Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas PDF Spring 2024
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Uploaded by PermissibleBigfoot
Loyola Marymount University
2024
LMU-DCOM
RA Augustyniak
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Summary
This document is a set of lecture notes on hormones of the endocrine pancreas, specifically focusing on insulin and glucagon, and their regulation in the human body. The document also references supplementary Lecturio videos for further study. These notes are from LMU-DCOM Spring 2024.
Full Transcript
Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas Costanzo pages 444-451 RA Augustyniak LMU-DCOM Spring 2024 Objectives: 1. Discuss the synthesis, secretion and regulation of insulin and glucagon. 2. Describe the signal transduction pathways for insulin and glucagon. 3. Explain insulin’s and glucagon’s major metab...
Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas Costanzo pages 444-451 RA Augustyniak LMU-DCOM Spring 2024 Objectives: 1. Discuss the synthesis, secretion and regulation of insulin and glucagon. 2. Describe the signal transduction pathways for insulin and glucagon. 3. Explain insulin’s and glucagon’s major metabolic actions. 4. Discuss the pathophysiology associated with hypo- and hyper-secretion of insulin (e.g., Type I and Type II diabetes mellitus) and evaluate in a patient where the physiological problem originates given glucose and insulin level. 1 By the end of this session, you should be able to answer the following questions from Units XIV of Guyton and Hall Physiology Review 4th Ed. Questions #’s: Unit XIV- 7, 9, 31, 34, 35, 38, 79, 110, 137, 144 2 NOTE: Must be logged into Lecturio for the weblinks to work Optional Lecturio Videos Relevant to Lecture: Endocrine Pancreas Hormones- 02:08 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25096 Insulin Basics- 02:22 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25104 Insulin Secretion and Regulation- 06:32 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25106 Insulin Functions- 03:00 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/61896/25108 Insulin Counterregulatory Hormones- 03:35 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/61896/25112 Glucagon Basics and Regulation of Glucagon Secretion- 02:29 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25098 Glucagon Functions- 03:37 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/27344/27330/27096/25100 Hormonal control/Signaling- 01:49 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/s/61887/35652?return=/search/phosphate Pathway Regulation- 01:22 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/s/8018/35660?return=/search/hormonal%20control/signaling Diabetic Ketoacidosis- 13:18 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/7814/7534/7020/21852 Types of Diabetes- 04:53 min https://lmu.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/77804/23078/106382 3 Pancreas Contains Exocrine and Endocrine Glands Exocrine Pancreas Endocrine Pancreas Endocrine pancreas secretes hormones that regulate glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism 4 Which fuels can be utilized by each organ/tissue? 5 Biochemical Pathways…Nightmares from Fall 2023 Glycolysis vs. Gluconeogenesis Glycogenesis vs. Glycogenolysis Lipolysis vs. Lipogenesis Gluconeogenesis- Formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate, carbon substrates such as glycerol, amino acids and lactate Glycogenolysis- Formation of glucose from glycogen Lipolysis- Breakdown of adipose tissue to fatty acids and glycerol 6 Augustyniak "Hormonal Control of Glucose" Sources of Blood Glucose Fed state Fasted state Dietary carbohydrates Glycogenolysis glycogen glucose Liver Converted to glucose Gluconeogenesis amino acids glycerol fatty acids Skeletal muscle Adipose tissue Lipolysis 7 Augustyniak "Hormonal Control of Glucose" Insulin and Glucagon Maintain Blood Glucose Levels Insulin and glucagon are hormones that normally act in complementary fashion to stabilize blood glucose concentration. Diabetes >110 Blood Glucose