain. a literary work. The mood can suggest an This time was hard for many Irish people, as emotion, such as fear or joy; it can also they faced poverty and limited opportunities. suggest an emotion, such as fear or joy; it can also suggest the quality of a setting, 3.2 SOCIAL CONTEXT such as gloom or airiness. The Catholic Church provided a strong moral 2.10 WHAT IS SYMBOLISM? framework in Irish society, shaping values, education, and social expectations. Symbolism, which is the use of symbols to Young people had little freedom, as religious represent an idea, event, or character, gives conservatism and social expectations made a story deeper meaning and an interesting life dull and restrictive, limiting choices, layer of complexity and truth. relationships, and self-expression. SYMBOLISM 3.3 CULTURAL CONTEXT Old man’s eye - symbolizes the narrator’s paranoia and projection of evil. Irish culture was shaped by both Catholicism Heart - symbolizes guilt and conscience. and British rule. After the murder, the narrator believes he hears it beneath the floorboards, reflecting his overwhelming guilt and mental 3.4 SETTING unraveling. Darkness - symbolizes the narrator’s NORTH RICHMOND STREET descent into madness and the moral void of A quiet street in Dublin, where the narrator his actions. resides, is described as “blind” (a dead-end lantern/light - symbolizes truth, but in his street) with houses that face each other. The distorted reality, it ultimately leads to his atmosphere is still and unremarkable. downfall. “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 4  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER NARRATOR’S HOUSE RISING ACTION The house where the narrator lives with his The narrator’s desire to impress Mangan’s aunt and uncle is an old, somewhat neglected sister grows. He promises to buy her a gift at house with a musty atmosphere. The house the bazaar. was previously owned by a priest. CLIMAX ARABY The narrator finally arrives at Araby, only to A marketplace or bazaar, which the narrator find it disappointing and commercialized. hopes to visit. It is advertised as a splendid It is not the magical, exciting place he had place. In our society, this is similar to imagined, and he is struck by a realization “Divisoria” that it is just an ordinary, mundane place. FALLING ACTION 3.5 CHARACTERS The narrator wanders around the bazaar, but as he observes the empty stalls and indifference of the vendors, he realizes that NARRATOR his fantasies were unrealistic. A young, idealistic boy infatuated with RESOLUTION Mangan’s sister The narrator leaves the bazaar feeling MANGAN’S SISTER disappointed and disillusioned. The narrator’s love interest, whom he He reflects on his naivete and comes to an admires from a distance. eye-opening realization that his romantic NARRATOR’S UNCLE ideals were misguided, and the world is far The young boy’s uncle who is somewhat less magical than he had envisioned. forgetful and disorganized. NARRATOR’S AUNT The young boy’s aunt, who encourages him to 3.8 LITERARY DEVICES - SYMBOLISM go to the bazaar. SHOPKEEPER SYMBOLISM A detached, indifferent shopkeeper at the The use of symbols to represent deeper bazaar. meanings or concepts beyond their literal TWO CUSTOMERS sense A man and woman talking casually at the bazaar. BAZAAR 3.6 POINT OF VIEW Represents the narrator’s idealized dreams and desires, particularly his romantic longing and search for meaning. FIRST-PERSON NARRATIVE LIGHT It is told from the perspective of the young Symbolizes hope, clarity, and moments of boy. beauty, but also contrasts with the eventual Through his narrative, readers get to disillusionment. experience his idealism, confusion, and the DARK bitter disappointment he feels. Represents the unknown, confusion, and the harsh reality that awaits beyond illusions and 3.7 PLOT STRUCTURE dreams EXPOSITION 3.9 LITERARY DEVICES - IMAGERY The narrator describes his dull, dreary life in a dark, cramped house in Dublin. He has a crush on Mangan’s sister, whom he watches IMAGERY and admires from a distance. The use of descriptive language that He becomes persistent with the idea of appeals to the senses, creating vivid buying something for her at the bazaar, pictures in the reader’s mind. Araby, which he imagines to be a place of wonder and exoticism. “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 5  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER IMAGERY IN THE STORY 3.13 THEMES The space of the sky above us was the color of ever-changing violet and towards it the lamps of the street lifted their feeble FANTASY VS. REALITY lanterns The story explores the tension between the narrator’s idealized fantasies and the harsh Her dress swung as she moved her body, and reality he faces, leading to his the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to disillusionment and awakening. side. MATERIALIST AND ROMANTIC LOVE The narrator’s romantic feelings are The wild garden behind the house contained contrasted with the materialism of the world a central apple-tree and a few straggling around him, highlighting the gap between bushes, under one of which I found the late ideal love and practical reality. tenant’s rusty bicycle pump. COMING OF AGE The narrator’s journey is a rite of passage, where he moves from innocence and youthful 3.10 LITERARY DEVICES - IRONY idealism to painful realization of life’s complexities. IRONY A contrast between appearance and reality, 4.0 MODALS where expectations are opposite to the outcome. MODALS Modals/Modal verbs allow you to express or convey your attitude or mood in a sentence. 3.11 LITERARY DEVICES - EPIPHANY It may also speak of the intensity of a likelihood or possibility for something to happen. EPIPHANY Special verbs are also called modal verbs. A sudden, profound realization or insight Unlike the normal or the main verbs, they that changes a character’s understanding or only give additional information about the perspective. function of the verb that follows them. SELF-REALIZATION 7 COMMONLY USED MODALS The young boy experiences a moment of Must painful clarity, recognizing the gap between Might fantasy and reality. May Can 3.12 LITERARY DEVICES - Could FORESHADOWING Shall Should FORESHADOWING A hint or clue about events that will 4.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF MODALS happen later in the story. They never change their form. You can’t APPLE TREE add “s”, “ed”, or “ing”... Hints at themes of temptation and the loss of ○ The teacher mights have committed a innocence, referencing the Biblical story of mistake. Adam and Eve. They are always followed by a bare infinitive (infinitive without “to”). FALL ○ Students can point out mistakes to The repeated use of the word “fall” the teacher. symbolizes the protagonist’s inevitable They make questions by inversion. disappointment and the loss of his idealism. ○ She may be excused -> May she be excused? “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 6  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER Ideal for formal correspondences that state MODALS requests or demands in a suggestive tone. ★ Can be used according to the appropriateness Expresses an advice, suggestion, or an and suitability to a given context or solution. obligation (less subjective than should). ○ Possibility ○ Ability SHALL ○ Obligation Use instead of will in the first person to ○ Permission convey the idea that something must definitely happen/not happen (show certainty) 4.2 THE DIFFERENT MODALS Expresses suggestion (expected action) Shall is used in formal writing, like legal CAN documents There is a level of certainty. ○ Certainty - quality of being reliably SHOULD true, something that cannot be Conveys a personal tone (friend, relative, doubted close confidante) usually as a form of Expresses ability to do something (present), reminder or advice to modify action for permission to do something (present), a things that did not happen request, an offer, a suggestion or a Expresses an expected obligation or advice possibility. (more subjective than ought to) COULD WILL There is a level of formality or consciousness. Presents a personal tone to inevitable actions To what can occur of happen or events in the future that signifies ○ Consciousness - the fact of assurance and commitment awareness by the mind of itself and Expresses a wish, request, demand, or order the world (less polite than would), a Expresses ability to do something, permission prediction/assumption, a promise or a to do something, a polite question, request, spontaneous offer, suggestion or a possibility. WOULD Expresses the conditional aspects of MAY situations and contexts, usually signifying a Used in present tense to indicate something shift or change on how things happen or occur that is likely to happen. Expresses a possibility, wish, or request (more Expresses a (future) possibility, the polite than will), or habits in the past permission, or a polite suggestion NEED NOT MIGHT There something that is not necessary Used in past tense to indicate something that is unlikely to happen or situations that didn’t take place. 5.0 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Expresses a possibility (less possible than may), or a hesitant offer 5.1 DIRECT VS. INDIRECT SPEECH MUST There is a level of importance or urgency for what needs to occur or happen Direct Speech Expresses force or necessity/strong ○ Used when we simply repeat what obligation, a possibility (highest certainty), or someone said. a recommendation ○ Commonly used in books or in a newspaper article. MUST NOT/MAY NOT Indirect speech Expresses prohibition (must is a little stronger ○ When we want to report what than may) someone said without speech marks and without necessarily using exactly OUGHT TO “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 7  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER the same words, we can use indirect The word order in a reported question is the speech (also called reported speech). same as in a statement. The subject comes before the verb. DIRECT INDIRECT DIRECT INDIRECT Reports or quotes the Also known as reported exact words spoken. speech. The man asked, “Is the The man asked if the Vice President going to Vice President is going Its purpose is to report Its purpose is to report run next election?” to run next election. exactly what was said on what someone said by someone by using in the past. quotation marks. 5.2.2 YES/NO QUESTION Accompanied by a Uses reporting verbs To change a yes/no question into reported reporting verb, signal such as “say,” “tell,” speech, introduce it with IF. phrase, or quotative “said,” “talk,” and frame. “speak.” DIRECT INDIRECT 3 FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN She asked, “Do you She asked if I believe 5.2 CHANGING DIRECT SPEECH TO believe Pastor Apollo Pastor Apollo Quiboloy’s INDIRECT SPEECH Quiboloy’s statement?” statement. Pronouns ○ Changes in person pronouns: 5.2.3 CHOICE QUESTION ○ First-person ○ Second-person To change a question that calls for a choice or ○ Third-person an alternative into reported speech, introduce it with WHETHER. DIRECT INDIRECT DIRECT INDIRECT 1st Person - including becomes “He/She” yourself She asked, “Shall I tell She asked whether we her the news or not?” should tell her the news 2nd Person - You Becomes or not. “Him/Her/He/She” 3rd Person - others He/She/Them/They 5.3 CHANGES IN TENSE does not change DIRECT INDIRECT DIRECT INDIRECT Present Simple Past Simple PNP. chief Gen. Rommel PNP. chief Gen. Rommel Present Continuous Past Continuous Marbil said, “I want Marbil said that he people to feel the wanted people to feel Past Simple Past Perfect presence of our police the presence of their officers on the ground.” police officers on the Present Perfect Past Perfect ground. Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous 5.2.1 QUESTIONS AND WORD ORDER Future (Will) Would + bare infinitive Can Could “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 8  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER Have to Had to 5.3.4 PRESENT PERFECT - PAST Imperative To Infinitive PERFECT Present perfect is changed into the past 5.3.1 PRESENT SIMPLE - PAST SIMPLE perfect tense. Present simple tense is changed into past DIRECT INDIRECT simple tense. They said, “The They said the activists DIRECT INDIRECT activists have had protested outside protested outside the the Chinese consulate in He said, “The President He said that the Chinese consulate in Makati City as they signs a proclamation President signed a Makati City as they condemned China’s declaring April 10 a proclamation declaring condemned China’s aggression against the regular holiday April 10 a regular aggression against the Philippines in the West throughout the country holiday throughout the Philippines in the West Philippine Sea. in observance of Eid’l country in observance Philippine Sea.” Fitr.” of Eid’l Fitr. 5.3.5 PAST CONTINUOUS - PAST 5.3.2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS - PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS Past continuous tense is changed into past Present continuous is changed into past perfect continuous tense. continuous tense. DIRECT INDIRECT DIRECT INDIRECT They said, “The traffic The said that the traffic They said, “The They said, “The enforcers were enforcers had been President is urging the President was urging apprehending motorists apprehending motorists Filipinos to take the Filipinos to take who don’t have license who don’t have license inspiration from the inspiration from the plates.” plates. bravery, integrity, and bravery, integrity, and resilience of those who resilience of those who fought in Bataan.” fought in Bataan.” 5.3.6 FUTURE TENSE In future tense, no changes are made except 5.3.3 PAST SIMPLE - PAST PERFECT shall and will are changed into would. Past simple is changed into past perfect DIRECT INDIRECT tense. President Marcos Jr. President Marcos Jr. said DIRECT INDIRECT said, “The government the government would will expand its expand its partnership The report said, The report said Akbayan partnership with the with the World Food “Akbayan President President Rafaela David World Food Programme Programme (WFP). Rafaela David slammed had slammed Duterte (WFP).” Duterte again over the again over the latter’s latter’s lukewarm lukewarm response to response to China’s China’s continued 5.3.7 MODALS: CAN - COULD continued harassment in harassment in the West the West Philippine Philippine Sea. Modal can changes to could. Sea.” “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 9  ENGLISH 9 AY 2024 - 2025 2ND QUARTER DIRECT INDIRECT They said, “We can They said they could bring the donations.” bring the donations. 5.3.8 IMPERATIVES The introductory verb said is changed to told. The reported verb is changed to an infinitive. DIRECT INDIRECT His mother said to him, His mother told him to “Do it now.” do it now. 5.3.9 No changes are necessary to change into past perfect and past perfect continuous tenses. DIRECT INDIRECT She said, “Mayor Joy She said that Mayor Joy Belmonte had planned Belmonte had planned to impose stricter to impose stricter measures in the measures in the application, issuance, application, issuance, and usage of Quezon and usage of Quezon City PWD identification City PWD identification card.” card. IMPORTANT WORD CHANGES: HOW 5.4 WORDS ARE USED DIFFERENTLY IN DIRECT VS. INDIRECT SPEECH “LET ALL THAT YOU DO BE DONE IN LOVE” - 1 CORINTHIANS 16:14 KEIZHA DOMINIQUE DEMIAR PAGE 10