40 Questions
During which process are substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products moved and eliminated in urine?
Glomerular filtration
Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder?
Ureters
What uses a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder?
Ureters
What is part of the bladder?
Detrusor muscle
What can cause kidney failure?
High blood pressure or diabetes
What can a patient with urinary incontinence do to help alleviate the problem?
Do Kegel exercises
What is NOT a characteristic of acute renal failure?
May cause excessive urine production
What is a characteristic of chronic renal failure?
Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
What is a diagnosis that may involve back pain, fever, nausea, and blood in the urine?
Pyelonephritis
What is NOT a characteristic of acute kidney failure?
May cause excessive urine production
What would be the most likely treatment for pyelonephritis?
Pain medication and antibiotics
What is a characteristic of chronic renal failure?
May cause frequent seizure activity
What may cause kidney failure gradually over time?
Kidneys slowly losing function
What may correct kidney failure?
Surgical repair of obstructions
What symptom may be experienced by a patient with kidney failure?
Headache and mental confusion
What condition may be suspected in a patient with confusion, shaking hands, and blood in nasal secretions?
Drug overdose
Which of the following structures removes metabolic waste products from the blood?
Kidneys
What combines with water and ions to form urine in the kidneys?
Metabolic wastes
Which cells begin the process of developing sperm cells?
Spermatogenic cells
What is the structure that surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman's capsule
What type of cells contain 46 chromosomes at the beginning of spermatogenesis?
Spermatogonia
What is the name of the tiny vessels that surround the tubules?
Peritubular capillaries
Which structure carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra?
Vas deferens
Which arterioles deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries?
Afferent arterioles
Which gland produces an alkaline fluid that protects sperm from acidic environments?
Prostate gland
Which structure secretes an alkaline fluid rich in sugars and prostaglandins?
Seminal vesicles
What process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases?
Glomerular filtration
During which process of urine formation do substances move from the blood into the renal tubules?
Glomerular filtration
What surrounds the proximal urethra in a male?
Prostate gland
Which hormone controls the amount of water the body keeps during which process of urine formation?
Micturition
Which process of urine formation occurs in the renal corpuscles?
Glomerular filtration
During which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body?
Tubular reabsorption
What is the mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands called?
Semen
Which of the following organs produces sperm and testosterone?
Testes
What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?
Lubricates the penis for sexual intercourse
What is the term for the inability to maintain an erection long enough to complete sexual intercourse?
Impotence
Which of the following conditions can cause pain during bowel movements?
Prostate cancer
What is a sign of prostatitis?
A lower sperm count
What is the term for a lump in the testes?
Testicular cancer
What is the name of the gland that each lobule of the testes is filled with?
Seminiferous gland
Study Notes
Urinary System
- The tiny vessels surrounding the tubules are called peritubular capillaries.
- The afferent arterioles deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries.
- Glomerular filtration is the process of urine formation that decreases when blood pressure decreases and increases when blood pressure increases.
- During glomerular filtration, substances move from the blood into the renal tubules.
- The hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps during tubular reabsorption.
- Glomerular filtration occurs in the renal corpuscles.
Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
- Tubular reabsorption is the process of urine formation where nutrients, ions, and water are returned to the body.
- Tubular secretion is the process of urine formation where drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate.
- Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved during tubular secretion and are eliminated in urine.
Urinary System Structure
- The ureters take urine away from the bladder.
- The ureters use a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder.
- The detrusor muscle is part of the bladder.
Renal Failure
- Acute renal failure is characterized by a sudden loss of kidney function, which can be caused by poisons and/or alcohol abuse, and may be corrected by surgical repair of obstructions.
- Chronic renal failure is characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function, commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes, and may cause frequent seizure activity.
Male Reproductive System
- Spermatogenic cells are the cells that begin the process of developing sperm cells.
- Spermatogonia are the cells that contain 46 chromosomes at the beginning of spermatogenesis.
- The vas deferens carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra.
- The prostate gland produces a milky, alkaline fluid that protects the sperm when they enter the acidic environment of the female vagina.
- The seminal vesicles secrete an alkaline fluid rich in sugars and prostaglandins.
- The prostate gland surrounds the proximal urethra in males.
- Semen is a mixture of sperm cells and fluids from the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
- Testes are the primary organs of the male reproductive system because they produce sperm and testosterone.
- Seminiferous tubules are filled with spermatogenic cells that give rise to sperm cells.
- The bulbourethral gland makes a fluid that lubricates the penis for sexual intercourse.
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