2- Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas, MPhysio S24.pdf

Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas Costanzo pages 444-451 RA Augustyniak LMU-DCOM Spring 2024 Objectives: 1. Discuss the synthesis, secretion and regulation of insulin and glucagon. 2. Describe the signal transduction pathways for insulin and glucagon. 3. Explain insulin’s and glucagon’s major metab...

Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas Costanzo pages 444-451 RA Augustyniak LMU-DCOM Spring 2024 Objectives: 1. Discuss the synthesis, secretion and regulation of insulin and glucagon. 2. Describe the signal transduction pathways for insulin and glucagon. 3. Explain insulin’s and glucagon’s major metabolic actions. 4. Discuss the pathophysiology associated with hypo- and hyper-secretion of insulin (e.g., Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus) and evaluate in a patient where the physiological problem originates given glucose and insulin level. 1 By the end of this session, you should be able to answer the following questions from Units XIV of Guyton and Hall Physiology Review 4th Ed. Questions #’s: Unit XIV- 7, 9, 31, 34, 35, 38, 79, 110, 137, 144 2 NOTE: Must be logged into Lecturio for the weblinks to work Optional Lecturio Videos Relevant to Lecture:  Endocrine Pancreas Hormones- 02:08 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25096  Insulin Basics- 02:22 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25104  Insulin Secretion and Regulation- 06:32 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25106  Insulin Functions- 03:00 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/61896/25108  Insulin Counterregulatory Hormones- 03:35 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/61896/25112  Glucagon Basics and Regulation of Glucagon Secretion- 02:29 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25098  Glucagon Functions- 03:37 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25100  Hormonal control/Signaling- 01:49 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/s/61887/35652?return=/search/phosphate  Pathway Regulation- 01:22 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/s/8018/35660?return=/search/hormonal%20control/signaling  Diabetic Ketoacidosis- 13:18 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/7814/7534/7020/21852  Types of Diabetes- 04:53 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/77804/23078/106382 3 Pancreas Contains Exocrine and Endocrine Glands Exocrine Pancreas Endocrine Pancreas Endocrine pancreas secretes hormones that regulate glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism 4 Which fuels can be utilized by each organ/tissue? 5 Biochemical Pathways…Nightmares from Fall 2023 Glycolysis vs. Gluconeogenesis Glycogenesis vs. Glycogenolysis Lipolysis vs. Lipogenesis  Gluconeogenesis- Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate, carbon substrates such as glycerol, amino acids and lactate  Glycogenolysis- Formation of glucose from glycogen  Lipolysis- Breakdown of adipose tissue to fatty acids and glycerol 6 Augustyniak "Hormonal Control of Glucose" Sources of Blood Glucose Fed state Fasted state Dietary carbohydrates Glycogenolysis glycogen glucose Liver Converted to glucose Gluconeogenesis amino acids glycerol fatty acids Skeletal muscle Adipose tissue Lipolysis 7 Augustyniak "Hormonal Control of Glucose" Insulin and Glucagon Maintain Blood Glucose Levels Insulin and glucagon are hormones that normally act in complementary fashion to stabilize blood glucose concentration. Diabetes >110 Blood Glucose