Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of gland releases its secretions directly into the blood?
What type of gland releases its secretions directly into the blood?
The anterior pituitary secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
The anterior pituitary secretes anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
False
What hormone does the posterior pituitary secrete that is involved in milk ejection?
What hormone does the posterior pituitary secrete that is involved in milk ejection?
Oxytocin
The primary function of growth hormone is to stimulate _____ and _____ in various tissues.
The primary function of growth hormone is to stimulate _____ and _____ in various tissues.
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Match the hormones to their corresponding actions:
Match the hormones to their corresponding actions:
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Which of the following hormones is primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism?
Which of the following hormones is primarily involved in carbohydrate metabolism?
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Calcitonin increases calcium excretion in urine.
Calcitonin increases calcium excretion in urine.
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What hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is responsible for increasing metabolic rate?
What hormone secreted by the thyroid gland is responsible for increasing metabolic rate?
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The _____ gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone.
The _____ gland is responsible for secreting growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone.
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What is the primary action of vasopressor hormones like ADH?
What is the primary action of vasopressor hormones like ADH?
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Study Notes
Endocrine Glands
- Endocrine glands release secretions (hormones) directly into the bloodstream
- Ductless glands
- Examples include the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands
Exocrine Glands
- Exocrine glands release secretions into the external environment through ducts
- Examples include sweat glands, salivary glands, and lacrimal glands
Pituitary Gland
- Anterior pituitary secretes several hormones, including:
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- Posterior pituitary secretes:
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- Oxytocin
Growth Hormone (GH)
- Function on viscera: Increases size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia) of cells
- Function on skeleton: Stimulates chondrogenesis (cartilage formation), leading to growth of epiphyseal cartilage and bone elongation
Prolactin (PRL)
- Function (in females): Stimulates milk production during lactation
- Other functions: Can cause anovulation (lack of ovulation) and amenorrhea (lack of menstruation)
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- Function: Reabsorption of water, vasoconstriction of blood vessels (increasing blood pressure), and vasodilation of renal vessels
Oxytocin
- Functions: Milk ejection and uterine contraction during labor
Thyroid Gland
- Hormones: Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
- Thyroxine is also known as (tetraiodothyronine). Parafollicular cells (C-cells) secrete calcitonin
- Functions: Increases cellular metabolism (ATP production), carbohydrate metabolism (glucose absorption), protein metabolism and fat metabolism (lipolysis)
Parathyroid Gland
- Function: Regulates calcium levels in the blood by increasing bone resorption (releasing calcium into the blood) when calcium levels are low
- Independent from pituitary control
- Secretes Parathormone
Calcitonin
- Function: Involved in calcium homeostasis. Inhibits bone resorption and increases calcium excretion in urine. Also regulating bone growth
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Description
This quiz covers the key functions and characteristics of endocrine and exocrine glands, focusing on the types of hormones secreted by various glands like the pituitary and thyroid. Additionally, it explores the roles of specific hormones such as Growth Hormone and Prolactin in human physiology.
