Earth Science Test PDF

Earth’s Interior- A Mantle B Outer core C Inner core D Crust E Lithosphere F Asthenosphere G Core A The section of earth between the outer core and the crust. B A liquid mixture of iron and nickel. C A dense solid made almost entirely of iron. D the Earth’s outer most layer E a layer of the earth...

Earth’s Interior- A Mantle B Outer core C Inner core D Crust E Lithosphere F Asthenosphere G Core A The section of earth between the outer core and the crust. B A liquid mixture of iron and nickel. C A dense solid made almost entirely of iron. D the Earth’s outer most layer E a layer of the earth that included the thin, top most part of the mantle and the crust. F a solid layer of the mantle that can flow like taffy. G Makes up the center of the Earth. Slow Changes to Earth’s Surface- A Glacier B Erosion C Weathering D Chemical weathering E Abrasion F Sand Dune G Seafloor Spreading H Continental Drift I Pangaea J Divergent Boundary K Convergent Boundary L Subduction M Transform Boundary N Rift O Trench P Physical weathering or Mechanical weathering Q Dunes R Striations S Moraine T Retreating U Advancing V Plates W exfoliation X deposition Y Barrier island Z Delta A huge, slow moving mass of snow and ice. B the carrying away of weathered rock C the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces. D occurs when the chemical composition of rock is changed by water, oxidation, acids, or other means. E the process where small, sharp bits and piece of blowing sediment smoothes out rocks and/or wears rocks away. F G According to this theory, new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges when magma rises to the surface. It then cools, spreads out, and solidifies, creating new seafloor. H According to this theory, the continents move slowly and continuously over the surface of the Earth. I Through the theory of continental drift, scientists believe that 250 million years ago, the continents were joined into one supercontinent called… J A boundary that occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. K A boundary where two plates collide. L A geological process that occurs when two tectonic plates collide and one of the plates moves under the other one. M A boundary created where one plate slides past another plate. N A major crack in earth’s surface O A steep valley on the ocean floor P The process where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without making changes to their chemical composition. Q When wind blown sediments settle behind an obstacle forming strips and mounds, these are created. R grooves on rock that indicate glacial movement S ridges of loose rock left behind by melted glaciers sometimes referred to as glacial till T a meting glacier U a growing glacier V Gigantic slabs of rock that make up earth’s crust. W Weathering that causes layers of rock to peel like and onion X this occurs when bits of eroded sediment are carried away and dropped off elsewhere. Y long narrow strips of land that protect coastlines from erosion Z the flat, low-lying plain that sometimes forms at the mouth of a river from deposits of sediments. Bonus- At which type of boundary is crust neither created nor destroyed? Transform Which type of boundary occurs mostly at mid ocean ridges? Divergent Which type of boundary is where the process of subduction sometimes occurs? Convergent Ice that forms in a crack in a rock and makes the rock split is an example of? Physical weathering Acids in water that come in contact with rocks eating away holes or make them crumble is an example of? Chemical weathering Fast Changes to Earth’s Surface- A Creep B Fault C Earthquake D Normal fault E Reverse fault F Strike-slip falut G Tsunami H Magma I Volcano J Rift Volcano K Cinder-Cone Volcano L Crater M Eruption N Shield Volcano O Composite Volcano P Vent Q hot spot R lava S seismograph T landslide U mudslide V Richter Scale W S-waves X P-waves Y Seismology Z flood A When sediment or glaciers slowly inch their way down a slop due to gravity B A crack in Earth’s crust. C Movement in earth’s crust caused by a sudden shift in Earth’s plates. D Plates pull apart and rocks above the fault surface move down. E Plates push together and rocks above the fault move upward. F A fault where rocks slide past each other in different directions. G Caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor. H Melted rock beneath Earth’s surface. I A Mountain that builds up around an opening in Earth’s crust. J A volcano that forms along the edges of spreading plates. K A volcano with steep sides that forms when pieces of lava fall around the vent. L A cup-like shape that forms around the vent of a volcano. M Happens when melted rock, gases, and pieces of rock are forced out of a volcano. N A wide, flat volcano formed by layers of lava that build up over time. O A cone-shaped volcano that has explosive eruptions and quite periods when lava flows gently. P Central opening in a volcano. Q A place where magma partially melts through Earth’s crust. R Melted rock that reaches Earth’s surface. S Scientists use this instrument to measure the energy of an earthquake. T A large amount of rock and soil that rapidly moves downhill. U Caused by heavy rains on a slope of land. V A standard rating scale used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake. W The second fastest waves that travel only through solids. X Are the fastest waves and can move through solids, liquids, and gases. Y the study of earthquakes Z the banks of a river or stream overflow Bonus- Parts of a volcano diagram w/out word bank Active- a volcano that is currently erupting, shows signs of erupting, or has erupted recently Dorman- a volcano that hasn’t erupted recently but is expected to erupt again. Extinct- a volcano that will likely not erupt again Vocab Fragment- a small part broken off or separated from something Merge- to combine Straddle- to be on both sides of something Buoyant- able to float Collide- to hit with force or crash into Boundary- a place where one area end and another area begins Dense- closely compacted or thick Geologist- scientist that studies the structure and history of the earth. Cartographer- mapmaker Embed-to fix an object into something else Collapse- to fall down or give way Fracture- to break into pieces Sediment- sand and other small particles of rock Solidify- to turn into a solid Explosive- able to blow up Shallow- near the surface Magnitude- size or amount of energy released Shallow- not deep Surface- top Canyon- a deep, narrow trench usually with a river running through it Landforms- natural features on Earth’s surface Plains- huge, vast stretches of land without any hills of mountains Crevasse- a deep crack in a glacier