download.pdf

Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies SCHEDULE: Week 1 PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learners shall be able to independently compose an insightful reflection paper on the nature of ICT in the context of their lives, society, and professional tracts (Tech Voc, Academic) LEARNING COMPE...

Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies SCHEDULE: Week 1 PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learners shall be able to independently compose an insightful reflection paper on the nature of ICT in the context of their lives, society, and professional tracts (Tech Voc, Academic) LEARNING COMPETENCIES: 1. Compare and contrast the nuances of varied online platforms, sites, and content to best achieve specific class objectives or address situational challenges 2. Apply online safety, security, ethics and etiquette standards and practice in the use of ICT as it would relate to their specific professional tracts 3. Use the Internet as a tool for credible research and information gathering to best achieve specific class objectives PREREQUISITES: None MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ICT: AN INTRODUCTION 1.1 Current State of ICT Technologies 1.1.1 Web 2.0 1.1.1.1 Elements and Tools of Web 2.0 1.1.1.2 The History of Web 2.0 1.1.1.3 Web 2.0 Technologies 1.1.2 The future of Web 2.0: Web 3.0 1.1.2.1 Web 3.0 Expanded Definition 1.1.2.2 Ubiquitous Computing 1.1.2.3 More Intelligent Web 1.1.3 Social and Assistive Media 1.1.4 Educational Technology 1.1.4.1 Learning Management Systems 1.1.4.2 Social Media and Peer-to-Peer Platforms 1.1.4.3 Conferencing Applications 1.2 Online Safety, Security, Ethics and Etiquette 1.2.1 Your Online Data 1.2.2 Online Security Threats and Attacks 1.2.3 Cybersecurity 1.2.4 Fighting against security threats 1.2.5 Netiquette and Internet Chat Rooms 1.3 Contextualized Online Search and Research Skills 1.3.1 Search Engines 1.3.2 How to Search the Internet 1.4 Online Assessment 1.4.1 Learning Tool 1.1 1.4.2 Module 1 Exam DESCRIPTION Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY ICT: AN INTRODUCTION It is important to stay updated with knowledge of the trends we are going along with, especially given that we are dealing with gadgets and electronic tools throughout our lives. To be able to do that, we must know which specific tool to use to assist us in gathering this information. These tools may come as a hardware device or simply an application sitting in your desktop or laptop computers. As for software, we also need to know how to use some of the advanced applications since we are dealing with them most of the time either as a student or as a professional. ICTis an acronym for Information and Communications Technology. A good way to think about ICT is to consider the use of technology, which enables individuals, businesses and organizations to use digital informationICT covers any product that will store, retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information electronically in a digital form. This covers areas under education, banking, healthcare, government, business, and so many branches that we can think of. 1.1 Current State of ICT Technologies Timeline and Definition Web 1.0 is considered the foundation of web technology. The objective of Web 1.0 was to provide access to the Web itself, making the people to view and read the information. The key areas of interest centered on protocols such as HTTP, open standard markup languages such as HTML and XML, Internet access through ISPs, the first Web browsers, Web development platforms and tools, Web-centric software languages such as Java and Javascript, the creation of Web sites, the commercialization of the Web and Web business models, and the growth of key portals on the Web. The infancy of Web 1.0 is the purpose of the birth of Web 2.0, known as the second generation of Internet-based services. Most of the Internet navigators are now able to perform modification of information, and interact with one another to share ideas and knowledge. Another trend that has been a major factor in Web 2.0 is the emergence of the mobile Internet and mobile devices (including camera phones) as a major new platform driving the adoption and growth of the Web. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Web 3.0 is referred to as ‘the intelligent Web’. At this instance, usage of semantic web, microformats, natural language search, data-mining, machine learning, recommendation agents, and artificial intelligence technologies.  1.1.1 Web 2.0 Web 2.0 is the current state of online technology as it compares with the early days of the Web, characterized by greater user interactivity and collaboration, more pervasive network connectivity and enhanced communication channels. One of the most significant differences between Web 2.0 and the traditional World Wide Web (WWW, retroactively referred to as Web 1.0) is greater collaboration among Internet users, content providers and enterprises. 1.1.1.1 Elements and Tools of Web 2.0 Elements of Web 2.0  Online database with adjustable content  The increasing prevalence of Software as a Service (SaaS), web apps and cloud computing  Mobile computing  Mash-ups  Social networking  Crowdfunding or Crowdsourcing  User-generated content (UGC)  Unified communications (UC)  Social curation Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Web 2.0 tools  Social mediaare Web 2.0tools allowing people to interact with one another exchange information, career interests, ideas, and pictures/videos in virtual communities andnetworks.  Social bookmarkingis a user-defined taxonomy system for bookmarks.  A Podcastis basically just an audio (or video) file. What distinguishes a podcast from other types of audio on the Internet is that a “podcaster” can solicit subscriptions from listeners, so that when new podcasts are released, they are automatically delivered, or fed, to a subscriber's computer or mobile device. Educational tools. There are two types of educational tools under Web 2.0.  Electronic portfolios(also referred to as ePortfolios or Webfolios are gaining recognition as a valuable tool for learners. It is practically a storage medium for individuals who wish to store learned information.  Learning Management Systems(LMS), however, is faculty-centered type of application that is focused on providing tools for students to learn and be assessed with. LMS is owned by the institution to where it is currently being implemented while the ePortfolio is owned by the learner. 1.1.1.2 The History of Web 2.0 The foundational components of Web 2.0 are the advances enabled by Ajax and other applications such as RSS and Eclipse and the user empowerment that they support. Darcy DiNucci coined the term “Web 2.0" in her 1999 article, "Fragmented Future”, indicating that the Web will be known to be a "transport mechanism. Darcy foresaw that the Web will be seen not only on personal computer units but in TV sets, car dashboards, mobile phones, and hand-held game machines as well. Tim O'Reilly is generally credited for popularizing the term. O'Reilly Media has subsequently been energetic about trying to copyright "Web 2.0" and holds an annual conference of the same name. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.1.1.3 Web 2.0 Technologies Adobe Flash This is the plug-in on browsers used for delivering high-impact, rich Web content. Designs, animation, and application user interfaces are deployed immediately across all browsers and platforms, attracting and engaging users with a rich Web experience. Microsoft Silverlight Silverlight is a powerful development tool for engaging on interactive user experiences for Web and mobile applications similar with Adobe Flash. This tool is a free plug-in that is based under the.NET framework and compatible with multiple browsers, devices and operating systems. JavaScript JavaScript is the programming language of HTML and the Web used to define the behavior of web pages.3 An instance of this is a new window being displayed after clicking an image, text shown in marquee mode (string of text displayed moving from left to right and vice versa), or a control being in and out of visibility. Torrent A torrent is also a server, sharing the workload and making heavily demanded content more accessible that it would be in the centralized model where demand can lead to overwhelmed servers and pages. Other Technological Innovations of Web 2.0 Manufacturing 2.0 The integration of Web 2.0 communication and collaboration applications into traditional manufacturing practices and processes has been dubbed Manufacturing 2.0. Manufacturing 2.0 takes typical Web 2.0 apps and services and incorporates them into every stage of development and production. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Enterprise 2.0 Similarly, the inclusion of Web 2.0 technologies into an enterprise’s business processes, intranet and extranet is sometimes referred to as Enterprise 2.0 (E2.0). Most enterprise 2.0 followers use a combination of blogs, social networking and social collaborative tools as well as free, paid and homegrown technologies. 1.1.2 The future of Web 2.0: Web 3.0 Web enthusiasts believe that the Web 2.0 is just one phase that transformed World Wide Web into a newer and more established phase they call Web 3.0, also known as the Semantic Web. Tim Berners-Lee, founder of WWW, suggested developers and authors, singly or in collaboration, to utilize self- descriptions to inform users of all suggested sites to lessen users' struggle in searching for the correct information. Web 3.0 will involve the publishing of web resources in languages intended for data (such as XML, RDF, OWL and XHTML) to supplement them with metadata that will allow software to analyze, classify and deliver content for more personal relevance. The evolution of Web 1.0 to 2.0 up until 3.0 which is where we are now is discussed in the link below. Click the image to play the video clip. Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5d61xYzdv0 Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.1.2.1 Web 3.0 Expanded Definition Web 3.0 might be defined as a third-generation Web enabled by the convergence of several key emerging technology trends: Ubiquitous Connectivity  Broadband adoption  Mobile Internet access  Mobile devices  Network Computing Software-as-a-service business models  Web services interoperability  Distributed computing (P2P, grid computing, hosted “cloud computing” server farms such as Amazon S3) 1.1.2.1 Web 3.0 Expanded Definition Open Technologies  Open APIs and protocols  Open data formats  Open-source software platforms  Open data (Creative Commons, Open Data License, etc.) Open Identity  Open identity (OpenID)  Open reputation  Portable identity and personal data The Intelligent Web  Semantic Web technologies  Distributed databases  Intelligent applications Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.1.2.2 Ubiquitous Computing The following defines clearly the elements involved in a pervasive computing system: Information Context Aware The ability to collect, metricize , monitor and platform machine to machine M2M, machine to human M2H telemetry across a wide range of structured, semi-structured and unstructured data Situation Context Aware The ability to create new physical and virtual environments with intelligence information an process context from the level large to the very small. Internet of Things The ability to multiplex and multiplicity of entities, assets and services spacing beyond the computing sphere into many other metasystems in social, commercial, organizational, biological and sustainability system 1.1.2.3 More Intelligent Web The threshold of the third-generation Web will have been crossed in 2007. At this juncture, the focus of innovation will start to shift back from front-end improvements towards back-end infrastructure level upgrades to the Web. Because the focus of the third-generation Web is quite different from that of Web 2.0, this new generation of the Web probably does deserve its own name. In keeping with the naming convention established by labeling the second generation of the Web as Web 2.0, this third-generation of the Web could be called Web 3.0. Technological Convergence Digital convergence refers to the convergence of four industries into one conglomerate, ITTCE (Information Technologies, Telecommunication, Consumer Electronics, and Entertainment). Previously separate technologies Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies such as voice (and telephony features), data (and productivity applications), and video can now share resources and interact with each other synergistically. Telecommunications convergence, or network convergence, is the term used to describe emerging telecommunications technologies, and network architecture used to migrate multiple communications services into a single network. Specifically this involves the converging of previously distinct media such as telephony and data communications into common interfaces on single devices, such as most smart phones can make phone calls and search the web. Media convergence, in this instance, is defined as the interlinking of computing and other information technologies, media content, and communication networks that have arisen as the result of the evolution and popularization of the Internet as well as the activities, products and services that have emerged in the digital media space. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.1.3 Social and Assistive Media Social media is merely a collection of communication channels accessed through the Web and mobile applications with the purpose of allowing users to interact, collaborate, and exchange information, interests, ideas, and any visual representation with another user in a Web-based community. Types of social media Micro blogging is a web service, which allows the subscriber to broadcast short messages to other subscribers of the service. This is a type of blog that lets users publish short text updates, the posts of which are termed micro posts. Micro posts can be made public on a Web site and/or distributed to a private group of subscribers. Social curation is collaborative online sharing of content organized around by an individual or number of people within the community. An alternate term, “content aggregation,” is sometimes proposed to mitigate how other discriminators disagree of the term curation as it is originally meant for the ones used in the field of arts. Wikis are content management systems that provide collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web browser. Coined from a Hawaiian term which mean squick, a wiki is run using wiki software, otherwise known as a wiki engine. In a typical wiki, text is written using a simplified markup language (known as "wiki markup"), and often edited with the help of a rich-text editor. Prominent Examples of Social Media Sites Facebook is a popular free social networking website that allows registered users to create profiles, upload photos and video, send messages and keep in touch with friends, family and colleagues. Twitter is a free microblogging service that allows registered members to broadcast short posts called tweets. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Google+ (pronounced Google plus) is Google's social networking project, designed to replicate the way people interact offline more closely than is the case in other social networking services. Wikipedia is a free, open content online encyclopedia created through the collaborative effort of a community of users known as Wikipedians. LinkedIn is a social networking site designed specifically for the business community. The goal of the site is to allow registered members to establish and document networks of people they know and trust professionally. Pinterest is a social curation website for sharing and categorizing images found online. Pinterest requires brief descriptions but the main focus of the site is visual. Assistive Media Assistive media is an Internet-based audio reading service for people with reading impairments. This opens unique avenue of accessibility for said individuals with visual, cognitive, and communication disabilities. There is an existing site that allows one to access some of the available recordings. The service offered by this site is open and free of charge, and there is no need for anyone to sign up to download the data. 1.1.4 Educational Technology Research findings show that ICT can lead to improved student learning and better teaching methods. It has proven effective in contributing to universal access to education, equity in education, the delivery of quality learning and teaching, teachers’ professional development and more efficient education management, governance and administration. Advantages of ICT for education  Through the use of ICT tools, mentors may be able to use images that will allow memory retention and boost of interest ensuring students' comprehension  Through the use of ICT tools, mentors may be able to explain complicated instructions and be able to easily access resources to knowledge being imparted to the students.  Through the use of ICT tools, mentors may be able to create an environment making the modules enjoyable, which could improve student attendance and concentration. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Disadvantages of ICT for education  The tools should be made available during the class. It would be a burden for the whole class if they will be unable to access the resources needed due to slow connection, loss of internet bandwidth, or sudden power outage.  The tools are expensive to afford -desktop/laptop units, licensed software, routers/switches, LAN cables, and so many more cost more than markers, whiteboards and board eraser.  Teachers should have a broadexperience and knowledge when it comes to ICT tools usage. 1.1.4.1 Learning Management Systems Learning Management System(LMS) is the most common option/format for teaching online. Click the image below to play the video clip, which summarizes the purpose of LMS. Link: https://youtu.be/FAsdtwj00Uo Learning Management System functions solely as an online classroom where professors can:  discuss modules online,  upload reading materials,  play educational videos and audio files,  carry out learning activities,  make announcements,  assess and grade student work. LMSs store and deliver materials developed in a variety of different formats —everything from MS Office documents to videos and third-party applications. Essentially all LMSs have “standard” or typical and uniform features, including:  Analytics (with varying degrees of quality)  Apps  Assignment submission  Discussion forum  File upload/ download capacity  Grading  Instant messages Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies  Online calendar  Online news and announcement (institution and course level)  Online quiz  Wiki  Widgets that allow connections to social media Here is a quick overview of some of these tools: Discussion Pages The discussion pages allow the instructor to confer modules that are related to the topic to be taught for the specific class hours. Chat Rooms Chat rooms are great for office hours. Students know that they can drop in at a certain time and find their instructor there. Threaded Discussions These are discussions that allow a user to follow a thread/theme. It is useful for those who are unable to join a discussion within the provided time frame, or for some discussions that are found to be broad and may be discussed in a very long span of time. Group Pages Group pages are areas where students can communicate with a sub-set of classmates, can share files, and can work collaboratively. Online Tests Students may take the exams online with an allotted timeframe to complete it. Grade book Teachers may get for the students' grade without having to create a spreadsheet file using the LMS LMSs serve many functions, but it is best to think of them as a repository or vehicle for learning, not the learning itself. LMSs do not support content creation and their functionality is usually limited. Rather, the professor with an instructional designer, or an instructional designer ,designs content, using separate, dedicated content authoring software, and places content in the LMS and runs classes, discussions, quizzes through the LMS. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Each LMS has its strength and weaknesses and there are far too many to discuss here. Since they are so similar, the biggest factors in considering LMS are (not in order):  Cost  Ease of use  The LMSs (and company’s) maturity and presence  Appearance (look and feel)  The ability to integrate with existing Student Information Systems (SIS)/Education Information Management Systems (EMIS)  Suite of supports  Special features Because Facebook is the most popular site on the World Wide Web (one of every seven minutes spent online is on Facebook), free social media networks can be an alternative to an LMS. Edmodo, for example, is a free educational social networking application.This type of applicationis used as an alternative to LMSs by universities and Ministries of Educations and schools all over the world because of the following reasons:  Cost  Educational focus  Less bandwidth intensive  Serves as an online classroom  Familiar and easy to use 1.1.4.2 Social Media and Peer-to-Peer Platforms There are other options in this space, everything from VoiceThreadto Twitter chats to online learning communities, like Classroom 2.0 (not technically social media) or Peer2Peer University to blogs (like this one). If the idea is to have learners teaching each other in an open environment (versus the traditional instructor in the “walled garden” of an LMS), option 2 may be a good way to go. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies To be able to have a glance at what a social networking can be used as an online educational tool, click the image below to see the features and functionality of Edmodo. Link: https://youtu.be/4-KBwriCO-Q 1.1.4.3 Conferencing Applications Online Meeting One alternative to the standard online course (via an LMS) or a social networking site is anonline conferencing system that allows for webinars (seminars conducted via the web) and online meetings. Web conferences mimic the traditional lecture one finds in university or classroom--the instructor can lecture, share notes or a presentation and students can even virtually raise their hands and ask questions/communicate through voice or chat. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Two-way Audio A final option is to use two-way video for one-to-one coaching and tutoring (for example, Skype or Google Hangouts). This is an extraordinarily powerful form of online learning because it can provide intensive one-to-one (or one-to- many) instruction and support and make e-learning less impersonal and more “face-based.” And of course, seeing someone and talking with them one-on-one is so essential to developing rapport—and when online learners develop a rapport with their online instructor they are more likely to persist in n online course of study. 1.2 Online Safety, Security, Ethics and Etiquette Almost all people surf the web to check their blogs and emails, download songs and videos, watch video clips, and so many other online activities. According to July 2016 statistics, there are already 3.4 BIllionInternet users worldwide.This means that there are so many people who are into browsing over the Internet worldwide. These users are prone to certain attacks, may it be one that cause damage or hacks your system to gather essential information. Your Online and Offline Identify As more time is spent online, your identity, both online and offline, can affect your life. Your offline identity is the person who your friends and family interact with on a daily basis at home, at school, or work. Your online identity is who you are in cyberspace. Your online identity is how you present yourself to others online. Your online identity can also be considered as an actively constructed presentation of oneself. An online identity may even be determined by a user's relationship to a certain social group they are a part of online. In some online contexts, including Internet forums, online chats, and massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), users can represent themselves visually by choosing an avatar, an icon-sized graphic image. Online identities are associated with users through authentication, which typically requires registration and logging in. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies A part of ICT learning is to make sure that individuals are aware of the online security threats and all possible measures to combat and prevent such attacks. 1.2.1 Your Online Data Data and Information Any information about you can be considered your data. This personal information can uniquely identify you as an individual. This data includes photos and messages that you exchange with your family and friends online. Other Information, such as name, social security number, date and place of birth, or mother‘s maiden name, is known by you and used to identify you. Medical Records-Information provided to you by your doctor, including physical and mental health, prescription and other personal information that may not be medically related, is consideredyour electronic health records (EHRs). Besides your medical history and personal information, the EHR may also include information about your family. Clinical data like heart rates, blood pressures, and blood sugar levels that may be stored via under a cloud platform is also considered a part of your medical record Education Records-Your grades and test scores, your attendance, courses taken, awards and degrees rewarded, and any disciplinary reports may be in your education record. This record may also include contact information, health and immunization records, and special education records including individualized education programs (IEPs). Employment and Financial Records-Your financial record may include information about your income and expenditures. Tax records could include paycheck stubs, credit card statements, your credit rating and other banking information. Your employment information can include your past employment and your performance. Types of Organizational Data Traditional Data Corporate data include personnel information, intellectual properties, and financial data. Personnel information include application materials, payroll, offer letters, employee agreements, and any information used in making employment decisions. Intellectual property, such as patents, trademarks and new product plans, allows a business to gain economic advantage over its competitors. Internet of Things and Big Data Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a lot more data to manage and secure. IoTis a large network of physical objects, such as sensors and equipment that extend beyond the traditional computer network. All these connections, plus the fact that we have expanded storage capacity and storage services through the Cloud and virtualization, lead to the exponential growth of data. This data has created a new area of interest in technology and business called “Big Data". 1.2.2 Online Security Threats and Attacks Malicious programs We have been hearing worms, viruses, and Trojan horses, but we cannotusually distinguish one from the other. Most of the time, we even treat all malicious programs as viruses as this is the most common term peopleknow; the terms are used interchangeably when they function unlikely from the other. Whatever their differences are, all of them arecritical threatsthat can certainly damage our PC's or laptops. Sources of threats  visiting sites that containsdrive-by attackcodes.  downloading malicious software disguised as keygens, cracks, andpatches  downloading files viapeer-to-peernetworks (for example, torrents).  downloading attachments from emails sent especially from unknown sources  replying to emails involving your credentials such as credit card numbers, social security numbers, and few other things  installing software applications with bugs, glitches and vulnerabilities  plugging in removable media containing malicious programs Common Effectsof Malware  slowing down your operating system, your Internet speed or the speed of your applications.  unexpected pop-upsappearing on the system  system crashes frequently or BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) is experienced regularly.  physical disk continues to exhibit excessive activity even when you don’t use it and there is no program or download running at that moment, this could be the right time to check your system for malware.  running out of hard disk space  high network activity is being observed  new homepage, new toolbars or unwanted websites being accessed  programs automatically open and close without user intervention and unusual messages seen in the during or after the booting process  system suddenly shuts down for no reason  security solution is disabled Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies  strange messages sent fromyour blogs or emails to your peers via applications in your system that you do not have any control of. Classes of Malicious Software 1.Viruses A computer virus is a type of malware that propagates by inserting a copy of itself into and becoming part of another program. It spreads from one computer to another, leaving infections as it travels. Almost all viruses are attached to anexecutable file, which means the virus may exist on a system but will not be active or able to spread until a user runs or opensthe malicious host file or program. When the host code is executed, the viral code is executed as well. 2. Worms Computer worms are similar to viruses in that they replicate functional copies of themselves and can cause the same type of damage. In contrast to viruses, which require the spreading of an infected host file, worms are standalone software and do not require a host program or human help to propagate. A worm enters a computer through a vulnerability in the system and takes advantage of file-transport or information-transport features on the system, allowing it to travel unaided. 3. Trojans A Trojan horseis another type of malware which functioned the same way as it was named. Users are typically tricked into loading and executing it on their systems. After it is activated, it can achieve any number of attacks on the host, from irritating the user to damaging the host Trojans are also known to create back doors to give malicious users access to the system Unlike viruses and worms, Trojans do not reproduce by infecting other files nor do they self-replicate. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 4.Bots "Bot" isderived from the word "robot" and is an automated process that interacts with other network services. Bots often automate tasks and provide information or services that would otherwise be conducted by a human being. Bots can be used for either good or malicious intent. A malicious bot is self-propagating malware designed to infect a host and connect back to a central server or servers that act as a command and control (C&C) center for an entire network of compromised devices, or "botnet." 5. Phishing Phishing is the act of sending an email to a user falsely claiming to be an established legitimate enterprise in an attempt to scam the user into surrendering private information that will be used for identity theft. Phishing email will typically direct the user to visit a website where they are asked to update personal information, such as a password, credit card, social security, or bank account numbers, that the legitimate organization already has. The website, however, is bogus and will capture and steal any information the user enters on the page. Examples of Phishing Scams 2003 saw the proliferation of a phishing scam in which users received emails supposedly from eBay claiming that the user's account was about to be suspended unless he clicked on the provided email link and updated the credit card information that the genuine eBay already had. Because it is relatively simple to make a website look like a legitimate organization's site by mimicking the HTML code, the scam counted on people being tricked into thinking they were actually being contacted by eBay and were subsequently going to eBay's site to update their account information. 1.2.3 Cybersecurity Cyber threats Your online credentials are valuable. These credentials give the thieves access to your accounts, which in turn will give them access to the money you store in your accounts. They could access your online accounts and your reputation to trick you into wiring money to your friends or family. This trick which is coined associal engineeringallows criminal to send messages stating that your family or friends need you to wire them money so they can get home from abroad after losing their wallets. This technique is also used by these criminals to manipulate people into making them think they are closed friends, but they actually have hidden intentions behind this. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies There are two types of security threats. Attacks originating from within an organization or from outside of the organization is known as an internal threat. An internal user, such as an employee or contract partner, can accidentally or intentionally mishandle confidential data, threaten the operations of internal servers or network infrastructure devices, facilitate outside attacks by connecting infected USB media into the corporate computer system, accidentally invite malware onto the network through malicious email or websites. When the mentioned attacks is done from the outside the facility, this is considered to be an external threats. Internal threats also have the potential to cause greater damage than external threats, because internal users have direct access to the building and its infrastructure devices. Types of Attackers Amateurs–These people are sometimes called Script Kiddies. They are usually attackers with little or no skill, often using existing tools or instructions found on the Internet to launch attacks. Hackers–This group of attackers break into computers or networks to gain access.  white hat attackers break into networks or computer systems to discover weaknesses so that the security of these systems can be improved.  black hat attackers take advantage of any vulnerability for illegal personal, financial or political gain.  gray hat attackers are somewhere between white and black hat attackers. The gray hat attackers may find a vulnerability in a system. Organized Hackers–These hackers include organizations of cyber criminals, hacktivists, terrorists, and state- sponsored hackers.  Cyber criminals are usually groups of professional criminals focused on control, power, and wealth.  Hacktivists make political statements to create awareness to issues that are important to them.  State-sponsored attackers gather intelligence or commit sabotage on behalf of their government. The Consequences of a Security Breach To protect an organization from every possible cyberattack is not feasible, for a few reasons. The expertise necessary to set up and maintain the secure network can be expensive. A hacker (or hacking group) may vandalize the company website by posting untrue information and ruin the company’s reputation that took years to build. The hackers can also take down the company website causing the company to lose revenue. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies If the company website or network has been breached, this could lead to leaked confidential documents, revealed trade secrets, and stolen intellectual property. Legal Issues in Cybersecurity Personal Legal Issues You do not even have to be an employee to be subject to cybersecurity laws. In your private life, you may have the opportunity and skills to hack another person’s computer or network. Corporate Legal Issues Most countries have some cybersecurity laws in place. They may have to do with critical infrastructure, networks, and corporate and individual privacy. Businesses are required to abide by these laws. International Law and Cybersecurity The area of cybersecurity law is much newer than cybersecurity itself. As mentioned before, most countries have some laws in place, and there will be more laws to come. International cybersecurity law is still quite new. The International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats (IMPACT) is the first, international public-private partnership that is focused on cyber threats. IMPACT is a global partnership of world governments, industries, and academia dedicated to improving global capabilities when dealing with cyber threats. What is Cyberwarfare? Cyberspace has become another important dimension of warfare, where nations can carry out conflicts without the clashes of traditional troops and machines. Cyberwarfareis an Internet-based conflict that involves the penetration of computer systems and networks of other nations. These attackers have the resources and expertise to launch massive Internet-based attacks against other nations to cause damage or disrupt services, such as shutting down a power grid. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies The main purpose of cyberwarfare is to gain advantage over adversaries, whether they are nations or competitors. Besides industrial and militaristic espionage, cyberwar can sabotage the infrastructure of other nations and cost lives in the targeted nations. For example, an attack can cause the following:  disrupt the power grid of a major city.  traffic would be disrupted  the exchange of goods and services is halted  patients cannot get the care needed in emergency situations.  access to the Internet may also be disrupted. Confidentiality Another term for confidentiality would be privacy. Company policies should restrict access to the information to authorized personnel and ensure that only those authorized individuals view this data. The data may be compartmentalized according to the security or sensitivity level of the information. Methods to ensure confidentiality include data encryption, username ID and password, two factor authentication, and minimizing exposure of sensitive information. Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Integrity Integrity is accuracy, consistency, and trustworthiness of the data during its entire life cycle. Data must be unaltered during transit and is not changed by unauthorized entities. A check sum is used to verify the integrity of files, or strings of characters, after they have been transferred from one device to another across your local network or the Internet. A hash function uses a mathematical algorithm to transform the data into fixed-length value that represents the data. The hashed value is simply there for comparison. From the hashed value, the original data cannot be retrieved directly. Availability Availability is best ensured by rigorously maintaining all hardware, performing hardware repairs immediately when needed and maintaining a correctly functioning operating system environment that is free of software conflicts. It’s also important to keep current with all necessary system upgrades. Providing adequate communication bandwidth and preventing the occurrence of bottlenecks are equally important. Redundancy, failover, RAID even high-availability clusters can mitigate serious consequences when hardware issues do occur. 1.2.4 Fighting against security threats Best Practices for Combating Malware Threats  Ensure that your operating system is up to date.  Install an anti-virus software in your PC's.  Firewall should always be enabled.  Assure that the file to be downloaded is safe.  Be cautiousaccepting or agreeing to prompts. Points to Ponder to Secure your Own Data  Use browsers in aprivatemanner  You should take care when choosing a username or alias for your online identity.  Choose your passwords wisely.  Be careful when sharing documents, pictures, and other online resources via blogs or emails.  Be aware ofshoulder surfing.  Verify data is encrypted.  Be aware of social engineering.  Use two-factor authentication if it is available.  When connecting via Wi-Fi, log on to a secure network using WEP or WPA Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.2.5 Netiquette and Internet Chat Rooms Netiquette, a colloquial term fornetwork etiquette or Internet etiquette, is a set of social conventions that facilitate interaction over networks. Interaction may be in the form of: 1. Email Electronic mail (e-mail) is a common way of communicating formally with people as you are able to put in your message to whom the message is for (it may be an individual or a group of people), a summary of the message in the Subject field, and some critical information of the sender. When composing an email, you usually fill up the following components:  To: field:  CC: field  BCC: field  Body  Signature 2.Chat rooms This is the quickest way of sending a message to the recipient and are usually embedded in most blog sites. It also shows the status of the receiver which will give you a hint if he is available to read the message or not. 3. Usenet Usenet is a bulletin-type of service containingnewsgroups where the users can post messages and these posted messages are distributed via Usenet servers. Core Rules of Etiquette  Rule 1: Remember the Human  Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life  Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace  Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth  Rule 5: Make yourself look good online  Rule 6: Share expert knowledge  Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control  Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy  Rule 9: Don't abuse your power  Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Points most strongly emphasized about netiquette often include:  using simple electronic signatures; this can be done in the settings of the mailing site.  avoiding multiposting, cross-posting, off-topic posting, hijacking a discussion thread, and other techniques used to minimize the effort required to read a post or a thread.  use of unabbreviated English  avoid flamewars and spam  avoid typing in all caps or grossly enlarging script for emphasis. Other commonly shared points, such as remembering that one's posts are (or can easily be made) public, are generally intuitively understood by publishers of Web pages and posters to Usenet, although this rule is somewhat flexible depending on the environment. Beyond matters of basic courtesy and privacy, e-mail syntax (defined by RFC 2822) allows for different types of recipients. The primary recipient, defined by the To: line, can reasonably be expected to respond, but recipients of carbon copies cannot be, although they still might. Likewise, misuse of the CC: functions in lieu of traditional mailing lists can result in serious technical issues. 1.3 Contextualized Online Search and Research Skills Research is an integral part of students' life in creating presentations, solving scientific problems, and searching for the definition of an unknown term, but there's more to these activities than what the students usually do. For professionals and academicians, a research assists them in developing new theories, proposing a new solution to an existing problem, or analyzing historical information to determine the origins of a certain person, object or an event. The easiest way for students to perform their research is to do it online. The following six strategies can help online students produce stronger research. The following six strategies can help online students produce stronger research.  Contact a librarian before getting stuck sifting through piles of online information  It's wiser to over-cite sources than risk plagiarism  Use Google and Wikipedia at the beginning of a research process, not the end  Online students can access premium databases that are not available to the public  Understand the professor's expectations for citation format  Understand why professors still assign research projects Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.3.1 Search Engines Search engines areprogramsthat browse documents for specified keywords and returns a list of the documents where the keywords were found. A search engine is really a general class of programs; however, the term is often used to specifically describe systems like Google, Bing and Yahoo! Search that enable users to search for documents on theWorld Wide Web. Web Search Engines Typically, Web search engines work by sending out aspiderto fetch as many documents as possible. Another program, called an indexer, then reads these documents and creates an index based on the words contained in each document. Each search engine uses a proprietary algorithm to create its indices such that, ideally, only meaningful results are returned for each query. As many website owners rely on search engines to send traffic to their website, and entire industry has grown around the idea of optimizing Web content to improve your placement in search engine results. Common Types of Search Engines In addition to Web search engines other common types of search engines include the following:  Local (or offline) Search Engine: Designed to be used for offline PC, CDROM or LAN searching usage.  Metasearch Engine: A search engine that queries other search engines and then combines the results that are received from all.  Blog Search Engine: A search engine for the blogosphere. Blog search engines only index and provide search results from blogs (Web logs).  Google is the world's most popular search engine, with a market share of 67.49 percent as of September, 2015.Bingcomes in at second place. The world's most popular search engines are: Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies 1.3.2 How to Search the Internet The following are steps you need to consider in searching for a word or phrase in the Internet:  Select a search engine.  Type in whatever you want to search on the allotted text box.  Choose a few of the most specific or relevant keywords or phrases to describe your topic.  If you wish to be specific with the sequence of the words as you type them, enclose the words inside double quotes.  Look for the advanced options of the site you are using if you wish to have a Verbatim search  Click Search or press the Enter key on your keyboard. ONLINE ASSESSMENT : (Log-in to your Cisco Networking Academy Account) Contact Information of the Facilitator Name : MS Teams Account (email) : Smart Phone Number : Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta Week 1 / MODULE 1 for ICT 111- Empowerment Technologies Empowerment Technologies (SHS Applied Subject Effective 2020-2021) Copyright : Cisco Networking Academy Learning Management Systems Course Creators : Analyn N. Yumang, Avigail P. Magbag, Rasel H. Dela Cruz, Engr. Marianne Martin-Sejera and Joshua B. Cuesta