EAPP-Module-2nd Quarter-Week 3 PDF

Philippine Christian University Sampaloc I, Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL S.Y. 2024-2025 MODULE IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PRO...

Philippine Christian University Sampaloc I, Dasmariñas, Cavite 4114 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL S.Y. 2024-2025 MODULE IN ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES QUARTER 2 – WEEK 3 (October 14-18, 2024) LESSON 3: GENERAL TYPES OF REPORTS: THE RESEARCH REPORTS Overview A research report is a formal document that presents the findings, analysis, and conclusions of a research study. It is used to communicate the results of research to a specific audience, such as academics, professionals, or decision-makers. Research reports play a main role in both academic and professional settings, serving as detailed accounts that communicate the findings and implications of research aims. These reports are structured documents that systematically outline the methodology, results, analysis, and conclusions derived from a study. Research reports are essential tools for sharing knowledge, understanding, and influencing better through decision-making. Course Learning Outcome 1. Identify the objectives and structures of position appears, and various kinds of reports. 2. Design, conduct, and report on surveys, experiments, or observations, summarizing findings in narrative and visual/graphic forms. Objectives At the end of the lesson, you are expected to: 1. Define research reports 2. Determines the objectives and structures of various kinds of reports 3. Infer the importance of research reports in writing academic and professional purposes 4. Draft a research report by conducting data collection; 5. Integrates types of report on performing a real-life interview Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 1  Essential Question In your own words, what could be the best way to conduct a report? What are the good practices or things that you need to consider to make a better outcome? Test Yourself What are the trend topics when you are watching news on television or any social platform that gives relevant information through all ages? How is it useful to have a news report in our daily lives? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Study these Terms Report - is a systematic, well-organized presentation of an issue, a problem, or an incident Research - the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 2  Discussion General Types of Reports Reports are written for different purposes. They therefore contain different information and structures, including headings and subheadings, and these form the outline of the report. The table below shows the sections commonly found in these types of reports. Types of Report Description 1. Incident A report describing something that has happened. 2. Accident Report A report describing how someone was hurt or something damaged. 3. Sales Report A report describing how many goods or services were sold and the reasons for any differences from the plan. 4. Progress Report A report describing how close you are to completing something you planned. 5. Feasibility Study Report A report on how practical a proposal is. 6. Recommendation Report A report on what your organization should do. 7. Site A report on what has happened in a place and how close your organization is to finishing construction. 8. Case Study An academic report on how and why something has changed overtime Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 3  Common Report Structures Short Report Science Report Business Report Engineering Report 1. Title Page 1. Title Page 1. Title Page 1. Title Page 2. Introduction 2. Introduction 2. Executive Summary 2. Executive Summary(optional) 3. Discussion 3. Method and 3. Table of Contents 3. Introduction materials 4. 4. Results 4. Introduction 4. Objectives Recommendation s 5. References 5. Discussion 5. Discussion 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion 6. Conclusion 6. Discussion 7. Appendices 7. Recommendations 7. Recommendations & action plan 8. References 8. Appendices 6. Conclusion 9. References 7. Appendices Research Report 1. Title Page 8. Recommendations 2. Executive Summary(optional) 9. Appendices 3. Introduction 10. Bibliography 4. Method and Methodology 5. Results and Findings 6. Discussion 7.Conclusion Writing a Scientific or Technical Report Writing a Scientific or technical report is a major problem for most researchers, especially when they are beginning their professional carrier. The contents of this short paper will highlight the problems in structuring the Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 4  information, discussing goals and results, and the problems in selecting words, graphs and the media to better transmit information to readers Types of Technical Report 1. Progress Report Progress reports are an important part of project management, whether it’s your dissertation or a project at work. You’ll need to use these to keep your supervisors, your colleagues or your clients updated about the project you’re working on. Good Engineering Practice Suggest 1. An executive overview: a couple of sentences (3 lines) which states either "The objectives for the period have been reached." or "The objectives have not been reached, because..."; then "No obstacle in the way to the next objectives." Or "Possible obstacle are....; contingency plan is....". 2. A summary: what were the objectives for the period; then for each objective what has been done towards that objective. A little reuse of figures/graphs here is acceptable. 3. a main results section, as space allows: here you select one or two "main achievements" from the previous reporting period, and you give more details about that, with possibly references to external reports / draft papers / additional materials that the report reviewer can go analyse if they are interested. 4. an optional obstacles & contingency section: if the executive summary lists problems, here you details what these problems are (either the obstacles in the previous period, or the foreseen obstacles in the next period, or both). Also detail your planned contingency actions. 5. a report of effort spent: here you detail where your budget (and man-hours of work) was allocated to each objective/task. Also, don't make it too long. It's extremely important that the reviewers of your project can get an overall impression of the progress in a very short time. (they will typically have many projects to evaluate in a short time) 2. Annual Report An annual report is a comprehensive report on a company's activities throughout the preceding year. Annual reports are intended to give shareholders and other interested people information about the company's activities and financial performance. Steps in Writing an Annual Report Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 5  Step 1. Prepare financial statements and notes. Financial statements are the backbone of any annual report. Your financial statements should reflect the recent financial history of your company using the raw numbers, without commentary or interpretation. Step 2. Write a management discussion. In addition to the actual financial data, the SEC requires that a company provide a detailed discussion and analysis of the company’s results by an appropriate representative of the company, such as the Chief Financial Officer. Step 3. Request a review of your financial reports by an independent firm of certified public accountants. These auditors must attest in writing that your financial reports are complete and reasonable. Step 4. Provide longer-term financial data. This section of the report should provide the financial results of your company over the past five (5) years or longer as a basis for comparison. Step 5. Include additional non-mandatory information. While the SEC requires only four main sections, most annual reports include a summary of financial highlights, a letter to stockholders providing an overview of company progress, and a list of the board of directors and management. 3. Analytical Report Analytical reports try to understand and fix problems. As a specific genre of reports, analytical reports are a hybrid between an informational report and a proposal. Analytical reports goals are not only the identification and analysis of a problem and previously tried solutions but also the proposal of evidence-based recommendations to solve that problem where past attempts failed. How to write Analytical Report a. Identifying problem Analytical reports start by identifying a problem and explaining whom that problem affects. In describing a problem, the report includes information about where the problem started, what methods have been used in the past to solve the problem, and how well those past methods have fared. b. Explaining your methods After describing both the problem and how past attempts to solve it have fared, an analytical report will then describe the methodology its authors used to evaluate past tactics, as well as consider alternative approaches. c. Analyzing Data As its name suggests the bulk of an analytical report presents a detailed and careful analysis of data gathered through the research methods by the reports’ authors. d. Making recommendations Ultimately, an analytical report builds towards recommending solutions to the problem under scrutiny. These recommended solutions, found in the report’s conclusion or recommendations section, would be those to be the most effective or successful at fixing the problem. Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 6  The Research Report Research reports are the most common type of report. This section explores a research report and outlines the requirements of the different sections. Section Key Features Check list Title Page Title of report Name of author/student Organization/ course Date Table of Contents List the content of the report Page numbers Executive summary (Abstract) Summarizes the whole Are the aims of the report in logical order purpose of the research Outlines purpose, clearly stated? research methods, Are the results findings, conclusions & summarized? recommendations Are the conclusions & Written last mainly in recommendations past tense outlined? Should be no more than one page Introduction Outlines context, Is the purpose of the background & purpose research clearly stated? Defines terms & set Is the context & limits of the research background explained? Are the limits of the study outlines? Method Explains the research Are the results clearly methodology and summarized/stated? methods used Is visual data used where appropriate? Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 7  In scientific reports, this would detail the experimental procedures Result/findings Presents the Are the results clearly findings/results summarized/stated? Can use visual data, Is visual data used where graphs, tables etc appropriate? Facts only - no interpretation Discussion Interprets & evaluates Are the results explained results & interpreted? Analyses results - draws Are the results linked to together other similar research & to each other? Conclusion Brief summary of Are the results findings summarized? Recommendations Suggest suitable Do the recommendations changes/solutions suggest possible Action plan for solutions/actions/pathwa recommendations if ys etc. required Glossary List of terms, eg acronyms used References or bibliography List of all cited references Appendix Attachments, eg surveys, questionnaires etc A. Executive Summary (Abstract) An executive summary provides a quick overview or synopsis of a report, summarizing the essential parts. It outlines the following information. Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 8  ❖ the purpose of the report; ❖ the methods used to conduct the research; ❖ the results of the research; ❖ the conclusion drawn from the research; and ❖ the recommendations for future actions. The executive summary/ abstract is generally written last. This allows you to summarize all the major areas of the report. B. Introduction A good introduction is important in a report. It should give the reader all thehe information required to understand the importance and relevance of the report. It should clearly state: the context of the report relevant background information the purpose of the report limits on the scope of the research definitions & key terms Introduction Context There has been massive increase in the use of personal mobile phones over the five years and there is every indication that this will continue According to black (2002) by 2008 almost 100% of working people in Australia will carry personal mobile phones. Black describe this phenomenon as serious in the extreme, potentially undermining in the foundations of communication in our society’ (2002, p 167). Currently at UniLab 89% of staff have personal mobile phones. Background Recently a number of staff have complained about the use of personal mobile phones in meetings and asked what the official company is. At present there is no official company policy regarding phone use. Limits It does not seek to examine the use of mobile phones in the workplace at the other times, although some concerns are raised. Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 9  Definitions For this report a personal mobile phone number is a personally funded phone private calls as opposed to an employer funded phone that directly relates to carrying out a particular job. C. Method This method section of a report details how the research was conducted, the research methods used and the reasons for choosing those methods: Who the participants were the number of participants the research methods used, eg surveys/questionnaire, interviews etc How the research was carried out, ie the process including distribution how the data was collected, ie getting the information back It is important that this section gives clear and concise details of the research methods. D. Results The results section of a report details the results for findings of the research.It answers the following questions: What happened? What was found? There is no interpretation of the results, it only states the facts E. Discussion The discussion section of a report interprets the results of the research. It is here that the findings are woven together and the major issues/themes are identified and discussed. The discussion section aims to: state /identify the main research findings/themes; Interpret and weave the results together to support findings Link the results to other research Identifying the major themes the results will help structure the discussion, especially in long reports. These can often be used as headings. Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 10  F. Conclusion The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the report and presents an answer. No new information should be put in a conclusion. G. Recommendation The recommendations section is important because it suggests suitable actions, outcomes, changes or solutions to the problem(s) identified in the research. Bullet point form can be used to list the recommendations. Depending on the types of recommendations, a time frame or action plan may need to be included to achieve the proposed outcomes. Summary A research report is an expanded paper that presents interpretations and analyses of a phenomenon based on experiments and previous information so that readers can better understand it. It is a laborious work produced through formal investigation and scientific inquiry. While, on the other hand, survey is an effective way to collect data from your customers and questionnaires can be thought of as a kind of written interview. They can be carried out face to face, by telephone, computer, or post. Questionnaires provide a relatively cheap, quick, and efficient way of obtaining large amounts of information from a large sample of people. Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 11  ACTIVITY #1 (Written Work 3) Name: _________________________________ Strand and Section: ______________________ Date/ Week No.: _________________________ Score: _____/20 I. Directions: Find a friend on your social networking sites. Hypothetically, he or she will put up a business. Interview him/her regarding the history, growth, and success of his/her business. Use the following questions as your guide to create a research report and put it into a paragraph. (20 points) 1. Why are you in this type of business? 2. What is your background? Education, Work Experience 3. Can you provide me with a description of your business? 4. How long have you been in business? In this business? In other businesses? 5. What type of business form do you have, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation? 6. What are the advantages of this form of business ownership? 7. How did you get the background and skills necessary to run this type of business? 8. How do the social, economic, environmental, technological, legal and political environments impact your business? 9. How do you market your business? How are people aware of your business? Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 12  __ 10. Where do you see your business in the next year? In the next five years? The next ten years? Learning Resources Cepero, V. B. (n.d.). Multiple choice questions. Survey Anyplace. https://help.surveyanyplace.com/en/support/solutions/articles/35000042297-multiple-choice-question Report Writing Clipart by Clip Art Library. (2021). https://clipart-library.com/ Research Writing Clipart by Clip Art Library. (2021). https://clipart-library.com/ Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. In Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/ Scribd.com/document/523456742/EAPP-q2-mod5-Designing-Testing-And-Revising-Survey-Questionnaires Simply Psychology. (2023, December 13). What is a questionnaire and how is it used in research? https://www.simplypsychology.org/questionnaires.html Survey questions: 70 good survey question examples & types. (n.d.). Hotjar. https://www.hotjar.com/blog/survey-questions/ Supplemental Readings and Materials The links below are the examples of reports mentioned in the discussion. As you click the link, you will see different examples of reports and give you a better understanding regarding the types of reports. The information here compensates the learners since it gives specific examples to each type of report. Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 13  Balmaceda, K. (2018, August 20). Progress Report: How To Write, Structure And Make It Visually... Piktochart. https://piktochart.com/blog/progress-report/ Chavez, S. (2023, February 25). Annual Report: what it is and how to read it. Investment Guide. https://investmentguide.co.uk/annual-report-what-it-is-and-how-to-read-it/ How to Write an Incident Report - With Examples - SafetyIQ. (n.d.). SafetyIQ - Predictability at Work. https://safetyiq.com/insight/how-to-write-an-incident-report-with-examples/ Memon, M. (2023, September 15). How to Create an Analytical Report: 9 Best Practices. Databox. https://databox.com/analytical-report Sample research report. (n.d.). https://www.k- state.edu/fns/assets/course_1/food_for_thought/appendices/Appendix_20.pdf Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by: Ms. Marylen Añonuevo Maurene Regine A. Reyes, LPT Maria Beatriz B. Sico, MM Ms. Kim-Ann C. De Guzman English 12 Subject Lead Teacher Principal Ms. Vina Angela G. Dumalagan Ms. Enelyn M. Elizalde Ms. Mylene G. Guiruela Ms. Marjorie C. Lacson Ms. Jojane Opao Ms. Paulene S. Patam Ms. Kate B. Ruiz Ms. Daisy D. Tiozon Ms. Leah C. Villafuerte Subject Teachers Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media. Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited. 14