dx-all-mcq-questions-dx-practice-qs 5.pdf

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following is the immunoglobulin that primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria, or incompatible blood cells? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgD Which type of immunoglobulin recognizes bacteria, viruses, and to...

lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following is the immunoglobulin that primarily binds to antigens on food, bacteria, or incompatible blood cells? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgD Which type of immunoglobulin recognizes bacteria, viruses, and toxins? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgD Which of these antibodies is found in secretions of the body and prevents pathogens from entering the body? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgD Which immunoglobulin triggers an allergic reaction? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgD Which immunoglobulin is thought to control the activity of B cells? A) IgG B) IgA C) IgM D) IgE E) IgD Which of the following does not describe a secondary immune response? A) It is a very rapid response. B) It causes memory cells to develop. C) It is carried out by memory cells. D) It requires re-exposure to an antigen. E) It prevents a person from developing a disease from the antigen. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following describes a primary immune response? A) It is a very rapid response. B) It is carried out by memory cells. C) It takes several weeks. D) It requires re-exposure to an antigen. E) It prevents a person from developing a disease from the antigen. Which of the following types of immunity crosses the placenta and passes through the breast milk? A) Naturally acquired active B) Artificially acquired active C) Naturally acquired passive D) Artificially acquired passive E) Species resistance Which type of immunity results from exposure to an antigen? A) Naturally acquired active B) Artificially acquired active C) Naturally acquired passive D) Artificially acquired passive E) Species resistance Which type of immunity requires injection with an antibody? A) Naturally acquired active B) Artificially acquired passive C) Naturally acquired passive D) Artificially acquired active E) Species resistance Which type of immunity results simply from being human, as opposed to being a cow or plant? A) Naturally acquired active B) Artificially acquired passive C) Naturally acquired passive D) Artificially acquired active E) Species resistance Which type of immunity results from having an infectious disease? A) Naturally acquired active B) Artificially acquired passive C) Naturally acquired passive D) Artificially acquired active E) Species resistance Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which type of immunity results from a vaccine? A) Naturally acquired active B) Artificially acquired active C) Naturally acquired passive D) Artificially acquired passive E) Species resistance Allergies can be treated effectively by which of the following over-the-counter medications? A) Anti-emetics B) Anti-inflammatories C) Pain relievers D) Antihistamines E) Analgesics Which of the following is an excessive immune response that involves IgE antibodies? A) Allergy B) Mononucleosis C) Anaphylaxis D) Lymphedema E) Chronic fatigue syndrome Which of the following causes a rapid drop in blood pressure and is a life-threatening event? A) Allergy B) Mononucleosis C) Anaphylaxis D) Mononucleosis E) AIDS Which of these is used to rescue a person experiencing anaphylaxis? A) Anti-inflammatory B) Allergen C) Analgesic D) Epinephrine E) Anti-emetic Which of the following identifies how far cancer cells have spread? A) Chemotherapy B) Radiation C) Biopsy D) Staging E) Immune therapy Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Elisa has just been diagnosed with stage II breast cancer. The practitioner has explained what this means, but Elisa is upset and confused. She asks the medical assistant if her cancer is serious. Which of the following is the best response to her question? A) "No, breast cancer is not serious until it reaches stage IV." B) "Breast cancer is 100% treatable." C) "All cancers are potentially serious, but your cancer has not spread beyond the breast." D) "No, in stage II, the cancer cells are localized in a few cell layers and are easily treatable." E) "It is serious because in stage II, the cancer cells have spread to other organs." Any factor that causes the formation of cancer is a(n) ____. A) carcinogen B) allergen C) irritant D) antigen E) antibody Which of the following are not signs or symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus? A) Numbness of fingers and toes B) Tender lymph nodes in the neck C) "Butterfly" rash D) Renal failure E) Headaches Which of the following are signs or symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome? A) Numbness of fingers and toes and weight loss B) Hair loss and renal failure C) "Butterfly" rash and fever D) Tender lymph nodes and joint pain E) Runny nose and coughing Which of the following actions causes lymph to flow through the lymphatic vessels? A) Gravity B) The force of the heart's pumping C) The contraction of the muscles in vessel walls D) The squeezing action of the skeletal muscles E) Filtration If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels, ____. A) blood pressure rises immediately B) the kidneys excrete it C) edema develops D) the arteries and veins take over that function E) the lymph is reabsorbed into the blood Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 Which of the following describes the spleen? A) It is located in the thorax, above the heart. B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation. C) It decreases in size as a person ages. D) It produces T-lymphocytes. E) It produces thymosin. Which of the following describes the thymus? A) It decreases in size as a person ages. B) It removes aged RBCs from circulation. C) It is the largest lymphatic organ. D) It is filled with blood and macrophages. E) If it is removed, the liver takes over its functions. Ted came to the office feeling weak and has had significant weight loss recently. His blood tests show that his T-cell count is 178, his temperature is 102.4, and his blood pressure is 100/62. Based on his signs and symptoms, the practitioner might perform further tests to rule out ______. A) systemic lupus erythematosus. B) chronic fatigue syndrome. C) lymphedema. D) AIDS. E) mononucleosis. Sherry is a 17-year-old patient who arrives at the office complaining of fever, headache, frequent cough, and being tired all the time. She is concerned because her boyfriend has similar symptoms and was recently diagnosed with mononucleosis. Which of the following precautions should you take while you are working with Sherry? A) None, because mononucleosis is only spread by kissing B) Wear a mask while you are in the exam room C) Use full PPE, including a gown, gloves, and mask D) Put on gloves before checking her blood pressure E) Ask Sherry not to cough while you are in the room Large phagocytic cells that produce monokines and digest pathogens in the lymph are called ________. The most active phagocytes in the blood are neutrophils and ________. White blood cells called ________ engulf and destroy pathogens and unwanted debris in the body. In a(n) ________ disease, the body begins to attack its own antigens. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 When normal cells create growths, the growths are called ________, meaning they are not cancerous. Major proteins in serum that attack pathogens and can also attract macrophages to pathogens and stimulate inflammation are called ________. Some foreign substances in the body are too small to start an immune response by themselves, so they join to proteins in the blood, where they are able to trigger an immune response. These substances are called ________. Fluids in the body are called ________. The body's mechanisms to protect itself against pathogens in general are called nonspecific defenses or ________ immunity ________, which is contained in blood, acts as a chemical barrier and blocks viruses from infecting cells. The fluid that exists between cells, called _______ fluid, is destined to become lymph. The blockage of lymphatic vessels that drain excess fluids from the body causes ________. T cells respond to antigens by secreting cytokines called ________, which increase T cell production and directly kill cells that have antigens. In tears, ________ act as a chemical barrier and destroy pathogens on the surface of the eye. Cytokines known as ________ assist in regulation of the immune response by increasing B cell production and stimulating red bone marrow to produce more white blood cells. A highly contagious viral infection spread through the saliva of the infected person and frequently affects teenagers is ________. The nonspecific body defense mechanism, in which monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages to attack pathogens in other tissues, is called _________. A substance that triggers an allergic response is called a(n) ________. When an area of the body becomes injured or infected with a pathogen, ________ can result, causing blood vessels in the injured area to dilate and become leaky. A(n) ________ is the presence of a pathogen in or on the body. A foreign substance in the body is called a(n) ________. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 A(n) ________ is a disease-causing agent such as a bacterium, virus, toxin, fungus, or protozoan. A life-threatening condition caused by an allergy in which vessels dilate so quickly that blood pressure drops too quickly for organs to adjust is called ________. Lymphocytes known as ________ cells primarily target cancer cells, killing these harmful cells on contact by secreting chemicals that produce holes in the membranes, causing them to burst. The cells of the lymphatic system produce proteins known as ________, which assist in immune response regulation. Two types of these proteins are monokines and lymphokines. Which disorder is an immune reaction linked to eating gluten that triggers a reaction causing the body to attack the small intestinal mucosa? A) Mononucleosis B) Lymphedema C) Lupus D) Chronic fatigue syndrome E) Celiac Masses of lymphoid tissue not surrounded by a capsule that are distributed in the connective tissue of mucosa are known as _______. A) lymphocytes B) macrophages C) lymph nodes D) thymus E) spleen _______ are three sets of lymphoid tissue that include pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual. Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 what is the palates main function A. assists in speech B. destroys bacteria and viruses C. separates oral and nasal cavities D. secretes saliva E. prevents food from entering the nose during swallowing Answer: separates oral and nasal cavities which of the following enzymes, which breaks down carbohydrates, is contained in saliva A. amylase B. trypsin C. chyme D. pepsin E. lactase Answer: amylase what is the main function of the epiglottis A. it helps propel food to the esophagus B. it secretes digestive enzymes C. it contains vocal chords D. it covers the opening of the larynx E. it separates the nasal and oral cavities Answer: it covers the opening of the larynx the esophageal hiatus is the A. lower section of the esophagus B. upper section of the esophagus C. part of the esophagus that connects to the stomach D. part of the esophagus that connects to the pharynx E. hole in the diaphragm that the esophagus goes through Answer: hole in the diaphragm that the esophagus goes through the gallbladder's only function is to _____ A. performs digestion of fat B. release bile in response to the response to the hormone cholecystokinin C. increase the absorption of fatty acids and cholesterol D. produce the enzymes amylase and lipase E. store vitamins and iron Answer: release bile in response to the hormone cholecystokinin Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 which layer of the wall of the alimentary canal contracts to move materials through the canal A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscular layer D. serosa E. peritoneum Answer: muscular layer the ______, which is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal wall, absorbs nutrients A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscular layer D. serosa E. peritoneum Answer: mucosa which of the following layers of the alimentary canal wall has blood vessels that carry nutrients away A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscular layer D. serosa E. peritoneum Answer: submucosa also known as the visceral peritoneum, the ______ of the alimentary canal wall secretes serous fluid to keep other organs from sticking to the structures of the alimentary canal A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscular layer D. serosa E. alimentary layer Answer: serosa which layer of the alimentary canal wall secretes mucus and enzymes A. mucosa B. submucosa C. muscular D. serosa E. peritoneum Answer: mucosa Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])  lOMoARcPSD|42936638 which organ of the digestive system begins the chemical breakdown of foods A. mouth B. pharynx C. esophagus D. stomach E. gallbladder Answer: mouth which organ of the digestive system connects the mouth and esophagus A. larynx B. pharynx C. epiglottis D. hiatus E. palate Answer: pharynx the proximal portion of the ______ absorbs water and electrolytes A. esophagus B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine E. rectum Answer: large intestine the ______ is the main site of nutrient absorption A. esophagus B. stomach C. small intestine D. large intestine E. rectum Answer: small intestine which of the following uses peristalsis to push food to the stomach A. mouth B. pharynx C. esophagus D. larynx E. trachea Answer: esophagus Downloaded by Sheldon Lo ([email protected])