ENDOCRINE PANCREAS PHYSIOLOGY 2024.pdf

ENDOCRINE PANCREAS Dra. Carla Romo Jaramillo Anesthesiology / Critical Care Medicine Dr. William Gopar, MD Dr. Mariana Dorbecker Contreras, MD OBJECTIVES To describe the endocrine cells of the pancreas that participates in the metabolic functions of the pancreas. Integrate the structure, synthesis,...

ENDOCRINE PANCREAS Dra. Carla Romo Jaramillo Anesthesiology / Critical Care Medicine Dr. William Gopar, MD Dr. Mariana Dorbecker Contreras, MD OBJECTIVES To describe the endocrine cells of the pancreas that participates in the metabolic functions of the pancreas. Integrate the structure, synthesis, and secretion of insulin with circulating fuel levels, especially glucose. Recognize the different signaling pathways regulated by insulin to link insulin to its cellular effects at the molecular level. PANCREAS Identified by greek anatomists 400 years ago Greek meaning “all flesh” Retroperitoneal organ with the head of the pancreas lying in the C loop of the duodenum. Weight: 80 g (3oz) Length: 12 to 15 cm long (4.5 to 6 in) Amanda K. Arrington and Taylor S. Riall Sabiston Textbook of Surgery, Chapter 39, 941-963.e1 EXOCRINE PANCREAS SUMMARY 98% mass Composed by lobules acinar cells duct system (pancreatic and accessory ducts) 2.5 L of pancreatic juice daily into duodenum Proenzymes(inactive) enzymes (active) Bicarbonate (counter acid gastric secretion) From: Michael Murphy MA MD FRCP FRCPath, Rajeev Srivastava MS FRCS FRCPath and Kevin Deans PhD FRCP FRCPath. Clinical Biochemistry: An Illustrated Colour Text, 57, 114-115 ENDOCRINE PANCREAS 2% mass (1 g) 1 million islets of Langerhans (2500 cells) with 4 cell subtypes ( α, β, δ and PP cells) Derrickson BH, Tortora GJ. The Endocrine System. In: Tortora's Principles of Anatomy & Physiology. 15th ed. Danvers MA: Wiley; 2017. Islet of Langerhans Cell Percentage Location β 65-70% Scattered, concentrated in the middle α 20% Periphery δ 5-10% Secretion Function Insulin ↓Glusr Amylin/Islet Amyloid Peptide Gastric emptying & Glucagon release Stimulates satiety Glucagon ↑Glusr if