Ecology ID List 2024 PDF

Identification Test List of organisms  Pinus strobus – eastern white pine Ontario’s provincial tree Soft pine Leaves (needles): fascicles of 5 pale green grows in tufts softer and thinner than other pines Cones: hang down 8-...

Identification Test List of organisms  Pinus strobus – eastern white pine Ontario’s provincial tree Soft pine Leaves (needles): fascicles of 5 pale green grows in tufts softer and thinner than other pines Cones: hang down 8-20 cm long Eastern Canada Great Lakes-St.Lawrence & Boreal forest regions Tsuga canadensis – eastern hemlock Leaves: short, 1-2 cm long tapered sides uneven lengths (2 ranks) flat, with blunt tip shiny green above, white below yellow-brown, pubescent twigs Great Lakes/St. Lawrence region Abies balsamea – balsam fir Leaves: dark green and lustrous white lines below tips rounded or notched needles in 2 ranks Twigs: slightly hairy round smooth leaf scars Bark has resin blisters Abies balsamea – balsam fir Fruits: woody cones barrel-shaped deep purple to lighter colour with maturity deciduous scales break-up from early Sept. bare axis remains for several years Pyramidal tree form Boreal forest region Thuja occidentalis – eastern white cedar Fruits: woody cones have a flower-like shape upright on short, curved stalk scales usually rounded at tips Juniperus communis – common juniper Leaves: glaucous-white on only one side only sharp-tipped leaves (no scale-like foliage like J. virginiana) Widest distribution of any tree or shrub in northern hemisphere Often trunkless with many long branches near the ground with upturned ends Taxus canadensis – Canada yew Leaves: linear with abrupt tip yellow-green ranked in 2 green above and lighter below Twigs are glabrous, green to brownish in second year Common in eastern Canada Salix spp. - willows Leaves often linear with a short petiole Twigs often yellowish-green in colour 62 species of Salix are native to Canada Salix spp. - willows “Pine-cone willow gall” caused by a gall midge Insect deposits egg in developing terminal bud in early spring Larva releases chemical that interferes with typical development, causing gall formation Adult overwinters in gall and emerges the following spring Populus tremuloides – trembling aspen Leaves: alternate ovate (egg-shaped, widest below middle) crenate (rounded teeth) or dentate margin (blunt teeth) flattened petiole Buds are shiny and brown and tend to be non-resinous Populus tremuloides – trembling aspen Bark has a greenish colour, becomes dark and furrowed with age Reproduces readily by sprouting and suckering Boreal species Populus grandidentata – large-toothed aspen Leaves alternate and broadly ovate (egg-shaped) dentate margin long, flattened petioles Bark is an orange- bronze colour Juglans cinerea – butternut Leaves: compound with 11-17 leaflets leaflets nearly stalkless terminal leaflet present distinctly pubescent on lower surfaces and rachis leaflets progressively smaller toward base of rachis Fruits: football shaped (5-8 cm) distinct longitudinal ridges fuzzy and often sticky Deciduous/Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region Juglans cinerea – butternut Butternut canker disease caused by fungus serious threat to North American butternuts enters through wounds forms sunken cankers under bark of branches/stem canker expands and girdles tree, killing everything above canker Betula alleghaniensis – yellow birch Leaves: alternate, ovate and simple double-serrate margins straight veins, 9 or more per side base is often asymmetrical, each ending in large tooth, with 2-3 smaller intervening teeth. Bark: yellowish-grey with tight curls (onion-skin)  Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region species Betula papyrifera – white birch Leaves: alternate and simple margins are doubly-serrate with a variable leaf shape base is smooth Veins 9 per side or fewer, each ending in a large tooth, with 3-5 smaller intervening teeth. Characteristic white ‘papery’ bark when mature Boreal forest region species Ostrya virginiana – ironwood Leaves: alternate and thin with a long tip veins fork at ends petioles are often glandular-hairy Also called hop-hornbeam Shaggy bark, in longitudinal strips Small tree, up to 12 m tall, 25 cm in diam Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region species Fagus grandifolia – American beech Leaves: narrowly oval 6-14 cm long leathery straight-veined with sm. tooth at end of each vein Smooth grey bark Great Lakes-St. Lawrence forest region Quercus alba – white oak Leaves: alternate, narrow 7-9 rounded lobes deeply cut notches glabrous below variable form (see P. 49 in Textbook of Dendrology) S. ON and Quebec Quercus rubra – red oak Leaves: alternate with 7-11 bristle-tipped lobes lobes taper from base to tip rounded notches tufts of hair in vein axils below Common oak of E. Canada (Provincial tree of P.E.I.) Crataegus spp. – hawthorns Leaves: alternate with simple leaf arrangement lobed with margins entire or serrated ❑ THORNS! Fruits are pomes in various colours and sizes ~30 native to CAN Prunus serotina – black cherry Leaves: alternate and simple have rusty pubescence on lower midrib 5-15 cm long Bark on mature tree like burnt cornflakes Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest region Rhus typhina – staghorn sumac Leaves: alternate pinnately compound 11-31 lanceolate leaflets Southern Ontario to the Maritimes Rhus radicans – poison ivy Also called Toxicodendron radicans Leaves: alternate with trifoliate leaflets (3) 2 lateral leaflets together, stalked terminal leaflet serrated margins often droopy petiole 5-25cm long Rhamnus cathartica – common/European buckthorn Leaves simple, opposite or sub-opposite thin sharp-pointed tip finely toothed margins 3-5 veins per side European species Naturalized in CAN Sometimes considered a troublesome invasive species Rhamnus cathartica – common/European buckthorn Twigs are often terminated with small thorns and produce spur shoots Buds are sharp and black Fruits are black, berry-like drupes that are persistent Purgative properties Acer saccharum – sugar maple Leaves: opposite, 3-5 lobes with long blunt-pointed tips rounded notches glabrous except for tufts of hair in axils below leaf stalk 4-8 cm long Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region Canada’s national tree - on Canada flag Source of maple syrup Fraxinus americana – white ash Leaves: opposite pinnately compound, usually with 7 leaflets leaflets have distinct petiole whitened below no teeth or a few rounded ones Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest region Dog-strangling vine, Vincetoxicum rossicum Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) Larvae Adult zoology.fns.uniba.sk 3 or 2 tails Gills dorso lateral on abdomen Single tarsal Swim up and down in “s” pattern Plecoptera (Stoneflies) Larvae Adult 2 tails 2 antennae 2 tarsi claws Gills on thorax Trichoptera (Caddisflies) Nymph Adult brachypodium.blogspot.com Anal pro legs with hooks Filamentous gills Legs and heads squished Dorsal ventral plates sclerotized Build portable or fixed cases Chironomidae (Midges) Larvae Adult portal.ncdenr.org Scelerotized head with eyes Flyfreefishstone.com Anterior & posterior parapods with anal hooks “j” shaped Coleoptera (Beetles) Larvae Adult www.cod.edu Cicle shaped mandibles Scleretized head 3 segmented antennae www.entomology.umn.edu Zygoptera (Damselflies) Nymph Adult Long tubular body 3 gills at terminus of abdomen Modified labium Anisoptera (Odonata:Dragonflies) Nymph Adult D.Hyslop Big head, big eyes Modified labium Flattened Move by jet propulsion from The rectal chamber Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus White breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura Downy Woodpecker, Picoides pubescens Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer Grey treefrog, Hyla versicolor The gray treefrog has “warty” green, brown or grey skin with large darker blotches on the back. Like many treefrogs, this species has large suction-cup-like toe pads. It has a white patch under each eye and is bright yellow- orange under the thighs. Adults may reach a length of six cm. Leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens Green frog, Lithobates clamitans Chipmunk, Tamias striatus Red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus