Eating Disorders PDF

Eating Disorders Define Disordered Eating ○ Unhealthy eating behaviors and worries about food and body image Define Eating Disorders ○ Extreme cases of disordered eating ○ Based upon specific criteria related to body weight and eating behaviors Define Body Image ○ P...

Eating Disorders Define Disordered Eating ○ Unhealthy eating behaviors and worries about food and body image Define Eating Disorders ○ Extreme cases of disordered eating ○ Based upon specific criteria related to body weight and eating behaviors Define Body Image ○ Person’s perception and feelings about his or her’s body’s appearance and functioning Can be negative or positive, or both Influence by individual and environmental factors Can play a role in developing eating disorders and disordered eating patterns Understand the difference between disordered eating and an eating disorder. What do they have in common? What differences do they have? ○ Disordered eating Chronic dieting Restrictive eating Binge eating Food avoidance unhealthy eating patterns Food addiction Over exercising to control weight Differences: Degree of severity, this can be less frequency or severity then eating disorder  ○ Eating disorders a psychiatric condition that involves extreme body dissatisfaction and long term eating patterns that negatively affect body functioning diagnosed by a medical professional Using specific criteria related to body weight and eating behavior DSM-5 Diagnosis ○ A manual that is used for assessment and diagnosis for mental health disorders by doctors or mental health professionals Influenced by many factors including genetics, temperament, and environment Define common triggers for disordered eating patterns. How frequently do they occur? ○ Cultural obsession with being thin or healthy ○ aka diet culture Refers to a rigid set of expectations about valuing thinness and attractiveness over physical health and emotional well being Emphasizes good versus bad foods, focuses on calorie restriction, and normalizes self deprecating talk What role does exercise play in disordered eating & eating disorders? Define body image. What role does it play in disordered eating and eating disorders? ○ a person’s perception and feelings about his or her’s body appearance and functioning  Can be negative or positive, or both Influence by individual and environmental factors Factors ○ Early life experience of our parents mentioning how body should look ○ Internal elements moods and emotions ○ Cultural and social factors Can play a role in developing eating disorders and disordered eating patterns a person’s body image strongly influences their behavior Define the commonly known eating disorders as discussed in lecture ○ anorexia nervosa Restrictive eating disorder that leads to severe weight loss due to one’s own judgment of weight being too large Self starvation ○ Bulimia nervosa Repeated episodes of binge eating and purging to maintain body weight ○ Binge eating disorders Recurring episodes of eating significant amounts in a short period of time that most people ○ AFRID (avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder) Eating disturbances manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional needs ○ OSFED (other specified feeding or eating disorders) Subacute cases of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa ○ Orthorexia Obsessive behavior to pursue a healthy lifestyle with food restrictions that might not be necessary  What is the etiology of eating disorders? ○ Risk factors Dieting Early childhood eating and GI problems Increased concern about weight and size Negative self evaluation Sexual abuse Other traumas ○ Precipitating factors Onset of puberty Parents divorce Death of a family member Ridicule of weight ○ Other mental health issues Depression Anxiety Substance abuse Body dysmorphic disorder ○ Coping mechanism Managing uncomfortable or painful emotions ○ Non discriminating All genders Ages Abilities Races Ethnicities Body shapes Weights Sexual orientations socioeconomic status ○ Not always visible Someone may look healthy, yet may be extremely ill  Define body dysmorphic disorder and describe it role in eating disorders ○ A mental disorder in which you can’t stop thinking about one or more perceived defects or flaws in your appearance Understand the characteristics and health risks of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder ○ Anorexia nervosa Characteristics Restrictive eating patterns Intense fear of weight gain Distorted body image of being “too big” Health risk Deficiency in total calories and eating behaviors Body uses fat storage and lean tissue for energy Reduction in non vital bodily functions Electrolyte imbalances Late stages associated with increased risk for organ failure 10-20% mortality rate Signs and Symptoms Eliminating food groups, limiting intake Deficiencies of essential nutrients that can become life threatening Intense fear of weight gain Distorted body image Amenorrhea ○ Loss of menstrual cycle for 3 months or more Approximately 90% female, 1-2% of the population ○ Bulimia nervosa Characteristics Binge eating in a discrete amount of time, followed by purging purging - compensatory behavior to prevent weight gain ○ Vomiting ○ Laxatives  ○ Diuretics ○ Diet or weight loss medication ○ Fasting ○ Excessive exercise Large amount of food Recurrent episodes of binge eating Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain Health risk Organ problems 80% are females, 3-5% of the population Signs and symptoms recurrent episodes of binge eating Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain Chronically inflamed and sore throat Swollen glands in the neck and jaw Worn tooth enamel Health Risks electrolyte imbalance Dental problems Kidney problems GI problems common on all eating disorders ○ Binge Eating Disorder Recurring episodes of eating significant amounts of food in a short period of time than most people would eat Episodes marked by feelings of lack of control Differs from common overeating More severe Subjective distress, physical, and physiological problems Focus of treatment Normalizing eating behaviors and focusing on satiety cues Understand the primary goals of nutrition therapy for each eating disorder type ○ Anorexia Nervosa  Nutrition therapy Prevent further weight loss Gradually reestablish normal eating behavior Gradually increase weight ○ Very slowly increase the amount of food because they are at risk for refeeding syndrome ○ Refeeding syndrome is life threatening Need to teach the body to receive nutrients slowly Maintain agreed on weight goal ○ Bulimia nervosa Tend to have fewer serious medical complications Nutritional counseling focuses on identifying and correcting food misinformation and fears Interrupting the binge/purge cycle Diet with adequate fat and fiber so person can feel full Ensure adequate calories for weight maintenance What is ARFID and what are its characteristics? What group does it impact most? ○ ARFID (avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder) Eating or feeding disturbance as manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional needs Impacts children, boys may be higher risk, kids on the spectrum Often related to fears around food ○ Choking ○ Vomiting ○ GI pain ○ Sensory issues Leads to extreme food restriction, malnutrition, weight loss, and apathy towards food Does not include body image disturbance Not explained by lack of available food or attributes to a medical disorders  Eat very high processed foods ○ Pizza ○ Fries ○ Chips Low desire to eat Skip meals Under eating What is OSFED and what types of disorders are associated with it?Define orthorexia, is characteristics and what groups are most impacted by this disorder ○ OSFED ( other specified feeding or eating disorders) Represents Subacute cases of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa Food disorders that don’t fall into the typical diagnostic categories for standard eating disorders Examples Atypical anorexia nervosa Atypical bulimia nervosa Purging disorder Night eating syndrome Chewing and spitting behaviors Orthorexia ○ Condition that includes symptoms of obsessive behavior in pursuit of a healthy diet ○ Often displays signs and symptoms of anxiety disorders that co-occur with anorexia nervosa or other eating disorders ○ Addicted to health ○ Can begin with legitimate medical diagnosis but goes too far  For example: if a patient has a medical diagnosis and they start removing certain types of food can lead to malnutrition