Mental Health, Well-being, and Stigma PDF

MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING  LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the 90-minute discussion, the students are able to: define the concepts of mental health, psychological well-being, and mental health problems during adolescence discuss mental health stigma develop self-awareness a...

MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING  LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the 90-minute discussion, the students are able to: define the concepts of mental health, psychological well-being, and mental health problems during adolescence discuss mental health stigma develop self-awareness and self-confidence by learning to accept positive feedback from other people create a plan to stay mentally healthy during adolescence What's one thing that always brings a smile to your face, no matter how tough your day has been? Mental Health -the achievement of expected developmental milestones and the establishment of effective coping skills, secure attachments, and positive social relationships. (Friedrich et al., 2010, as cited in URBIS 2011) Mental Health -a state wherein an individual realizes his/ her potential, can cope well with daily stresses, can work productively, and is able to contribute to the immediate community. (World Health Organization, 2014) Mental Health is considered to be a “right”. Well-being -it consists of positive indicators in the physical, psychological, cognitive, social, and economic domains. (Pollard and Lee, 2003, as cited in URBIS 2011)  Well-being -it consists of positive emotions, engagement, relationships (positive), meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA model) -Seligman, 2011  PERMA Model of Well-being Positive emotions- peace, gratitude, satisfaction, pleasure, inspiration, hope, curiosity, or love Engagement- it is achieved when we experience “flow”- when we are absorbed in a certain task or activity that time seems to stop and we are “in the zone” (Csikzentmihalyi, 2014)  PERMA Model of Well-being Relationships (positive)- good relationships are core to an individual’s well-being Meaning- belonging to and serving something you believe is bigger than the self Accomplishment- related to feelings of success, achievement, sense of competency, and mastery MENTAL HEALTH CONTINUUM Mental Health Conditions -are health conditions involving changes in emotion, thinking, or behavior (or a combination of these). These are associated with distress and/or problems functioning in social, work, or family activities. -American Psychiatric Association  -mental and behavioral disorders account for about 14% of the global burden of disease and as many as 450 million people suffer from these illnesses (World Health Organization) 14% -at least 3.6 million Filipinos suffer from one kind of mental, neurological, and substance use disorder (Philippine WHO Special Initiative for Mental Health, 2020) -3.3 million Filipinos live with depressive disorders, with suicide rates of 2.5 males and 1.7 females per 100,000 persons (Department of Health)  1 in 5 children and youth have some kind of diagnosable emotional, behavioral, or mental health disorder. 1 in 10 adolescents has a mental health issue serious enough to impair their function at home or in school. -Association for Children’s Mental Health (ACMH) COMMON MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS Anxiety Disorder -intense, excessive, and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations Anxiety disorder due to a Generalized anxiety disorder medical condition includes includes persistent and symptoms of intense anxiety or excessive anxiety and worry panic that are directly caused by about activities or events — a physical health problem. even ordinary, routine issues. Panic disorder involves Social anxiety disorder repeated episodes of (social phobia) involves high sudden feelings of levels of anxiety, fear and avoidance of social intense anxiety and fear situations due to feelings of or terror that reach a embarrassment, self- peak within minutes consciousness and concern (panic attacks). about being judged or viewed negatively by others.  Depression -major depressive disorder -a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest -depressed means upset, disappointed or a negative emotion after a bad incident -it affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems  Depressive Symptoms- Mnemonic S.P.A.C.E D.R.A.G.S Sleep Disturbance Depressed mood Pleasure/interest (lack of) Retardation movement Agitation Appetite disturbance Concentration (low) Guilt, worthless, useless Energy (lack of) Suicidal thoughts  Eating Disorders Bulimia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa -binge- eating and self- -excessive restriction of induced vomiting or food intake taking laxatives to avoid weight gain MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA The Stigma of Mental Illness “Stigma refers to a cluster of negative attitudes and beliefs that motivate the general public to fear, reject, avoid and discriminate against people with mental illnesses..." SAMHSA, School Materials for a Mental Health Friendly Classroom, 2004 The Stigma of Mental Illness "Stigma is not just a matter of using the wrong word or action. Stigma is about disrespect. It is the use of negative labels to identify a person living with mental illness..." SAMHSA, School Materials for a Mental Health Friendly Classroom, 2004  1. People should work out their own mental health problems. Not true. Mental illness is associated with changes in brain functioning and usually requires professional assistance. Seek professional help. But stigma around us, may reduce help- seeking behavior.  2. Once you have a mental illness, you have it for life. While it’s true that most mental illnesses are lifelong, they are often episodic, which means that the symptoms are not always present. Mental illness is managed, and people live positive and productive lives.  3. Females are more likely to have a mental illness than males Men and women are equally affected by mental illness in general, but women may experience higher rates of specific illnesses such as eating disorders and depression. Men have higher rates for some disorders such as alcoholism.  4. Medication is the best treatment for mental illness. Medication can be a very effective part of managing a mental illness, but it is by no means the only type of treatment or support that helps people recover.  5. People with mental illness are generally violent and dangerous. People with mental illness are generally not more violent than the rest of the population. Mental illness plays no part in the majority of violent crimes committed in our society.  6. Adults are more likely than teenagers to have a mental illness. Some illnesses are first diagnosed in childhood but many more begin to appear during the late teenage years and into early adulthood. 7. You can tell by looking at people whether they have a mental illness. Generally, you cannot tell if a person has a mental illness based on his or her appearance.  8. People with a mental illness are generally shy and quiet There is no strong causal relationship between personality characteristics and a tendency to developmental illness. 9. Mental illness only happens to certain kinds of people. This is incorrect; mental illness can happen to anyone.  10. Most people will never be affected by mental illness. When thought of in this context, everyone is affected by mental illness, either directly (by having a mental illness themselves) or indirectly (by knowing someone with a mental illness). A person with mental health condition A person with mental health condition  Taking care of our mental health Focus on character strengths Cultivate positive emotions Go with the Flow Drive toward the purpose Celebrate small victories  Taking care of our mental health Develop self-esteem Accept compliments Set goals Recognize what you can change and those that are not in your control Avoid comparing yourself to others Give yourself credit Have a growth mindset, view mistakes as learning experiences  Taking care of our mental health Develop social skills Understand different perspectives Listen with empathy Develop emotional intelligence Use the “I” message  Taking care of our mental health Get Support -Seek for social support (family members, friends, teachers, counselors, and mental health professionals) PRACTICE SELF- CARE!  PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE -the process of successfully adapting in the face of negative situations such as trauma, tragedy, and other significant sources of stress (like relationship issues, health problems, and workplace/ financial stressors. (American Psychological Association, 2011) “…the sole purpose of human experience is to kindle a light in the darkness of mere being.” –Carl Jung Regularly practicing affirmations has been shown to: Improve mood Increase feelings of positivity Reduce stress, anxiety and depression (Cascio et al., 2016) -Using affirmations can help people to make positive changes when it comes to their health (Epton et al., 2014).