Engine Operations Manual: Nozzle Options PDF

SECTION TOPICS Nozzle Overview Smooth Bore Nozzles Fixed Gallonage/Automatic Nozzles Nozzle Construction Nozzle Maintenance and Checks SECTION OBJECTIVES Correctly identify basic CFD nozzles and their components State the pressure and flow for all combination nozzles Define Nozzle Pressure, Nozz...

SECTION TOPICS Nozzle Overview Smooth Bore Nozzles Fixed Gallonage/Automatic Nozzles Nozzle Construction Nozzle Maintenance and Checks SECTION OBJECTIVES Correctly identify basic CFD nozzles and their components State the pressure and flow for all combination nozzles Define Nozzle Pressure, Nozzle Reaction, and Flow Understand the SM20FLP Select-OMatic nozzle and its characteristics State the pressure and flow for each smooth bore tip size Understand the difference between a full round ball and a double cut ball Understand how to identify an integrated tip in a shutoff Understand basic station level maintenance for all nozzle types Second Edition 01/31/22 30 OVERVIEW CFD carries both Elkhart Chief and Chief XD series nozzles Most engines 2019 and newer are equipped with Chief XD nozzles This section will discuss nozzle components, nozzle maintenance, pressures, and flows ELKHART CHIEF NOZZLE Standard double cut ball shutoff construction; some newer models will have full round 1 internal shutoff Nozzles (most) come with integrated smooth bore tips ELKHART CHIEF XD NOZZLE Standard full round ball shutoff construction 1 internal shutoff Laser etched labeling Does not have integrated tips Tapered smooth bore tips Click here to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on the new Chief XD series TERMINOLOGY Nozzle Pressure the pressure required at the nozzle to achieve the designed flow o Smooth bore hand line nozzles are designed to be flowed at 50 PSI at the nozzle o Nozzle pressure for combination and automatic nozzles will vary Nozzle Reaction the force (measured in pounds) exerted from the discharge of water out of a nozzle back at the nozzle firefighter while the hand line is flowing Flow quantity of water measured in gallons per minute (GPM) Click here to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on Nozzle Reaction ATTACK HANDLINE CONSIDERATIONS Flow Target a flow rate of 150 GPM minimum for initial interior residential attack lines Reaction It is important to understand that there is a direct correlation between the amount of water flowed through a hand line and the nozzle reaction it produces. The more water is flowed, the more reaction is created. Flow less water, and nozzle reaction will decrease Stream Nozzles must be pumped at the appropriate pressures to maintain reach and penetration of the attack stream FREEMAN PRINCIPLE SMOOTH BORE This principle states that when selecting a nozzle and hose to build an attack package, the orifice of the nozzle should ideally not be greater than half the diameter of the hose This helps maintain the optimal exit velocity of the stream, which ensures the adequate reach and penetration needed for fire attack is obtained Click here to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on the Freeman Principle Second Edition 01/31/22 31 OVERVIEW Smooth bore nozzle options vary depending on the year the engine was purchased CFD smooth bore nozzles are designed to operate at 50 PSI nozzle pressure in most cases Pump operators must understand that overpumping or underpumping a hand line has repercussions for flow and nozzle reaction Smooth Bore Smooth Bore Smooth Bore 11 Smooth Bore Smooth Bore Smooth Bore Smooth Bore Second Edition 01/31/22 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 144 160 176 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 48 59 71 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 165 185 202 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 55 68 82 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 188 210 230 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 62 78 93 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 212 240 259 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 69 87 104 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 238 266 291 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 79 98 118 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 265 296 324 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 85 109 131 Nozzle Pressure 40 50 60 Flow (GPM) 293 328 360 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 97 121 145 32 SHUTOFF Newer style found on most engines purchased after 2019 Dual drive shutoff with full round metal ball Forged aluminum shutoff body and bale handle Under or over pumping will have repercussions for flow and nozzle reaction in either direction Does not have an integrated tip; it is just a shutoff ELKHART BRASS TIP SIZES Lightweight aluminum construction Orange urethane molded bumper 266 GPM at 50 PSI NP (98 lbs nozzle reaction) 188XD Smooth Lightweight aluminum construction Orange urethane molded bumper Can be pumped at a range of pressures based on the desired GPM and nozzle reaction 265 GPM at 40 PSI NP (85 lbs nozzle reaction) 296 GPM at 50 PSI NP (109 lbs nozzle reaction) 324 GPM at 60 PSI NP (131 lbs nozzle reaction) Click to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on Pumping the 1 3/16" Tip at Various Pressures -375-GAT SHUTOFF Forged aluminum body with a pistol grip PSI NP (121 lbs nozzle reaction) Older style nozzle generally found on engines purchased prior to 2019 ELKHART ST-185Indy Stack- 1 1/8 1 1/ 8 Can change tip size to achieve the desired GPM Second Edition 01/31/22 33 OVERVIEW Combination nozzle options will vary depending on the year the engine was purchased CFD combination nozzles are designed to be operated at a variety of pressures Pump operators must understand that overpumping or underpumping a hand line has repercussions for flow and nozzle reaction Nozzle Pressure Flow (GPM) Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 40 143 51 160/50 Combination Nozzle 50 160 57 75 196 69 175/75 Combination Nozzle Nozzle Pressure 50 75 100 Flow (GPM) 143 175 202 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 63 77 88 200/75 Combination Nozzle Nozzle Pressure 50 75 100 Flow (GPM) 163 200 231 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 71 88 101 250/50 Combination Nozzle Nozzle Pressure 40 50 75 Flow (GPM) 224 250 306 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 89 109 126 SM20-FLP Select-O-Matic Automatic Nozzle Nozzle Pressure 60 70 75 Flow (GPM) 67 156 204 Nozzle Reaction (lbs) 26 65 89 SM20-FLP/SELECT-O-MATIC It is important to understand that the ratio between nozzle pressure and flow is not a simple 1:1 ratio for this nozzle The more water that is flowed, the more the spring must be compressed to allow the increased quantity of water to be discharged. As the spring reaches full compression, the forces required to do so are very high. This creates an exponential growth regarding nozzle reaction and GPM as pressure is increased Pumping trash lines at higher pressures provides limited benefits, and it causes extreme workloads on operating crews. If more water is needed, pull a more appropriate attack line instead of over pumping a trash line Click here to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on the Select-O-Matic Nozzle Second Edition 01/31/22 34 TYPES OF SHUTOFFS Double Cut Ball Designed to allow the flow of water to assist with opening/closing the nozzle bale Creates turbulence within smooth bore nozzles and reduces the attack stream quality Less of a factor in combination nozzles The arrow indicates the double cut ball shutoff in the Elkhart Brass schematic on the right Full Round Ball Creates a smooth discharge orifice which produces a tighter stream with less turbulence This type of shutoff is preferred for smooth bore nozzles The arrow indicates the full round ball shutoff in the Elkhart Brass schematic on the right Click to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on Full Round vs. Double Cut Ball Shutoffs INTEGRATED TIPS One key difference between the Elkhart Chief nozzles and the Chief XD is the lack of an integrated tip in the Chief XD nozzles An integrated tip can be identified by the beveled machined edge on the inner face of the nozzle discharge orifice. There will also be a laser etched discharge size on top of the nozzle shutoff These tips create turbulence in the stream when additional tips are screwed on the end Notice the slight offset between the arrows. This indicates there is an integrated tip. The discharge size will be laser etched on it. Second Edition 01/31/22 35 MONDAY CHECKS All nozzles exposed to dirt, debris, road grime, etc. should be cleaned frequently. The nozzle is the primary weapon for fire attack, and it must be taken care of Inspect the nozzle for overall cleanliness and any obvious defects Check the bumper and teeth (combination nozzle) to make sure there is no obvious damage; check to make sure no teeth are missing or loose o Damaged teeth can be replaced by removing two allen screws and replacing the damaged tooth ring with a new one from Tools and Equipment Inspect the swivel to make sure it spins freely; inspect the gasket Soak the nozzle in warm water and mild degreaser (Simple Green or Dawn). Elkhart states that using warm water and mild degreaser is sufficient in MOST cases to remove dirt and debris within the nozzle, bale, bumper, and swivel While moving the nozzle in and out of the warm water/degreaser mixture, cycle the nozzle bumper through all ranges of motion (flush to straight stream). Open and close the bale to loosen and remove any dirt buildup After cleaning, dry the nozzle using a rag. Use lubrication per manufacturer guidelines; it must be a silicone-based lubricant. Only use a minimum amount of lubricant; any type of excess grease can attract dirt and grit, which can interfere with the moving nozzle parts Dow-Corning #7 lubricant is the recommended lubricant per the operating manual Click here to view Brass Tacks and Hard Facts video on Nozzle Maintenance ADDITIONAL MAINTENANCE Over time, dirt and grime can gunk up bearings causing nozzles not to swivel. This is NOT normal station level maintenance and should not be done on your own; refer to your senior engineer for their guidance if basic nozzle maintenance does not resolve the issue Used in extreme cases when nozzles are stiff and the swivels are hard to move The ball bearings can be removed carefully, placed on a towel, and cleaned with Simple Green. The bearings can be removed by removing the Allen set screw on the female swivel Second Edition 01/31/22 36