Immunology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of immunity is inherent to a species and not acquired through any other means?

Species resistance (correct)

Artificially acquired active

Naturally acquired active

Artificially acquired passive

Which type of immunity results from having an infectious disease?

Naturally acquired passive

Artificially acquired passive

Artificially acquired active

Naturally acquired active (correct)

What type of medication is commonly used to treat allergies?

Analgesics

Pain relievers

Anti-emetics

Antihistamines (correct)

What is an excessive immune response that involves IgE antibodies?

Allergy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a life-threatening event that causes a rapid drop in blood pressure?

Anaphylaxis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is used to rescue a person experiencing anaphylaxis?

Epinephrine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What determines how far cancer cells have spread?

Staging (A) Signup and view all the answers

What stage of breast cancer has Elisa been diagnosed with?

Stage II (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are substances that join to proteins in the blood to trigger an immune response?

Haptens (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid called that exists between cells and is destined to become lymph?

Interstitial fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the blockage of lymphatic vessels that drain excess fluids from the body called?

Edema (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are T cells responding to antigens by secreting?

Cytokines (B) Signup and view all the answers

What acts as a chemical barrier and destroys pathogens on the surface of the eye in tears?

Lysozyme (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are cytokines that assist in regulation of the immune response by increasing B cell production?

Lymphokines (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a highly contagious viral infection spread through the saliva of the infected person and frequently affects teenagers?

Mononucleosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the nonspecific body defense mechanism in which monocytes leave the bloodstream and become macrophages to attack pathogens in other tissues?

Phagocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the best response to Elisa's question about the seriousness of her breast cancer?

All cancers are potentially serious, but your cancer has not spread beyond the breast. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that causes the formation of cancer?

Carcinogen (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus?

Headaches (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are signs or symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome?

Tender lymph nodes and joint pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions causes lymph to flow through the lymphatic vessels?

The squeezing action of the skeletal muscles (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens if lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels?

Edema develops (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the spleen?

It removes aged RBCs from circulation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the spleen?

It removes aged RBCs from circulation. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a life-threatening condition caused by an allergy in which vessels dilate so quickly that blood pressure drops too quickly for organs to adjust?

Anaphylaxis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells primarily target cancer cells, killing them by secreting chemicals that produce holes in their membranes?

Lymphocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for proteins produced by the cells of the lymphatic system that assist in immune response regulation?

Lymphokines (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for masses of lymphoid tissue distributed in the connective tissue of mucosa?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the palatine?

Separates oral and nasal cavities (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme, which breaks down carbohydrates, is contained in saliva?

Amylase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

It covers the opening of the larynx (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the esophageal hiatus?

A gap in the diaphragm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What part of the esophagus connects to the pharynx?

upper esophageal sphincter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gallbladder?

to release bile in response to the hormone cholecystokinin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the alimentary canal wall moves materials through the canal?

muscular layer (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the alimentary canal wall absorbs nutrients?

mucosa (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the alimentary canal wall has blood vessels that carry nutrients away?

submucosa (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the serosa?

to secrete serous fluid to prevent sticking (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ of the digestive system begins the chemical breakdown of foods?

mouth (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ of the digestive system connects the mouth and esophagus?

pharynx (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunity

Species resistance is a type of immunity that results from being human, as opposed to being a cow or plant.
Naturally acquired active immunity results from having an infectious disease.
Artificially acquired active immunity results from a vaccine.
Artificially acquired passive immunity results from a vaccine or antibody injection.
Naturally acquired passive immunity results from receiving antibodies from mother to child.

Allergies

Allergies can be treated effectively by antihistamines.
Anaphylaxis is an excessive immune response that involves IgE antibodies and causes a rapid drop in blood pressure, which is a life-threatening event.
Epinephrine is used to rescue a person experiencing anaphylaxis.

Cancer

Staging is used to identify how far cancer cells have spread.
In stage II breast cancer, the cancer cells have not spread beyond the breast.

Carcinogens

A carcinogen is any factor that causes the formation of cancer.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Numbness of fingers and toes, tender lymph nodes in the neck, "butterfly" rash, and renal failure are signs or symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Tender lymph nodes and joint pain are signs or symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome.

Lymphatic System

The contraction of the muscles in vessel walls and the squeezing action of the skeletal muscles cause lymph to flow through the lymphatic vessels.
If lymph cannot be pushed through the vessels, edema develops.
The spleen removes aged RBCs from circulation.
The spleen is located in the thorax, above the heart.

Immune Response

Hapten is a substance that joins to proteins in the blood to trigger an immune response.
Interferon acts as a chemical barrier and blocks viruses from infecting cells.
Cytokines known as interleukins assist in regulation of the immune response by increasing B cell production and stimulating red bone marrow to produce more white blood cells.
Monokines and lymphokines are proteins that assist in immune response regulation.

A pathogen is a disease-causing agent such as a bacterium, virus, toxin, fungus, or protozoan.
An antigen is a foreign substance in the body that triggers an immune response.
Allergen is a substance that triggers an allergic response.
Inflammation can result from an injury or infection, causing blood vessels in the injured area to dilate and become leaky.

Celiac disease is an immune reaction linked to eating gluten that triggers a reaction causing the body to attack the small intestinal mucosa.
MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) includes pharyngeal, palatine, and lingual tonsils.
The palatine's main function is to separate the oral and nasal cavities.
The main function of the epiglottis is to cover the opening of the larynx.
The esophageal hiatus is the hole in the diaphragm that the esophagus goes through.
The gallbladder's only function is to release bile in response to the hormone cholecystokinin.

Digestive System

The muscular layer of the alimentary canal wall contracts to move materials through the canal.
The mucosa, the innermost layer of the alimentary canal wall, absorbs nutrients.
The submucosa layer of the alimentary canal wall has blood vessels that carry nutrients away.
The serosa layer of the alimentary canal wall secretes serous fluid to keep other organs from sticking to the structures of the alimentary canal.
The mouth is the organ of the digestive system that begins the chemical breakdown of foods.

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Test your knowledge of immunology concepts, including types of immunity and how they're acquired.