Yanpet Electricity - Introduction to General Electrical PDF

A SABIC and Mobil Yanbu Petrochemical Company Joint Venture YANPET ELECTRICITY INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL ELECTRICAL AT YANPET Marwan Owaidhah Electrical Trainer, YANPET, Yanbu SECTION DIVIDER SUBTITLE BASIC ELECTRICAL What is Electricity Generators Transformers Circuit Breakers Motors Emergency Sy...

A SABIC and Mobil Yanbu Petrochemical Company Joint Venture YANPET ELECTRICITY INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL ELECTRICAL AT YANPET Marwan Owaidhah Electrical Trainer, YANPET, Yanbu SECTION DIVIDER SUBTITLE BASIC ELECTRICAL What is Electricity Generators Transformers Circuit Breakers Motors Emergency System Substation Other Equipment 2 SECTION DIVIDER SUBTITLE WHAT IS ELECTRICITY 3 Classification: Internal Use ELECTRICITY Electricity is a form of energy. Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of energy. We get electricity, which is a secondary energy source, from the conversion of other sources of energy, like coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. electricity flows through the lightbulb filament, as a result the filament begins to glow and starts emitting light 4 Classification: Internal Use ELECTRICITY Electrical energy used for electric power, such as current used to power a light bulb or computer, energy that is converted from electric potential energy. This potential energy is converted into another type of energy (heat, light, mechanical energy). For a power utility, the motion of electrons in a wire produces the current and electric potential. A battery is another source of electrical energy. 5 Classification: Internal Use ELECTRICAL SOURCE There are six basic sources of energy that can be used to detach electrons from their orbits and sustain electric current. They are: 1. Friction. (Static electricity) 2. Heat (nuclear power, geothermal, steam turbine power plant and thermocouple) 3. Pressure. (certain types of crystals to produce electricity) 4. Light (Solar System) 5. Chemical action (Batteries) 6. Magnetism. (Generators) Friction, heat, pressure, and light are used primarily in specialized applications. Chemical action and magnetism are more commonly used to produce large amounts of electricity for general use. 6 Classification: Internal Use ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES Current Electrical current is the movement, or flow, of electrons past a given point in a circuit. Current is measured in units called amperes. An ampere actually refers to the rate of flow of electrons. One ampere is the flow of 6.25 x 1018 electrons past a given point in 1 second. Voltage Voltage is the electrical potential difference that causes electrons to flow in a circuit. Voltage is measured in units called volts. Resistance Resistance is the electrical quantity that opposes electron flow in a circuit. Resistance is measured in units called ohms. 7 GENERATOR 8 Classification: Internal Use GENERATOR An electric generator is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The process is based on the relationship between magnetism and electricity. When a wire or any other electrically conductive material moves across a magnetic field, an electric current occurs in the wire. 9 Classification: Internal Use YANPET GENERATORS YANPET contains two min substation equipped with two stand by generators in each. Generators are generates 4160 volts feeding emergency transformer located at unit substations. Generators start running when RC power failure covering some electrical critical systems and equipment. 10 Classification: Internal Use 11 TRANSFORMER Transformer Components of Electric Transformers Types of Transformer Transformer Maintenance 12 Classification: Internal Use TRANSFORMER Electric transformers are static electrical machines that transform electric power from one circuit to the other without changing the frequency. An electrical transformer can increase or decrease the voltage with a corresponding increase or decrease in electric current. The working principle of an electric transformer is based on the basic principles of electromagnetic induction 13 Classification: Internal Use TYPES OF TRANSFORMER USED IN YANPET Types of transformer Distribution Transformer Dry Type Transformer Oil Immersed Transformer Instrument Transformers o Current Transformer o Potential Transformer 14 CIRCUIT BREAKERS AND SWITCHGEAR Circuit Breaker Switchgear Location and Types Switchgear Compartment 15 Classification: Internal Use CIRCUIT BREAKER A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. 16 Classification: Internal Use SWITCHGEAR Switchgear is a term that describes a wide variety of switching devices that all fulfill a common need: controlling, protecting, and isolating power systems. This definition can be extended to include devices to regulate and meter a power system, circuit breakers, and similar technology. In the event of an electrical surge, an effective switchgear will trigger, automatically interrupting the flow of power and protecting the electrical systems from damage. Switchgears are also used for de- energizing equipment for safe testing, maintenance, and fault clearing. 17 Classification: Internal Use LOCATION AND TYPES Locations Switchgears are located anywhere that isolation and protection may be required. These locations include generators, motors, transformers and substations. Types Oil circuit breakers Air Circuit breakers Gas (SF6) circuit breakers Vacuum circuit breakers 18 Classification: Internal Use SWITCHGEAR COMPARTMENT At New YANPET At Old YANPET 19 MOTORS Motors Motor Types Motor Main Parts 20 Classification: Internal Use MOTORS A Motor is a device which uses electrical energy to produce motion. AC motors are used worldwide in many residential, commercial, Industrial and utility applications. Motors may be part of pumps or fans, or may be connected to other equipment such as winders, conveyers, and mixers. 21 Classification: Internal Use TYPES OF ELECTRICAL MOTORS An electrical motor is mainly classified into two types. 22 EMERGENCY SYSTEM Generator Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) Secondary Selective System 23 Classification: Internal Use BACKUP GENERATORS A standby generator is a back-up electrical system that operates automatically. Within seconds of a utility outage an automatic transfer switch senses the power loss, commands the generator to start and then transfers the electrical load to the generator. The standby generator begins supplying power to the circuits. After utility power returns, the automatic transfer switch transfers the electrical load back to the utility and signals the standby generator to shut off. It then returns to standby mode where it awaits the next outage. To ensure a proper response to an outage, a standby generator runs weekly self-tests. Most units run on diesel, natural gas, or liquid propane gas. Automatic standby generator systems may be required by building codes for critical safety systems such as elevators in high-rise buildings, fire protection systems, standby lighting, or medical and life support equipment. Residential standby generators are increasingly common, providing backup electrical power to HVAC systems, security systems, and household appliances such as refrigerators, stoves, and water heaters. 24 Classification: Internal Use ATS Automatic Transfer Switch Low-voltage automatic transfer switch assemblies provide a reliable means of transferring essential load connections between primary and alternate sources of electrical power. Data centers, hospitals, factories and a wide range of other facility types that require continuous or near-continuous uptime typically utilize an emergency (alternate) power source such as a generator or a backup utility feed when their normal (primary) power source becomes unavailable. 25 Classification: Internal Use ATS AND BACKUP GENERATOR 26 Classification: Internal Use WHAT IS AN UPS An uninterruptible power system (UPS) provides power to essential loads that cannot tolerate a short interruption to their supply. This generally constitutes Instrument TDC loads, PLC's and Solenoid and Relay Systems. These systems are provided with storage batteries that will maintain the essential AC supply to users in the event of a complete AC line input failure, for a period of time determined by the amp hour capacity of storage batteries. All UPS systems throughout the plant are provided with sufficient battery capacity to support essential loads for a period of at least 30 minutes. 27 Classification: Internal Use UPS BLOCK DIAGRAM Block Diagram Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) 28 Classification: Internal Use UPS SPECIFICATION UPS is generally designed for 30 min backup. This occurs without affecting the load performance. However, after the Ampere Hours (AH) of the battery banks alternative power source (diesel power generator) will continue feeding the load through UPS. UPS power is connected to critical loads such as DCS system, Analyzer system, IT System (Server), communication systems and fire system. UPS system are used to feed loads which : Cannot tolerate any interruption in the supply such emergency lighting and fire alarm equipment. Sensitive to main transients such hospitality patients monitors and heart & lugs machines. 29 Classification: Internal Use SECONDARY SELECTIVE SYSTEM A secondary selective system is a system, which allows a secondary supply source to be automatically or manually connected to a bus section of a switchgear when its normal supply source be disconnected, thereby increasing electrical system reliability and flexibility. All 13.8KV, 4.16KV and 480V switchgear have two electrical busses; each bus is supplied power from a separate incoming power line and power transformer through a normally closed incoming circuit breaker. These busses may be connected together by a normally open bus-tie circuit breaker. 30 Classification: Internal Use 34.5KV DISCONNECT 34.5KV DISCONNECT SWITCHES SWITCHES SECONDARY SELECTIVE SYSTEM 25X 25X ALARM ALARM 25 GF 51G 51G GF 27-1 27-2 GDS 50 51 51 50 GDS R R 480V SWGR 480V SWGR ALARM ONLY ALARM ONLY BLOCKS BLOCKS 86 TRANSFER SECONDARY TRANSFER 86 -1 SELECTIVE -2 SCHEME TRIP TRIP SS 52-1 10 52-2 SWITCHGEAR 52-24 480V, 4.16KV OR 13.8KV NO SWITCHGEAR LOAD SIDE LOAD SIDE CIRCUITS CIRCUITS 31 SUBSTATION PSU and UEC Motor Control Center MCC Battery Bank Battery Charger Electrical Types and Voltage Levels in YANPET 32 Classification: Internal Use PSU AND UEC P.S.U Power Supply Unit, sometimes referred to as U.E.C (Unitized Electrical Center) is an electrical building within each operating unit. It receives the electrical power supply both normal (provided by the utility company) and essential (provided by the essential generators) from the main 34.5KV Sub-station and step it down to the required voltage levels to serve the designated operating unit equipment providing protection & control functions. The term U.E.C is commonly used in YPT old section of the complex, while the P.S.U is mostly known at YEP. 33 Classification: Internal Use PSU AND UEC The PSU/UEC's consist of two major items: 1. Transformers Yard. 2. Air Conditioned Building It is typically it consists of: The MV Switchgear/MCC The Low Voltage Switchgear/MCC The emergency MCC DC Supply System consists of Lead Acid Battery Bank charged with battery charger 34 Classification: Internal Use PSU AND UEC 2PSU-1001 Plan View 35 Classification: Internal Use MCC Motor Control Center MCC is a number of individual motor starters all powered from the same mains. Each starter is contained in its own cubicle and withdrawable. Each cubicle is connected by a network of bus bars. Normally MCC is fed through the Power centers and load will be on one incomer. 36 Classification: Internal Use BATTERY BANK Battery banks with Battery charger Battery banks installed with the battery charger are for the supply of 110 V DC to the substation switchgear in case of failure of AC Mains to the battery charger. In normal cases, battery charger is supplying 110 V DC supply to switchgears but when mains failure battery bank will come in line to supply DC power to switchgear for a specified period of time. 37 Classification: Internal Use BATTERY CHARGER Battery Charger system is carefully monitored and controlled DC supply source to prevent equipment shutdown in case of main power failures. DC supply system includes batteries, battery chargers, battery switch, DC distribution boards. During normal operation condition, battery charger , together with DC distribution boards, supply auxiliary control power to switchgear ….. While During non- availability of normal power , the batteries supply power to essential control power (e.g. circuit breakers tripping , alarm communication etc.) 38 Classification: Internal Use PSU AND UEC 39 Classification: Internal Use PSU AND UEC 40 Classification: Internal Use PSU AND UEC 41 Classification: Internal Use ELECTRICAL TYPES AND VOLTAGE LEVELS IN YANPET Electrical Types in YANPET are: AC (Alternating Current) DC (Direct Current) AC Voltage Levels are: 115 KV at main substation 34.5 KV at main substation 13.8 KV at Poly 2 Main drive motors 4160 V feeder to some big motors and transformers 480 V feeding to some motors and transformers 220, 270 and 110 V to lights and outlets DC voltage Levels are: 110 and 24 V to some instrumentation devices 42 OTHER EQUIPMENT MOV VFD 43 Classification: Internal Use VFD (VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE A variable frequency drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. The VFD also has the capacity to control ramp-up and ramp-down of the motor during start or stop, respectively. 44 Classification: Internal Use MOV (MOTOR OPERATED VALVE) Motor operated valves (commonly abbreviated as MOV on P&IDs) are valves that are actuated by electric motors. Motor operated valves are generally large valves used in different kinds of operations. Due to the large size of the valve actuator, an electric motor is needed to open or close a valve. Motor operated valves can be used for both liquid and gas service. MOVs are found in various industries including oil and gas, chemical processing, power generation, and water treatment. Some common applications for MOVs include controlling the flow of crude oil, natural gas, steam and water. Combination of manual operated gate valve and quarter-turn electrical actuator operated valve in water pipeline for water treatment system 45 Classification: Internal Use MOV (MOTOR OPERATED VALVE) There are a few different types of motor operated valves, including: ball valves, butterfly valves, plug valves, and gate valves. Ball valves and butterfly valves are the most common type of MOVs. Motor operated valves can be actuated manually in the event of a power outage or other emergency. Motor operated valves must be installed by qualified personnel to ensure they are installed correctly and meet all safety standards. 46 ELECTRICAL TECHNICIAN JOB DESCRIPTION 47 Classification: Internal Use ELECTRICAL TECHNICIAN JOB DESCRIPTION Electrical technicians Troubleshoot malfunctioning electrical devices and equipment Use specialized knowledge to make repairs Read and interpret electrical blueprints, diagrams, and schematics Order and maintain the supply of electrical components that you need to do your job Use hand tools to complete repairs and installations of electrical equipment 48 TOOLS 49 Classification: Internal Use 50 Classification: Internal Use 51 Classification: Internal Use CONTACT ME Marwan Owaidhah @ 5574 52 THANK YOU