Major Philosophies in Education PDF

Major philosophies in education Essentialism Perrenialism Realism Progressivism Idealism Social Reconstructivism Existentialism Essentialism any philosophy that acknowledges the primacy of essence. Extremely important or...

Major philosophies in education Essentialism Perrenialism Realism Progressivism Idealism Social Reconstructivism Existentialism Essentialism any philosophy that acknowledges the primacy of essence. Extremely important or very basic Essentialists refers to basic education William Bagley popularized the essentialism in education. Idealism Idealism is born out of Plato’s “Theory of Ideas” Idealism recognizes ideas, feelings, and ideal are more important than material objects. Emphasize human development according to moral, ethical, spiritual values so that acquires knowlegde of unity in diversity Fundamentall principles of Idealism 1. Give more importance to spiritual world in comparison to the material world. 2. They believe that spiritual world is real and ultimate truth whereas the material world is transitory and mortal. 3. To know the reality of mind and soul. 4. Knowledge of mind and soul can be obtained through ideas only. Realism J.S. Ross, the doctrine of realism asserts that there is a real world f things behind and corresponding to the objects of our perception. According to Butter, realism is the reinforcement of our common acceptance f this world as it appears to us.(seeing is believable)  Realism Humanistic realism Only education can bring out human welfare and success Social realism Social realism proposes an education system can promote the working efficiency of individual Attainment of real knowledge will make human life happy and successful through fulfilling the needs of the society In John Locke's Locke philosophy, “tabula rasa” was the theory that at birth the (human) mind is a "blank slate" without rules for processing data, and that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's sensory He believed that education should be aimed at the John Locke acquisition of knowledge for the good of the individual, and not for the benefit of the group. He believed that the individual should be given the opportunity to learn and grow, and that the group should not be Commonly known for social Herbert Spencer Darwinism “Survival of the fittest” Social Darwinism held that certain human beings would become more powerful than others because of their race or group. The theory explained that people were subject to rules similar to those of natural selection introduced by Charles Herbert Spencer’s Theory of Social 1. Change from simplicity Evolution to complexity or movement from simple to various level of compound societies 2. Change from military society to industrial society John Dewey Learning by doing “Give the pupils something to do, not something to learn, and the doing is of such a nature as to demand thinking, learning naturally results” John Dewey Born on October 20, 1859 in Burlington, Vermont Died on June 2, 1952 at age 92 (Field, 2007) John established a laboratory school at the University of Chicago in 1903. At this school he practiced his educational Education for Children in John Dewey time was: Teacher centered Absolute control by teacher Learning was from text and teacher lecture Students are expected to repeat information either orally or in written form. Dewey’s Belief and Concepts Dewey believed that learning was active and schooling was unnecessarily long and restrictive (Neill, 2005) He believed that students should be actively involved in real-life tasks and challenges. Dewey’s Belief and Concepts Dewey's education philosophy helped forward the progressive education movement, and spawned the development of experiential education programs and experiments” (Neill, 2005). Dewey: interaction + reflection and experience + interest in community and democracy= a highly suggestive educative form- Informal education (Smith, 1997). Theodore Brameld The first pioneer of the social recontructionism  Education can Theodore Brameld transform society for the better. He believed that schools should help the individual not only to develop socially but to learn how to be responsible  George Recognized Counts that education was the means of preparing people for creating this new social order. Critical theorists, like social reconstructionist, believe that systems must be changed to overcome oppression and improve  Social Reconstructivism is George Counts focused on looking at what is wrong is society and seeing how it can be improved. Therefore, the instructional methods used in the classroom are focused on problem solving, critical thinking, research, and cooperative  Paulo Freire's key Paolo Freire principles in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed focus on humanization, liberation from oppression, and creating a more just and equitable education  Oppression is malicious or unjust treatment of, or exercise of power over, a group of individuals, often in the form of governmental authority or cultural opprobrium. It is related to regimentation, class, society, and  He believed that education had the power to break the chains of ignorance and empower people to become active agents of social change.