English Notes PDF

FICTION CHARACTERIZATION SHORT STORY - Creating and describing characters - Plot with distinct beginning, - Description of a character middle, and end....

FICTION CHARACTERIZATION SHORT STORY - Creating and describing characters - Plot with distinct beginning, - Description of a character middle, and end. ACCORDING TO PRINCIPALITY EDGAR ALLAN POE Protagonist – reader empathizes - Formulaic structure: Antagonist – against the main suspenseful climax and character included a dramatic twist at the end ACCORDING TO DEVELOPMENT SETTING Dynamic – development - Time and place Static – no changes - Vivid and interesting ACCORDING TO PERSONALITY - Immediate surroundings - Time of the day Round – different personalities throughout the story - Weather - Geographical location Flat – same traits throughout the story POINT OF VIEW PATTERN OF DEVELOPMENT - Way of delivering Exposition – characters, setting, situation FIRST-PERSON POV Complication - conflict starts - Narrator is a character who speaks using the first person Crisis - Curiosity, tension, uncertainty pronouns Climax – Peak of the story - Denouement – Finishing of things Resolution – equilibrium THIRD PERSON POV - Voice outside the action that PLOT TECHNIQUES speaks using the 3rd pronouns, Flashback – reveals past events to he, she, it, they. gain a better understanding 3rd PERSON OMNISCIENT POV Foreshadowing – Clues or hints to - All-knowing – can describe what is going to happen later everything that happens and THEME may reveal all the character's thoughts and feelings - Underlying truth 3rd PERSON LIMITED POV - Single character’s eyes and reveals only what he or she is feeling, and thinking  CANTERBURY TALES him. The tale culminates in chaos and humor when another suitor, Absalom, - Collection of tales told by a seeks revenge after being deceived. diverse group of characters THE WIFE OF BATH’S TALES GEOFFERY CHAUCER a knight must discover what women - Brilliant story-teller and truly want or face death. An old woman observer of human nature helps him in exchange for marriage. He learns that women want sovereignty, PILGRIMAGE and after marrying the old woman, she - Started at the Tabard Inn transforms into a young beauty, in Southwark, London showing that respect and equality are - Eternal life key. - 30 pilgrims from different walks THE PARDONER’S TALE of life Pardoner is selling fake relics THE JOURNEY 3 men seeking to kill Death find gold - Religious journey to Canterbury and turn on each other. Their greed to visit the shrine of Saint leads to their own deaths, illustrating Thomas that greed causes ruin. BORING (?) JOURNEY - Make the long journey more entertaining they decided to tell stories DRINGE ALERT - Best storyteller wins a free meal THE KNIGHT’S TALE - 2 young knights (Palamon and Arcite) - Arcite and Palamon, imprisoned by Duke Theseus, fall in love with Emelye. Arcite wins her love but is injured in a fall. Before dying, he tells Palamon to marry Emelye. THE MILLER’S TALE John is tricked by his young wife, Alisoun, and her lover, Nicholas, into believing a flood is coming. As John hangs in a tub to escape the fake flood, Nicholas and Alison take advantage of  MEDIEVAL PERIOD CODE OF CHIVALRY - Normas conqured England by - Knights tried to live to this code defeating the Anglo – Saxons in - Honorable, Courteous, Brave, the battle of Hasting Skillful WILLIAM (THE CONQUEROR) MEDIEVAL ROMANCES - Norman Duke in France - Imaginative incidents - 1st official king of England - Popular literary forms during the period NORMANS - Fantasy, adventure, and courtly - Changed English life love - Romance – deeds/love of noble FEUDALISM knights and ladies - Government, social order, and CHARACTERISTICS land tenure - Triangle or pyramid - Chivalry - Given land/protection - Remote time and place - Rank and social distinction FEUDAL SYSTEM - Supernatural - KING, SUB-LEADER, - Hero KNIGHTS, SLAVES - Spontaneous fighting THE DECLINE OF FEUDALISM MEDIEVAL LITERATURE - Romantic, influence of religion - King John sign the Magna Carta THE MYSTERY PLAY PARLIAMENTARY - Biblical plays - Pageants - Makes the law THE MORALITY PLAY EXECUTIVE - Characters are abstractions - Puts the law into action - Good and evil and pilgrimage JUDICIARY Everyman – oldest surviving English - Finalizes the law morality play THE BLACK DEATH FOLK BALLAD - Bubonic plague - Tells a story - Killed 1/3 of England’s - Common people in the Middle population Ages - Entertainment THE PEASANT’S REVOLT - Demanded a greater share  LITERATURE STYLE - Tells about people and their - Dif ways on how man sees life world BEGINNINGS OF BRITISH LIT - Latiin term “Litera” = “an encounter with letters” B.C and A. D - Teaches morals and values - Before Christ - Understand the world around us - Anno Domini - Develops critical thinking GREAT BRITAIN STRUCTURE - Julius Caesar is a Roman FICTION general and politician - Dictator - Entertain, to make readers think - Lasted less that one year and to feel - Assassinated by political rivals NON-FICTION in 44 B.C.E - Real life narration based on CELTS facts and history - British Isles FORM PICTS PROSE - Early Middle Ages - Information, relates events, ideas, present opinions BRITONS POETRY - British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages - Verse, measure, rhythm, and sound GAELS PERMANENCE - Gaelic languages - It endures across time CLAUDIUS SPIRITUAL VALUE - Conquered the land - It motivates and inspires people ROMANS INTELLECTUAL VALUE - Cities, stone, roads, and scholarships - It stimulates critical thinking LAST ROAMN SOLDIERS UNIVERSALITY - New people came in ships - Appealing to everyone across the North sea – the Anglo-Saxon ARTISTRY - Possesses a sense of beauty BRITONS - Romans left, they were unable - Forced to work for a thane to protect themselves against - Would wear cheap dull clothes their new invaders made from wool - Cornwalls,wales, Ireland WOMAN ANGLO – SAXONS - They were treated very dif from - Inhabitants of England men - Servants TRIBES JUSTINE SYSTEM 1. Jutes 1. Barbarians 2. Angles 2. Agricultural - Didn’t have prison 3. Saxons 3. Nomadic - People guilty of crimes were WITAN executed or punished - Leader or war chief, chosen by BELIEF a witan - “EVERY HUMAN LIFE WAS IN CYNING THE HANDS OF FATE” - Successful leader READING TECHNIQUES BRETWALDA - Strategies that help you read more effectively, efficiently, and - Strongest king comprehensively KING SCANNING - A strong leader became a - Keywords lead to a specific Cyning answer - Everyone had to obey his - Specific info orders - Know what you’re looking for FREEMAN (THANE) SKIMMING - 2nd most powerful - Main idea - In charge of a village - See what it’s about - Everyone had to do what he - Read the first and land of each said paragraph THANE - Use finger to guide - Skip over small detail - “Granted status” - Reward for military service CLOSE READING CHURL (CEORL) - Serious reading - Focus and attention - Common people - Detailed info - Worked on land for special - Sequence favor Patterns, comparison, and SLAVE (THRALL) contrast. - Badly treated