EDUC2021 Spring 2024 Intellectual Foundations of Education: Educational Philosophies PDF

EDUC2021 Spring 2024 Intellectual Foundations of Education: Educational Philosophies Educational Philosophies  The History of Formal Schooling How did your grand-parents get to be competent adults? Not all went to school Schooling reflects the growth of hum...

EDUC2021 Spring 2024 Intellectual Foundations of Education: Educational Philosophies Educational Philosophies  The History of Formal Schooling How did your grand-parents get to be competent adults? Not all went to school Schooling reflects the growth of human society: From farming to industry to the information age: in farming and industry children are labor force, but in this information age child labor is prohibited in many courtiers. Modern education started after the 15th century for religious reasons, then in 19th century for political reasons, and in the 20th century schools became more common and even compulsory. Islamic world: (859 A.D.)The University of al-Qarawiyyin located in Morocco is the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree awarding educational institution in the world according to UNESCO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_education#Universities Education & Philosophy Parkerson, Donald H., and Jo Ann Parkerson. The American Teacher : Foundations of Education, Taylor & Francis Group, 2008. Aspects of Schooling Goal of Education Curriculum Teaching Methods Teacher Role Evaluation  Philosophy helps us answer the following Take some time to answer these questions ! What are schools for? What subjects are of value? What objectives and learning activities to use? How should students learn content? What forms of assessments should we use? Major Philosophies Idealism Realism Pragmatism Existentialism  MAIN Educational Philosophies Progressivism Western Philosophies Essentialism All in the 20th Reconstructionism century Existentialism Goal of Education Curriculum Teaching Teacher Role Learner Role Evaluation Methods  MAIN Educational Philosophies Progressivism Essentialism Reconstructionism Existentialism Out of pragmatism: Based on idealism and Criticizes progressivism Stress individualism Education is LIFE realism. because it deals with and self-fulfillment itself. Came as a response to society as its and doesn’t progressivism because it change it to the better. Against School is a place to ignored such essentials and reconstructionism learn and practice failed to equip their students Schools need to build (individual versus the skills needed to with the basic knowledge. new society that is society) live in a changing This lead to a decline in committed to eradicating world. American students its main problems like intellectual achievement poverty, racism and compared with their sexism. counterparts such as Japanese students.  Goal of Education Progressivism Essentialism Reconstructionism Existentialism Teach students how Intellectual training Change society To develop a free, to think instead and intellectual through education self-actualizing of what to think. achievement Challenge unequal person. Develop human Rigorous ed power relationship. Take responsibility experience as a programs Examine the for their choices basis for Focus on historic connections and deal with the knowledge. disciplines not between language, results of their Students should be worthless subjects power and actions involved in Transmitting values knowledge Enhance self- deciding what to and cultural Transform discovery and learn because we heritage. relationships and to consciousness of see education as reason and act the freedom of democratic responsibly. choice. process. List the three most important goals of education in your opinion. Explain why? Now you do these goals align with the philosophies discussed so far  Curriculum Progressivism Essentialism Reconstructionism Existentialism Curriculum is Essentials: Democratic Students needs and experience-centered reading, writing, ideals interests or student-centered mathematics, history , Critical literacy: Learning: personal focusing on problem- geography, literature, Analysis of views and private solving rather than social sciences, languages ideas subject-centered natural sciences, and histories, and Individualized focusing on content foreign languages. cultures curriculum Personal Truth Personal awareness (of what?) Goal of Education Curriculum Teaching Methods Teacher Role Learner Role Evaluation Progressivism Philosophical base: Pragmatism Aim: To provide democratic, social living Knowledge: Growth and development, living learning process, focus on active and relevant learning Role of teacher: To guide Teaching method: Problem solving and scientific inquiry. Progressivism Curriculum Curriculum should be based on student’s interests. Should be applicable for human affairs (solving problem). Interdisciplinary subject matter. Focus on activities and projects. Reality is changing therefore no need to focus on fixed body of knowledge. Process is more important than content Progressivism Curriculum Relevant curriculum Humanistic education Radical school reform Essentialism Philosophical base: Realism and Idealism Aim: To promote intellectual growth and educate the competent person Knowledge: Essential skills, master of concepts, and principles Role of teacher: Authority in the field. Teaching method: explicit teaching of traditional values. Tough discipline. Essentialism Curriculum Essential skills (Three R’s) Essential subjects: English, Science, history, math, foreign language Affected by the demand of the public to raise the academic standards and to improve students’ work and minds Subjects that have contents are emphasized rather than process Essentialism Curriculum Back-to-basic curriculum Excellence in education Cultural literacy Reconstructionism Philosophical base: Pragmatism Aim: To improve and reconstruct society. Education is for change and social reform Knowledge: Skills and subjects that identify problems of society. Active learning with focus of contemporary and future. Role of teacher: Agent of change and reform (Project director) Teaching method: Case study, involve students for social responsibilities. Neutrality is not an option. Social analysis, interpretation, and evaluation activities Reconstructionism Curriculum Emphasis on social sciences and social research methods Examination of social, economic and political problem Focus on present and future as well as local and global issues Reflect Are there any subjects that are not essential? Physical education and art classes are always taken away to give time for math and science: what do you think this says about how our education views these subjects? Can ALL students learn with a standard curriculum?  Teaching Methods Progressivism Essentialism Reconstructionism Existentialism Project Method Lecture Critically analyzing world Individualized Experience-based Recitation events, exploring instruction learning Socratic dialogue; controversial issues, and Self-reflection Inductive discussion developing a vision for a Participatory Reasoning/Proble Mastery of subjects better world. discussions m-solving Use technology and Observe the reality of social Exitential Scientific Method instructional material problems (computer Anxiety to (verifying such as competency- simulations, role-playing, create self- experience not based instruction cooperative learning, discovery truth) and computer- internship, metaphors and Affective Critical thinking assisted instruction work-study experience experiences to master knowledge Goal of Education Curriculum Teaching Methods Teacher Role Learner Role Evaluation Which teaching methods will you use? Why? Have you ever had a moment in your personal life that affected your learning forever?  Evaluation/ Assessment Progressivism Essentialism Reconstructionism Existentialism Formative Sound academic Against standardized tests Against evaluation standards What to evaluate: Ability to testing, where the Testing, testing, think critically & expose Subjective process of testing (IQ tests, underlying assumptions appraisal/ learning is Standardized and practices assessment more achievement tests, Authentic assessment Personal important that Diagnostic tests, (Formative evaluation, fulfillment the product Performance based Conferences, Debates, versus tests) Cooperation between meaningless student and) grades. Goal of Education Curriculum Teaching Methods Teacher Role Learner Role Evaluation Reflect What do you think of using high stakes exams like the 12th grade exams that determine students’ future? https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-36380910  Teacher Role Progressivism Essentialism Reconstructionism Existentialism Advisor; As a Help students question social Teachers coach disciplinarian assumptions: demonstrating Facilitator Developing Transformational leader values of Guide students Change agent discipline not Director of morals. Shaper of new society imposing learning Continuously examine his discipline. thinking Collaborative Tolerance of ambiguity partner Open to diversity Goal of Education Curriculum Teaching Methods Teacher Role Learner Role Evaluation Reflect 1 2 As a future teacher, how What is the role of the can you play a role in teacher in making students creating educational aware of the world policies? problems? How to do that best? Differences between Educational Philosophies Authoritarian Democratic Product versus process of learning Process versus product of learning Experience/student – centered Subject-centered curriculum curriculum Convergent thinking (inside the box) Divergent thinking (outside the box) Eg. Progressivism, existentialism, Eg. essentialism reconstructionism Philosophy and Teacher Professionalism All professions have philosophical underpinnings. Educational philosophy is one important aspect of teacher’s professional knowledge. 32 Developing Your Philosophy of Education Philosophy can guide practice and help you explain and defend your educational goals. The process of developing a philosophy begins with examining your own beliefs about teaching, learning, and students. An analysis of educational philosophies can assist teachers in forming their own personal, and probably eclectic, personal philosophy. 33 Discuss the below in light of the philosophies studied. Take a look at the following teaching philosophy can you relate it to the philosophies we studied? https://oregonstate.edu/instruct/ed416/sample.html Educational philosophies are teachers’ ideas about what education is or should be, and they affect how they choose their teaching material, teaching methods, and assessments? How would you do this in the future?