Endocrine System 1 Lecture Notes PDF
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Uploaded by EffectiveRockCrystal2075
King Salman International University
Mohamed Talal
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Summary
These lecture notes provide an overview of the endocrine system, covering different glands, hormones, and their functions. The document includes diagrams, descriptions of the endocrine system, hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, ADH, oxytocin, and thyroid hormones. Topics extend to cellular and body metabolism.
Full Transcript
Field of Medicine Medicine Program Lecture : (Endocrine system 1 ) Dr : (Mohamed Date : /11 Talal) /2024 Types of glands: Endocrine gland Exocrine gland Release their secretions into Re...
Field of Medicine Medicine Program Lecture : (Endocrine system 1 ) Dr : (Mohamed Date : /11 Talal) /2024 Types of glands: Endocrine gland Exocrine gland Release their secretions into Release their secretions into the blood the external environment Ductless Have ducts Their secretions are Their secretions are enzymes hormones or sweat ( sweat gland , lacrimal gland ) Endocrine gland Pituitary gland Pituitary gland: anterior pituitary : secrete growth hormone ( acidophil ) prolactin ( acidophil ) thyroid stimulating hormone TSH ( basophil ) follicle stimulating hormone FSH and luteinizing hormone LH (basophil ) adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH ( basophil ) posterior pituitary : ADH Oxytocin Growth hormone Functions: On viscera : hypertrophy ( increase in size of cell ) and hyperplasia ( increase in number of cells ) On skeleton : stimulate chondrogenesis leading to growth of epiphyseal cartilage and elongation of bone Prolactin Actions: (only in females) Milk production during lactation Anovulation and amenorrhea ADH (anti – diuretic hormone) Actions: water reabsorption Vasoconstriction of blood vessels increasing arterial blood pressure Vasodilatation of renal vessels Oxytocin: Actions: milk ejection uterine contraction during labor Thyroid gland Hormones: Thyroid follicles: secrete T3 and T4 (thyroxin ) Parafollicular cell (C cell): secrete calcitonin Functions of Thyroid hormones On metabolism : Cellular metabolism : Increase size and number of mitochondria Increase ATP formation Body metabolism : Carbohydrate metabolism : Increase intestinal glucose absorption Glycogenolysis Protein metabolism : anabolic Fat metabolism : Lipolysis Calcitonin: Excretion of Calcium in urine Parathyroid gland not under pituitary control Secretes parathormone hormone. It’s action : Bone resorption Reabsorption of Calcium
