Endogenic Processes PDF

Lesson 2.4 Endogenic Processes ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND EARTHQUAKES MOVE AND SHAKE THE ROCKS OF EARTH? Lesson 2.4 MAGMATISM Magma is generated in one of three ways: The addition of heat...

Lesson 2.4 Endogenic Processes ESSENTIAL QUESTION: HOW DO VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND EARTHQUAKES MOVE AND SHAKE THE ROCKS OF EARTH? Lesson 2.4 MAGMATISM Magma is generated in one of three ways: The addition of heat The decrease in pressure through convective uplifting The addition of volatiles(water). Lesson 2.4 MAGMATISM Magma is generated by the addition of heat. Friction is created by the interaction of a subducting oceanic lithosphere and mantle along a convergence.  Lesson 2.4 MAGMATISM The If the pressure in the asthenosphere decrease decreases, large volumes of rocks in would melt. The melting caused by pressure decreasing pressure is called pressure release melting. Lesson 2.4 MAGMATISM The addition of volatiles (water). Certain tectonic processes add water to the hot rock of the asthenosphere to form magma. Lesson 2.4 VOLCANISM Volcanism is the eruption of molten rock called magma onto Earth’s surface through a vent. Lesson 2.4 VOLCANISM CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES Where tectonic plates converge, a plate capped by thin oceanic crust descends (subducts) beneath a plate with much thicker continental crust. VOLCANOES MOUNTAIN RANGES  Lesson 2.4 VOLCANISM DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma (molten rock) rises from the Earth’s mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new oceanic crust.  Lesson 2.4 METAMORPHISM Over very long periods of time, sedimentary or igneous rocks end up buried deep underground, usually because of the movement of tectonic plates. While underground, these rocks are exposed to high heat and pressure, which changes them into metamorphic rock.  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES There are three types of stress in rocks that happen in a plate boundary: compression, tension, shear.  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES TWO TYPES OF DEFORMATION DUCTILE DEFORMATION BRITTLE DEFORMATION When rocks bend or flow, Any material that breaks like clay, it is into pieces exhibits brittle called ductile deformation behavior. Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES DUCTILE DEFORMATION FOLD when one or a stack of originally flat, level surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, are bent or curved as a result of pressure and high temperature  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES DUCTILE DEFORMATION FRACTURE & JOINTS Joints are more or less Fracture is regular groups of fractures general and includes paralleled by little or no any break in rocks movement or orientation of rock components.  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES FAULT A fault is a fracture or series of fractures in Earth’s crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great. The Hanging Wall is the one with the slope on which you could hang. The Foot Wall is the one with the slope on which you could walk. Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES DUCTILE DEFORMATION MOST FAULTS HAVE A HANGING WALL & FOOT WALL  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES NORMAL FAULT Occurs when hanging Wall drops. The fault is an example of tension  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES REVERSE FAULT Occurs when hanging Wall moves up. The fault is an example of compression  Lesson 2.4 TECTONIC PROCESSES STRIKE-SLIP FAULT are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have mostly moved horizontally. This fault is an example of shear. Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE THE MAGNITUDE OF AN EARTHQUAKE IS THE SAME THING AS ITS INTENSITY. TRUE FALSE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE THE HYPOCENTER IS THE PLACE WHERE THE EARTHQUAKE BEGINS, UNDER THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH. TRUE FALSE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE An earthquake can only occur where plate boundaries exist. TRUE FALSE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE The fault is a single spot while the focus is a line or crack in the rock TRUE FALSE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE The Richter scale is what the news report will tell about the strength of an earthquake. TRUE FALSE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE  Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE P-waves S-waves Compressional or lateral waves Shear waves Arrive at seismometer first Arrive at seismometer Cause upward or downward second to the primary P motion when they reach the surface wave Least destructive of all seismic The most destructive of all waves seismic waves. Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE Lesson 2.4 EARTHQUAKE