Position Paper (Arguments and Factual Evidences) PDF

Lesson Position 2: Paper (Arguments and Factual Evidences)  What is Fallacy? A fallacy is reasoning that comes to a conclusion without the evidence to support it (Merriam Webster dictionary).  What are the Types of Fallacies? 1. Ad Hominem- It is attacking the person making...

Lesson Position 2: Paper (Arguments and Factual Evidences)  What is Fallacy? A fallacy is reasoning that comes to a conclusion without the evidence to support it (Merriam Webster dictionary).  What are the Types of Fallacies? 1. Ad Hominem- It is attacking the person making the argument rather than the argument itself. Tony will run as president in our school, but Tony was involved in a fight two years ago, therefore he cannot be a good president. 2. Strawman- It is misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack.  Al Gore feels that all companies are irresponsible and should be punished for allowing emissions, which causes global warming. 3. Loaded Question-It is asking a question that has an assumption built into it so that it can be answered without appearing guilty. Have you stopped cheating in EAPP class? 4. Black or white- It is where two alternative states are presented as the only possibilities when in fact more possibilities exist. If you will agree with him then you are against us. 5. Slippery slope- It is asserting that if we allow A to happen, then Z will consequently happen too, therefore A should not happen. (A teacher to a student) I will not allow you to go to the comfort room because you might fall on the stairs, and if you fell on the stairs your parents will complain, and if 6. Burden of proof- It is saying that the burden of proof lies not with the person making the claim, but with someone else to disprove. If you cannot prove that I was the one who stole your bag, therefore, I wasn’t the one who stole it. 7. Composition Division- It is assuming that what’s true about one part of something has to be applied to all or other parts of it. 8. Bandwagon- It is appealing to popularity or the fact that many people do something as an attempt of validation. I wanted to take HUMMS, but all my friends will take STEM, therefore, I will take STEM. 9. Appeal to Emotion- It is manipulating an emotional response in place of a valid or compelling argument. I remember my grandmother told me that if I will let rice fall on the table while eating, the rice will cry, so I shouldn’t let these rice fall on the table while eating. Arguments as we have discussed in the previous module is the attempt to prove a point using evidence and reasoning. Evidence is the concrete facts used to support a claim. Evidence is one of the two basic ingredients of argument (the other is reasoning), and so a great deal of effort goes into ensuring its quality, and challenging the quality of evidence in arguments we disagree with.  What is Factual Evidence? Factual evidence is very convincing in argumentative essay. The three types of factual evidence are: 1. Facts- are the things that we know to be true like personal experiences or observations and interviews, which provide empirical or statistical information. These should come from a credible source. 2. Empirical Evidence- are data that have been observed and tested. Example: experiential data- these are scientific research and testing 3. Statistical Information- These are data gathered, sorted, analyzed, interpreted, and presented by scientists.