Biopsychology (Psych 214) Coverage PDF

COVERAGE FOR BIOPSYCHOLOGY (PSYCH 214) Edited by: Normz EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL (EPSP) – INVERTERBRATE NEURON – nerve cell of an (gra...

COVERAGE FOR BIOPSYCHOLOGY (PSYCH 214) Edited by: Normz EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIAL (EPSP) – INVERTERBRATE NEURON – nerve cell of an (graded depolarization) results from a flow of animal without a backbone (insects, worms, etc. sodium ions into the neuron. NEURONS - receive information and transmit it SPATIAL SUMMATION – (summation over space) to other cells. Synaptic inputs from separate locations combine their effects on a neuron. GLIA - support cells of the nervous system, help neurons do their job. FLEXOR MUSCLES - These muscles bend a joint, bringing two bones closer together. ASTROCYTE - star-shaped cells that takes care of the neurons. EXTENSOR MUSCLES - These muscles straighten a joint, increasing the angle between two bones. OLIGODENDROCYTE - create a myelin sheath for the axons in CNS. CHARLES SHERRINGTON - physiologically demonstrated that communication between one MICROGLIA - immune cells of the brain. neuron and the next differs from communication along a single axon. EPENDYMAL CELLS - produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). PRESYNAPTIC NEURON - The neuron that delivers transmission. RADIAL GLIA - guides the migration of neurons to fall into place. L-DOPA - a precursor to dopamine, helps increase the supply of dopamine. SCHWANN CELLS - create a myelin sheath for the axons in PNS. ALPHA-METHYL-PARA-TYROSINE - temporarily blocks the production of dopamine. SATELLITE CELLS - protective bodyguard for neurons in the PNS. GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE - an energy- storing molecule. ENTERIC GLIA - support and nourish the neurons in your gut (digestive system). NEUROPEPTIDES – (chains of amino acid) as neuromodulators, because they have properties CAMILLO GOLGI – (Italian investigator, Golgi that set them apart from other transmitters. clung theory – nerve cells merge) Found a way to stain nerve cells with silver salts. NICOTINE - a compound present in tobacco, stimulates a family of acetylcholine receptors, REFLEX ARC - The circuit from sensory neuron to conveniently known as nicotinic receptors. muscle response. OPIATE DRUGS – (relieves pain), derived from TEMPORAL SUMMATION - when a neuron the opium poppy. Familiar opiates include receives multiple signals from the same source in morphine, heroin, and methadone. a short period.  METHYLPHENIDATE (RETALIN) - another ANTERIOR - toward the front end (NOSE) stimulant drug, is often prescribed for people with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder POSTERIOR - toward the rear end (HEELS) (ADHD). SUPERIOR - above another part (UPPER HALF OF THE BODY) – HIGHER UP COCAINE – (stimulant drug – risk of addiction), produce a rapid rush of effect on the brain. INFERIOR – below another part (LOWER PART OF inhibit the transporters for dopamine, serotonin, THE BODY) – LOWER DOWN and norepinephrine, thus decreasing reuptake and prolonging the effects of the IPSILATERAL - On the same side of the body neurotransmitters. (RIGHT – RIGHT) HALLUCINOGENS – drugs that distort CONTRALATERAL - On the opposite side of the perception, such as lysergic acid diethylamide body (LEFT – RIGHT / RIGHT – LEFT) (LSD)- chemically resemble serotonin. (Effect: hallucinogenic effect is that the increased DISTAL - Located more distant from the point of spontaneous communication within the brain origin or attachment. (FINGERS) dominates over the input coming from the sense organs. WHITE MATTER - containing myelinated axons. SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – (decreases CANNABINOIDS - the active chemicals in digestive activity), a network of nerves that marijuana, bind to anandamide or 2-AG prepare the organs for a burst of vigorous receptors on presynaptic neurons, indicating, activity. "The cell got your message. Stop sending it. PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – HORMONES – (function more like a radio (increases digestive activity), sometimes called station), a chemical secreted by cells in one part the "rest and digest" system, facilitates of the body and conveyed by the blood to vegetative, non-emergency responses. influence other cells. SPINAL CORD – (Part of the CNS within the spinal ANTERIORY PITUITARY - composed of glandular column), communicates with all the sense organs tissue, synthesizes six hormones, although the and muscles except those of the head. hypothalamus controls their release. CORONAL PLANE - the plane of the brain that SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM – which consists of divides it into front (anterior) and back the axons conveying messages from the sense (posterior) sections. (FRONT/BACK) organs to the CNS and from the CNS to the muscles. SAGITTAL PLANE - the plane of the brain that divides it into left and right sides. (LEFT/RIGHT) AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - controls the HORIZONTAL PLANE - the plane of the brain that heart, intestines, and other organs. divides it into top and bottom sections. (TOP/BOTTOM) DORSAL - means toward the back (BACK) VENTRAL - means toward the stomach. (FRONT)