Earth Layers Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate thickness range of the Earth's crust?

  • 50-100 km
  • 200-500 km
  • 10-20 km
  • 5-70 km (correct)

What is the dominant element composition of the Earth's core?

  • Calcium and Magnesium
  • Iron and Nickel (correct)
  • Oxygen and Hydrogen
  • Silicon and Aluminum

Which layer of the Earth is composed of molten rock?

  • Crust
  • Mantle (correct)
  • Asthenosphere
  • Lithosphere

What is the general temperature range in the mantle?

<p>1600-4000 F (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lithosphere is characterized by which of the following?

<p>Rigid rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between abiogenesis and biogenesis?

<p>Abiogenesis suggests life can emerge from lifeless materials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of organisms refers to their ability to create offspring?

<p>Reproduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the theory of spontaneous generation?

<p>Aristotle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What scientific principle explains that all living organisms are made of cells?

<p>Cell Theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

<p>The chemical reactions that occur within an organism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Jan Baptist van Helmont's contribution to the theory of spontaneous generation?

<p>He claimed that mice could arise from rags and wheat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that life could have come from extraterrestrial sources?

<p>Panspermia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

<p>Ability to Fly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the scientist that demonstrated maggots are produced from the eggs of flies, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation?

<p>Francesco Redi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key flaw in John Turberville Needham's experiment on spontaneous generation?

<p>The flask was not sealed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist is known for the phrase 'Omne vivum ex vivo', meaning 'life only comes from life'?

<p>Louis Pasteur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lazzaro Spallanzani's conclusions primarily emphasized that life arises from what source?

<p>Microorganisms in the air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theory posits that life on Earth originated from a celestial source like a meteorite?

<p>Panspermia Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scientists is not credited with disproving the theory of spontaneous generation?

<p>Alexander Oparin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary conclusion did Louis Pasteur's experiments reach regarding life?

<p>Life is generated from pre-existing life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Primordial Soup Theory suggest about the origin of life?

<p>Building blocks of life were created when energy was added to early atmospheric gases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Primordial Soup Theory, how did life on Earth begin?

<p>Through organic molecules forming in a nutrient-rich environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding living organisms?

<p>Living organisms maintain homeostasis and exhibit metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Louis Pasteur known for in relation to spontaneous generation theory?

<p>He successfully disproved the theory through his experiments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory suggests that life on Earth may have originated from extraterrestrial sources?

<p>Panspermia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does abiogenesis differ from biogenesis?

<p>Abiogenesis proposes that life arises spontaneously from non-living materials, unlike biogenesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT a feature of living organisms?

<p>Inability to respond to stimuli. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of life science as a discipline?

<p>To tackle the study of living organisms and their interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant contribution of Louis Pasteur to the study of life?

<p>He developed the Germ Theory of Disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Earth's crust thickness

The Earth's crust is approximately 5 to 70 kilometers thick.

Core composition

The Earth's core primarily consists of iron and nickel.

Molten layer

The mantle is a layer of molten rock.

Mantle temperature range

The temperature in the Earth's mantle ranges from 1600 to 4000 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Lithosphere properties

The lithosphere is a rigid layer of rocks on Earth.

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What is Life Science?

Life Science is a group of disciplines that explores living organisms, utilizing theories and principles to understand them.

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What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Living organisms share common features: they respond to their environment, grow and develop, reproduce, exhibit metabolism, maintain homeostasis, and are made up of cells.

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How do living things respond to their environment?

Living things react to changes in their surroundings to ensure their survival. Plants may turn towards sunlight, and animals may flee from danger.

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What is the difference between growth and development?

Growth is an increase in size, while development involves the differentiation of cells into specialized tissues and organs.

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Reproduction

Reproduction is the process by which organisms create offspring.

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What is metabolism?

Metabolism encompasses all the chemical reactions occurring within an organism.

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Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

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What is the basic unit of life?

Cells are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms.

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Primordial Soup Theory

This theory proposes that simple organic molecules, the building blocks of life, formed in Earth's early atmosphere and collected in pools of water, forming a 'soup'. Over time, these molecules combined to create complex polymers, eventually leading to the emergence of life.

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Life Science

The study of living organisms encompasses various disciplines focused on understanding living things, including their structure, function, and interactions.

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Organism

A single, complete living being capable of independently carrying out life processes, such as reproduction, growth, adaptation, movement, metabolism, and maintaining homeostasis.

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Growth & Development

Changes that occur in an organism over its lifetime, increasing in size and complexity, leading to maturity.

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Adaptation

The process by which organisms evolve traits that improve their chances of survival and reproduction in their environment.

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Movement

The ability of an organism to change its position or location, either internally or externally, often for seeking food, shelter, or mates.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism, including breaking down nutrients for energy and building complex molecules.

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Spontaneous Generation

The idea that living organisms could arise spontaneously from non-living matter.

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Francesco Redi's Experiment

Redi demonstrated that maggots developed only in meat exposed to flies, disproving spontaneous generation for larger organisms.

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John Turberville Needham's Experiment

Needham believed he proved spontaneous generation by boiling broth, then sealing it, but microorganisms still appeared due to inadequate sterilization.

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Lazzaro Spallanzani's Experiment

Spallanzani disproved spontaneous generation by showing that boiled broth remained sterile in sealed flasks, proving that microorganisms come from the air.

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Louis Pasteur's Experiment

Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment definitively disproved spontaneous generation by showing that sterilized broth stayed sterile unless exposed to air.

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Omne Vivum ex Vivo

A Latin phrase meaning 'all life comes from life,' summarizing Pasteur's conclusion about the origin of life.

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Panspermia Theory

The theory that life on Earth originated from extraterrestrial sources, like meteorites carrying microscopic life.

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Study Notes

Crust

  • Outermost layer of the Earth, serves as the surface for life.
  • Thinnest layer, ranging from 5 to 70 km in thickness.
  • Average surface temperature around 59°F (15°C).
  • Composes only 1% of Earth’s total mass.
  • Directly interacts with the atmosphere.
  • Made primarily of solid rock, predominantly basalt and granite.

Lithosphere

  • Encompasses the outer layer of the Earth, combining the crust and upper mantle.
  • Consists of rigid rocks that are divided into tectonic plates.
  • Includes rocks and soil essential for terrestrial ecosystems.

Mantle

  • Thickest layer of the Earth, extending about 2900 km in thickness.
  • Temperature fluctuates between 1600°F and 4000°F.
  • Contains 66% of Earth’s total mass, showcasing significant volume.
  • Features slow flow due to convection processes within this layer.
  • Composed mainly of molten rock (magma), allowing for dynamic movements.

Asthenosphere

  • Located in the middle mantle, characterized by solid but flowing rock.
  • Acts as a semi-fluid layer permitting tectonic plates of the lithosphere to move atop it.

Core

  • Innermost layer, extremely hot with temperatures ranging from 4000°F to 8000°F.
  • Notable for its high density and immense pressure, being 4000 miles from the Earth's surface.
  • Accounts for 33% of Earth’s total mass.
  • Made predominantly of iron and nickel, key metals that contribute to Earth's magnetic field.
  • Roughly the same size as the planet Mars, highlighting its significant volume in comparison to the rest of the Earth.

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Earth and Life Science SHS 15.1 The Evolving Concept of Life PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the Earth's structure, including the crust, lithosphere, mantle, and asthenosphere. Explore dimensions, compositions, and differences in temperature of each layer. See how well you understand the Earth's geologic framework.

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