Earth Science Grade 12 Quarter 1 Module 4 PDF

Senior High School NOT Earth Science Quarter 1 - Module 4 Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels Department of Education Republic of the Philippines Earth Science - Grade 12 Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1 - Module 4: Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro Schools Division Superintendent: Dr. Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, CESO V Development Team of the Module Author: Mercygel R. Dangel Reviewers: Jean S. Macasero, Shirley Merida, Duque Caguindangan, Eleanor Rollan, Rosemarie Dullente, Marife Ramos, January Gay Valenzona, Mary Sieras, Arnold Langam, Amelito Bucod Illustrator and Layout Artist: Darwin Dela Vega Estoque, Jessica Bunani Cunado, Kyla Mae L. Duliano Management Team Chairperson: Cherry Mae L. Limbaco, Ph.D., CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Co-Chairpersons: Alicia E. Anghay, Ph.D., CESE Asst. Schools Division Superintendent Members Lorebina C. Carrasco, OIC-CID Chief Jean S. Macasero, EPS – Science Joel D. Potane, LRMDS Manager Lanie O. Signo, Librarian II Gemma Pajayon, PDO II Evelyn Q. Sumanda, School Head Cely B. Labadan, School Head Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Division of Cagayan de Oro City Office Address: Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro Telefax: (08822)855-0048 E-mail Address: [email protected] Senior Senior High High School School Earth Science Quarter 1 - Module 4 Energy Resources – Fossil Fuels This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@ deped.gov.ph. We value your feedback and recommendations. Department of Education Republic of the Philippines This page is intentionally blank Table of Contents What This Module is About................................................................................................................... i What I Need to Know.............................................................................................................................. i How to Learn from this Module............................................................................................................ii Icons of this Module................................................................................................................................ii What I Know.............................................................................................................................................iii Lesson 1: Fossil Fuels.................................................................................................................................... 1 What I Need to Know.................................................................................................. 1 What’s New: Fuelled-up Crossword Puzzle......................................................... 2 What Is It........................................................................................................................ 3 What’s More: Picture Fuel-fect!............................................................................... 4 What Is It: Fossil Fuel Formation............................................................................. 5 What’s New: Let’s Dig Deeper …............................................................................ 6 What I Have Learned: Compare me Not!............................................................. 7 Fossil Fuel Formation: The Origin of Oil..................... 8 What I Can Do: Poster Making................................................................................ 9 Summary................................................................................................................................................ 10 Assessment: (Post-Test)................................................................................................................... 11 Key to Answers.................................................................................................................................... 12 References............................................................................................................................................ 14 This page is intentionally blank Module 4 Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels What This Module is About This module demonstrates an understanding of the various sources of energy that are tapped for human use. This module focuses on fossil fuels as source of energy, how these are formed and extracted. This will also tackle the uses, advantages and disadvantages of using such source of energy. Moreover, environmental issues and concerns will be given emphasis at the end of this module. This module will help you explore earth’s abundance in terms of energy resources, and how earth produces such energy resource. You will discover and at the end infer why humans should preserve and conserve natural resources, and the impact of using these resources to humans and the environment. This module focuses only on one lesson which is  Lesson 1: Fossil Fuels What I Need to Know At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. Describe how fossil fuels are formed. (S11ES-Id-10) i How to Learn from this Module To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following: Take your time reading the lessons carefully. Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently. Answer all the given tests and exercises. Icons of this Module What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that Know are set for you to learn as you go along the module. What I know This is an assessment as to your level of knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant specifically to gauge prior related knowledge What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of the current one. What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through various activities, before it will be presented to you What is It These are discussions of the activities as a way to deepen your discovery and under- standing of the concept. What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in- tended for you to practice further in order to master the competencies. What I Have Activities designed to process what you Learned have learned from the lesson What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show- case your skills and knowledge gained, and applied into real-life concerns and situations. ii What I Know Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices. 1. Which of the following sources of energy is NOT a type of fossil fuel? A. Petroleum B. Coal C. Geothermal D. Natural Gas 2. Which of the following sources of energy is renewable? A. Coal B. Petroleum C. Crude Oil D. Hydroelectric 3. What is the major component of natural gas? A. Ethene B. Methane C. Propane D. Butane 4. What type of fossil fuel that formed from the remains of marine organisms? A. Coal B. Geothermal C. Petroleum D. Hydroelectric For items 5 – 8. Arrange in chronological order the formation of petroleum and natural gas. Write letters A-D in the space provided before each number that shows the correct order. _____5. Layers of silt, sand and rocks and drilled today to reach the layer where oil and gas deposits contains. _____6. Marine plants and animals lived million years ago, died and buried on the ocean floor. _____7. As the remains of the dead organisms buried deeper and deeper over millions of years, it experienced the extreme heat and pressure underneath that turned them into oil and gas. _____8. There remains were covered by layers of sand and silt over time. For items 9 and 10. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using fossil fuel. iii This page is intentionally blank iv Lesson Fossil Fuel 1 What I Need to Know Our planet earth, aside from its distinctness from other planets due to inhabitation of human and other life forms, is blessed with the bounty of its natural resources. From its abiotic resources (water, air, soil, land, minerals, etc.) to its biotic resources (plants, animals, etc.), it can be said that living in this planet is a blessing. Earth provides vast amount of resources for human needs and consumption, for its survival and advancement. Figure1. Earth’s Abundance of Natural Resources Try to look at your surrounding? Do you know what they are made of? Look at the things inside your home. Can you site the materials needed and where they came from? Everything comes from the resources that the earth possesses. You may notice that most of the materials used in your home came from abiotic resources, from your gadgets to your appliances. How about biotic resources? Is it only for food and the uses of wood? Let us dwell on the abiotic resources. Get ready to discover and be amazed on some of its important uses of these resources. 1 At the end of this lesson, you are expected to describe how fossil fuels are formed. (Earth Science MELC 7) Lesson objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. cite examples of fossil fuels; 2. trace how fossil fuels are formed; 3. compare and contrast coal and oil; and 4. cite uses of fossil fuels and its environmental concerns. What’s New Activity 1: Fuelled-up Crossword Puzzle Direction: Fuel up your brain by completing this crossword puzzle. Read carefully the description given in the clue section below so you could be able to arrange correctly the scrambled word/s after each description. Once you have deciphered the code, write it down on the puzzle table. Horizontal Vertical 1. An odorless, colorless hydrocarbon gas 1. A liquid fossil fuel composed of that is composed mainly of methane (CH4). hydrocarbons, also called as crude oil that (UTNAALR ASG) can be refined to form fuel. (OPTLEMURE) 2. A solid rock form of fossil fuel made of carbon content material and other trace 2. Energy resources that came from the buried, elements. fossilized remains of living organisms like (OLCA) animals and plants that lived millions of years ago. (ISFOLS FULSE) 3. A liquid type of fossil fuel made mostly of hydrocarbon. (LIO) 2 What Is It Fossil fuels are source of energy derived from the fossilized remains of once living plants and animals million years ago. Those remains of dead plants and animals long time ago were buried and fossilized in the earth’s crust, thus this fuels are found beneath the earth’s surface. Since this fuel originated from the remains of once living organisms, fossil fuels composed mainly of high content of carbon and hydrogen, called hydrocarbons. Fossil fuels includes coal, oil (includes petroleum or crude oil) and natural gas. Figure 2. Fossil Fuels Coal is a type of fossil fuel that is non-renewable source of energy. It is a solid rock form of fossil fuel that originated from the dead plant and animal matter that piled up in layers for over million years ago. Its material is highly composed of carbon content. Coal can be extracted using two methods: surface mining and underground mining. Surface mining, also known as strip mining, involves the removal of the entire layer of rock and soil to access the coal deposit beneath the surface. Underground mining involves the usage of heavy machinery to cut coal from deep underground deposits. Oil / Crude oil or also known as Petroleum is another type of fossil fuel that is non- renewable. It is a liquid type of fossil fuel composed mostly of hydrocarbons. Like coal, petroleum originates from the remains of living organisms. Petroleum comes from ancient marine organisms like marine plants, algae and bacteria. This can be extracted by drilling on land or at sea. It can also be extracted through strip mining in the case of tar sands oil and oil shale. Once extracted, this oil will be transported to refineries to transform oil into usable fuels like propane, kerosene, gasoline and other fuel products. Also it is used in making plastic and paint products. Natural gas is a type of fossil fuel that is odorless, colorless hydrocarbon gas. It made up of hydrocarbon that is mostly methane (CH4). Natural gas, like other types of fossil fuels, is originated from the remains of plants, animals, microorganisms that once lived millions of years ago. If a natural gas is found in porous and permeable rock beds or mixed into oil reservoirs which can be extracted through drilling, this is called conventional natural gas. On the other hand, unconventional natural gas are those that are too difficult or expensive to extract and require a special stimulation technique like fracking. Now you have knowledge on fossil fuels and its type, let’s dig deeper! 3 What’s More Activity 2: Picture Fuel-fect! Direction: Every picture has a story to tell. Below are pictures given in chronological order to perfectly describe and tell a short story of the formation of fossil fuel. The story of each picture are posted and scrambled in the story board. Pick a strip and rewrite it in the callouts found above each picture. Picture Perfect No. 1 - COAL FORMATION Figure 3. Coal Formation STORY BOARD Remains of plants Due to high heat and Giant plants died in were buried pressure underneath swamps million years, underwater and dirt the ground, the remains ago before the over millions of years. of the plants turned into dinosaurs. coal. 4 Picture Perfect No. 2 - PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION Figure 4. Petroleum and Natural Gas Formation PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS FORMATION STORY BOARD Layers of silt, sand and Marine plants and animals As the remains of the dead rocks and drilled today to lived million years ago, died organisms buried deeper reach the layer where oil and buried on the ocean and deeper over millions of and gas deposits contains. floor. years, it experienced the There remains were extreme heat and pressure covered by layers of sand underneath that turned them and silt over time. into oil and gas. What Is It Process of formation of the different types of fossil fuels is almost the same. They both originated from the remains of living organisms that lived millions of years ago. However, coal formed from vegetation while oil came from marine organisms. Over millions of years, the remains of these organisms were buried deeper beneath the earth’s surface as time passes by. As the remains buried deeper, it will experienced extreme heat and pressure beneath. Due to high pressure and temperature, this will result to the formation of fossil fuels. Nowadays, these fossil fuels are drilled and extracted for human used. Coals are fuelled in power plants to generate electricity. Oils are refined and transformed into usable fuel like gasoline that fuels your engine. Natural gas is now used for fuel and a source of energy for electricity. 5 What’s New Activity 3: Let’s Dig Deeper! Direction: Let’s gain more knowledge. You may do some research on the web to complete the table. You need to enumerate at least five uses of each type of fossil fuel. Also, you need to identify the type of fossil fuel as renewable energy resource or not. Lastly, infer environmental concerns related to each type of fossil fuel. Table 1. Energy Type, Uses and Environmental Concerns Type of Uses Renewable Environmental Concerns Fossil or Not? Fuel Coal Oil Natural Gas For more information on fossil fuels, visit the following link: Now that you have discovered further about fossil fuels, let’s test your learning. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQncFcuYWos  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YHsxXEVB1M  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PDOD_FEnNk \ 6 What I Have Learned Activity 4: Compare me Not! Direction: It’s time to synthesize your learning. Table 2 below contains statements that will describe coal and oil. Organize them on the Venn diagram to show comparison and contrast between coal and oil. Table 2. Description of Coal and Oil Formed from marine organisms Typical power plant fuel Formed from vegetation Buried during formation Source of carbon dioxide Takes millions of years to form Example of a fossil fuel Contains carbon Migrates up after formed Formed from kerogen Non-renewable Four varieties (carbon content) Used for electricity Most reserves in Middle East Venn Diagram Coal Oil Both 7 Activity 5: Fossil Fuel Formation: The Origin of Oil Direction: Read carefully the statement in each strips. Arrange them in correct chronological order of how petroleum forms. Write the chronological order of letters on the space provided below the table. A Oil floats on water, and gas is even lighter than oil, so petroleum and natural gas move upward within the reservoir rock until they are stopped by an impermeable sedimentary layer such as shale, which forms a trap. B The crude oil is transported to a refinery, where it is separated by distillation and other processes into fuels such as gasoline, butane, kerosene, liquid petroleum gas, jet fuel, diesel fuel, fuel oil, and chemicals used to manufacture plastics. C Over time, layer upon layer of marine sediments accumulate, containing the remains of planktonic organisms. D With even more heat and pressure, the hydrocarbons are broken down into petroleum (oil) and natural gas. E As the planktonic organisms die, their remains begin to settle to the sea floor under anoxic conditions (without oxygen). F Wells are drilled into the ground in the oil field to extract the petroleum, which is called crude oil. G The story of oil and gas begins with planktonic organisms living in the ocean (or in lakes). H With the high temperatures and pressures of greater depth of burial, the kerogen begins to change into hydrocarbons. I More and more petroleum and natural gas accumulate and become concentrated in the trap, forming an oil field. J The petroleum and natural gas migrate into porous and permeable sedimentary rocks such as sandstone, which serves as a petroleum reservoir rock. K Thick sequences of sediments are deposited, and the planktonic organisms buried in them are heated and compressed until the organic matter begins to change into kerogen, a solid, waxy organic material. L Zooplankton eat phytoplankton (algae) that use the Sun’s energy to produce organic matter and energy through photosynthesis. M Geologists use various tools, such as seismic surveys, to study Earth to locate oil fields beneath the ground. If a location seems promising, drilling may begin. Adapted from: https://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/teaching_materials/change_inthe_air/activity4.html What’s your order? _________________________________________________________________________ 8 What I Can Do Activity 6: Poster Making Direction: In a 1/8 illustration board, make a poster that shows the formation of fossil. Also, it should depict the advantages and disadvantages of using fossil fuels. RUBRICS Category 4 3 2 1 The poster The poster clearly The poster The poster does clearly communicates indirectly not sufficiently Presentation communicates some of the communicates communicate the main idea important ideas the idea and any idea that and strongly and slightly hardly promotes can promote promotes promotes awareness. awareness. awareness. awareness. All of the Most of the The graphics The graphics graphics used graphics used on were made by the were not made Creativity on the poster the poster reflect student but were by the student. and reflect an student ingenuity copied from the Originality exceptional in their creation. designs or ideas degree of of others. student ingenuity in their creation. All graphics in Most graphics in Some graphics in The graphics in Accuracy the poster are the poster are the poster are the poster are and accurate and accurate and accurate and neither accurate relevance related to the related to the related to the nor related to topic. topic. topic. the topic. The poster All required Few required Required includes all elements are elements are elements are Required required included. included. missing. Element elements as well as additional information. Adapted from: Liza Alvarez, et al. Science 9 Learner’s Module (Philippines: Department of Education, 2017), 27 9 Summary 1. Fossil fuels are source of energy derived from the fossilized remains of once living plants and animals million years ago. 2. Fossil Fuels are non-renewable type of energy resource. 3. Fossil fuels are composed of hydrocarbons. 4. There are three types of fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. 5. Coal is a solid rock form of fossil fuel that originated from the dead plant and animal matter that piled up in layers for over million years ago. 6. Oil also known as petroleum, is a liquid type of fossil fuel composed mostly of hydrocarbons. 7. Natural gas is a type of fossil fuel that is odorless, colorless hydrocarbon gas. And is made mostly of methane (CH4). 8. Fossil fuels are commonly used as energy to power engines and other materials at home and industries for these to work. 9. Fossil fuels as non-renewable source of energy have disadvantages and could impact negatively to the environment especially during its combustion since it produces carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. 10 Assessment: (Post-Test) Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given choices. 1. Which of the following sources of energy is NOT a type of fossil fuel? A. Petroleum B. Coal C. Geothermal D. Natural Gas 2. Which of the following sources of energy is renewable? A. Coal B. Petroleum C. Crude Oil D. Hydroelectric 3. What is the major component of natural gas? A. Ethene B. Methane C. Propane D. Butane 4. What type of fossil fuel that formed from the remains of marine organisms? A. Coal B. Geothermal C. Petroleum D. Hydroelectric For items 5 – 8. Arrange in chronological order the formation of petroleum and natural gas. Write letters A-D in the space provided before each number that shows the correct order. _____5. Layers of silt, sand and rocks and drilled today to reach the layer where oil and gas deposits contains. _____6. Marine plants and animals lived million years ago, died and buried on the ocean floor. _____7. As the remains of the dead organisms buried deeper and deeper over millions of years, it experienced the extreme heat and pressure underneath that turned them into oil and gas. _____8. There remains were covered by layers of sand and silt over time. For items 9 and 10. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using fossil fuel. 11 12 Activity 3 Activity 2.1 1. Giant plants died in swamps million years, ago before the dinosaurs. 2. Remains of plants were buried underwater and dirt over millions of years. 3. Due to high heat and pressure underneath the ground, the remains of the plants turned into coal. Activity 2.2 1. Marine plants and animals lived million years ago, died and buried on the ocean floor. There remains were covered by layers of sand and silt over time. 2. Layers of silt, sand and rocks and drilled today to reach the layer where oil and gas deposits contains. 3. As the remains of the dead organisms buried deeper and deeper over millions of years, it experienced the extreme heat and pressure underneath that turned them into oil and gas. 4. Activity 1 Pre/PostTest Horizontal 1. C – Geothermal 2. D - Hydroelectric 1. NATURAL GAS 3. B -Methane 2. COAL 4. C - Petroleum 3. OIL 5. D 6. A Vertical 7. C 8. B 1. PETROLEUM 9. Answer may vary 2. FOSSIL FUEL 10. Answer may vary Key to Answers 13 Activity 5 GLECKHDJAIMFB Activity 4 Oil Both Coal  Formed from marine  Source of carbon  Formed from organisms dioxide vegetation  Migrates up after  Example of a fossil  Used for electricity formed fuel  Typical power plant  Formed from kerogen  Non-renewable fuel  Most reserves in  Takes millions of  Four varieties Middle East years to form (carbon content)  Contains carbon References Learning Manual Alvarez, Liza, Dave Angeles, Hernan Apurada, Ma. Pilar Carmona, Oliver Lahorra, Judith Marcaida, Ma. Regaele Olarte et al. Science 9 Learner’s Module. Philippines: Department of Education, 2017. Websites ———. “Petroleum.” National Geographic Society, January 14, 2013. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/petroleum/. Gore, Pamela. “Unit 4: Fossil Fuel Formation.” Carbon, Climate, and Energy Resources, April 15, 2020. https://serc.carleton.edu/integrate/teaching_materials/change_inthe_air/activity4.html. National Geographic Society. “Coal.” National Geographic Society, December 18, 2012. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/coal/. National Geographic Society. “Natural Gas.” National Geographic Society, October 9, 2012. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/natural-gas/. Nunez, Christina. “Fossil Fuels, Explained.” Fossil fuels-facts and information, April 2, 2019. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/energy/reference/fossil-fuels/. Online Videos ———. “Coal, Oil, and Natural Gas”. GeoScience Videos. Posted on November 21, 2014.Youtube video, 6:47. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQncFcuYWos ———. “Formation of Reservoir Rock/ Oil & Gas Animation”. Oil & Gas Videos. Posted on March 6, 2014.Youtube video, 2:15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PDOD_FEnNk ———. ““Oil and Gas Formation”. EarthScience WesternAustralia. Posted on September 5, 2014.Youtube video, 3:04. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YHsxXEVB1M 14 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) DepEd Division of Cagayan de Oro City Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper Balulang Cagayan de Oro Telefax: ((08822)855-0048 E-mail Address: [email protected]

Earth Science Grade 12 Quarter 1 Module 4 PDF

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