Earthreport PDF - Microbiology and Parasitology

Republic of the Philippines Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao **GANI L. ABPI COLLEGE, INCORPORATED** Formerly Central Maguindanao Institute Buayan, Datu Piang Maguindanao Course module in **MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY** **LAGASAN, SUHAD M.** Presenter **Prof. TAHARA K. ABDUL...

Republic of the Philippines Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao **GANI L. ABPI COLLEGE, INCORPORATED** Formerly Central Maguindanao Institute Buayan, Datu Piang Maguindanao Course module in **MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY** **LAGASAN, SUHAD M.** Presenter **Prof. TAHARA K. ABDULLAH, LPT** Course instructor **Lesson 1** **ENERGY RELEASE AND CONSERVATION** **Overview** The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental principle in physics that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant, even as it changes form. **Learning Outcomes;** At the end of this lesson student can, a\. define what is energy b\. differentiate kinetic energy and potential energy c\. analyze the key forms of energy **Material Needed;** Cellphone Laptop Projector PowerPoint Presentation **Duration;** 1hour and 30 minutes **Learning Content;** Understanding energy release and conservation is essential for building a sustainable future. By embracing energy-efficient practices and technologies, we can reduce our environmental footprint, conserve valuable resources, and create a more resilient and prosperous world. **Energy: The Foundation of Everything** Energy, in its simplest form, is the capacity to do work. It manifests in various forms, each with its unique characteristics and applications. **Here are some key forms of energy**: **Kinetic Energy**: The energy of motion, directly proportional to an object\'s mass and velocity.  https://sciencenotes.org/ **Potential Energy**: Stored energy due to an object\'s position or configuration. This includes gravitational potential energy (related to height) and elastic potential energy (stored in stretched or compressed objects). https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/potential-energy/ **Thermal Energy**: The internal energy of a system due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules. It is directly related to the system\'s temperature.  https://www.sciencefacts.net/thermal-energy.html **Chemical Energy**: Energy stored in the bonds of molecules. This energy is released during chemical reactions, such as burning fuel or the breakdown of food in our bodies.  https://www.reagent.co.uk/blog/why-is-chemical-energy-stored-in-food/ https://www.sciencefacts.net/chemical-energy.html **Electrical Energy**: The energy associated with the flow of electric charge. It is used to power our homes, devices, and industries. https://www.sciencefacts.net/electrical-energy.html **Radiant Energy**: Energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves, including visible light, infrared radiation, and ultraviolet radiation. The sun is our primary source of radiant energy.  https://www.sciencefacts.net/radiant-energy.html **Energy Release: Transforming Energy into Useful Forms** Energy release occurs when energy stored in one form is transformed into another, often releasing heat or light in the process. **This transformation can be achieved through various mechanisms:** **Combustion**: The rapid chemical reaction between a substance and an oxidant, typically oxygen, releasing heat and light. This is how we generate energy from fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. **Nuclear Reactions**: Reactions involving the nucleus of an atom, such as fission and fusion, releasing enormous amounts of energy. Nuclear power plants utilize fission to generate electricity.  **Chemical Reactions**: Reactions involving the rearrangement of atoms and molecules, releasing or absorbing energy. This is how our bodies obtain energy from food. **Mechanical Processes**: Processes involving the movement of objects or the application of forces, converting potential energy into kinetic energy. Examples include a falling object or a spinning turbine.  **Energy Conservation: A Vital Principle** The law of conservation of energy is a fundamental principle in physics, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. This means that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. While energy is conserved, not all energy transformations are equally efficient. Some energy is lost as heat or other less useful forms during the process. This is why energy conservation is crucial. **Learning Activity** **Group activity** **Instruction:** Group your self into 3 and explain the topic that assign on you. Group 1. Kinetic energy and potential Group 2. Thermal energy and chemical energy Group 3. Electrical energy and radiant energy The performance of the students will be guided on the given criteria: -------------- ---- Presentation 10 Content 10 Teamwork 5 Total 25 -------------- ---- Lesson 2 **The use of energy in Biosynthesis** **Overview** Biosynthesis is a fundamental process in all living organisms, encompassing the creation of complex molecules from simpler building blocks. This intricate process requires energy to drive the reactions that build these essential structures. This overview explores the various ways energy is utilized in biosynthesis, focusing on the key pathways and molecules involved. **Learning outcomes** At the end of this lesson, students can: a\. discuss what is biosynthesis b\. Understand the primary energy sources c\. analyze the primary source of Biosynthesis **Learning content** Biosynthesis, the process by which living organisms create complex molecules from simpler ones, is fundamental to life. This process requires a significant input of energy, which is harnessed and utilized in various ways to drive the intricate chemical reactions involved. This response will delve into the role of energy in biosynthesis, exploring the key concepts, examples, and implications. **Energy Sources for Biosynthesis** The energy required for biosynthesis comes from various sources, depending on the organism and its environment. **Here are the types of biosynthesis:** **Photosynthesis** This iconic process is the foundation of life on Earth, converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose, a simple sugar.  **Chemosynthesis** Some organisms, particularly those living in environments lacking sunlight, utilize the energy stored in inorganic compounds. This process, called chemosynthesis, involves oxidizing compounds like hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, or ferrous irons to release energy.  **Nucleic acid synthesis** This vital process involves the creation of DNA and RNA, the molecules responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. **Amino acid synthesis** Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for a wide range of biological functions. While some organisms can synthesize all necessary amino acids, others rely on obtaining them through their diet. Amino acid synthesis is crucial for growth, repair, and the production of enzymes and other vital proteins. **ATP synthesis** ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of cells, powering various cellular activities, including muscle contraction and maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP synthesis occurs during cellular respiration, a metabolic process that converts nutrients into energy-rich compounds. **Conclusion**: Biosynthesis is a complex and multifaceted process that lies at the heart of life.It encompasses a diverse array of reactions, each contributing to the creation of essential molecules that enable organisms to thrive. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of biosynthesis is crucial for advancing our knowledge of cellular processes, developing new technologies, and addressing challenges in health and environmental sustainability.