Electricity & Magnetism PDF
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This document provides a review of fundamental concepts in electricity and magnetism, including the definition of electricity, magnetism, force fields, electromagnetic waves, and notable figures. It also explains different types of generators and electric motors in simple terms, making it great for secondary school students.
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ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM LET’S HAVE A REVIEW! WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? A type of energy that consists of the movement of the electrons WHAT IS MAGNETISM? The force exerted LIKE CHARGES REPEL by magnets when N S...
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM LET’S HAVE A REVIEW! WHAT IS ELECTRICITY? A type of energy that consists of the movement of the electrons WHAT IS MAGNETISM? The force exerted LIKE CHARGES REPEL by magnets when N S S N they attract or S N N S repel each other. It is caused by the UNLIKE CHARGES ATTRACT motion of electric S N S N charges. FORCE An external agent capable of changing a body’s state of rest or motion. Force Fields: a. Gravitational Field b. Electric Field c. Magnetic Field ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Disturbances in electric and magnetic fields that transfer energy through space. NOTABLE FIGURES IN ELECMAG HANS CHRISTIAN OERSTED Discovered that electric currents create magnetic field NOTABLE FIGURES IN ELECMAG MICHAEL FARADAY Developed the First Law of Electromagnetic Induction NOTABLE FIGURES IN ELECMAG JAMES CLERK MAXWELL proposed that light is an electromagnetic phenomenon NOTABLE FIGURES IN ELECMAG HEINRICH HERTZ proved the existence of electromagnetic waves ELECTRIC MOTORS Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Principle: Electric current through a wire creates a magnetic field. When surrounded by magnets, the rod will rotate due to attractive and repulsive forces. Hydropower: Uses falling TYPES OF water to turn turbines. GENERATORS Wind: Uses wind to turn blades and generate electricity Fossil Fuel/Steam: Burns fuel to create steam, which turns turbines. Stator: Provides magnetic fields for the coil to spin. Rotor: Contains slotted iron laminations to reduce Eddy Current losses. COMPONENTS Commutator: Converts AC to DC voltage. OF DC Brushes: Transfer current from GENERATORS the commutator. Shaft: Transfers mechanical energy to the generator. Permanent magnets lining the motor casing. Rotor: Copper wire coil that spins when current TYPES OF flows. ELECTRIC C. Commutator: Reverses MOTORS current to keep the rotor spinning in one direction. COMPARISON: MODERATORS AND GENERATORS Motors: - Input: Electrical energy - Output: Mechanical energy Generators: - Input: Mechanical energy - Output: Electrical energy
