Doors, Windows, and Finishes PDF

Page 02 Overview DOORS WINDOWS FINISHES WHAT IS Page 03 A DOOR? WHAT IS IT AND ITS FUNCTIONS A door is a movable barrier that allows entry and exit to a building. Common door materials are wood, glass, metal, and PVC. Provides entry and...

Page 02 Overview DOORS WINDOWS FINISHES WHAT IS Page 03 A DOOR? WHAT IS IT AND ITS FUNCTIONS A door is a movable barrier that allows entry and exit to a building. Common door materials are wood, glass, metal, and PVC. Provides entry and exit Provides security Separates rooms Barrier for a noise.  Page 04 LOCATION Internally External It is preferable that it be Should have a seamless located near the corner of flow from the outside to the room. the inside. Longest wall Consider how the air flows Have access to main areas through your house. Does not interfere with other doors  Page 05 COMPONENTS Door Door Frame Panel- covering the Header- horizontal part central area of the door found at the top of the Stile-vertical part of the frame door panel Jamb-the vertical parts Rail-horizontal part of the found both sides of the door frame Mullion-the vertical part at Sill/Threshold-usually the middle that divides found on exterior doors, the panels helps prevents the jamb from bending  Page 06 DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOORS HINGED DOOR SLIDING DOOR Most common type used in A door that opens horizontally by residential homes sliding 80X36 in 80X36 in Thickness of 1.375 in Thickness of 1.375 in  Page 07 DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOORS FRENCH DOORS PIVOT DOORS Typically made of glass panels Rotates in the central axis instead of hinges 80X30 in 78X48 in Thickness of 1.375 in Thickness of 2.25 in  Page 08 DIFFERENT TYPES OF DOORS REVOLVING DOOR Typically consists of 3 TO 4 doors that rotates in the middle within a cylindrical enclosure 98X89 in Thickness of 1.375 in per door  WHAT IS Page 08 WINDOW? Window is an opening specially in the wall of a building to provide natural light and natural ventilation that can be closed by casements or sashes containing transparent material such as glass. ADVANTAGES AND Page 09 DISANVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Provide natural light. Provide ventilation. Security Risk Offer protection from the Maintenance weather. Cost Blow fresh air in the room of a house.  Page 10 COMPONENTS OF A WINDOW Transom- A horizontal separator WINDOW between two window units or lights. Lintel- A beam over the top of a Sill- The bottom section of the window window usually wood, steel or frame, usually angled and projecting concrete. beyond the line of the wall to allow Frame- Usually made of upvc or rainwater to run off. metal. It holds the light I place and Light- The area between the outer supports the window system. parts of a window frame, that is usually Head- The top of the frame which filled with a pane of glass. In short this sits below the lintel. is what we commonly call the Jamb- The vertical parts forming “Window”. the sides of the frame. Sash- The frame that holds the Mullion- A vertical separator glazing/window. between two window units or Casement- A window that is attached lights. to its frame by one or more hinges.  Page 11 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS FIXED LIGHT WINDOWS This window can’t be opened. These may be situated where the window would be impractical or dangerous, such as windows on staircases, but where light is beneficial.  Page 12 SASH WINDOWS Glass is fitted with “sashes” that is movable and slide vertically past each other. Usually both sashes will slide, however some windows have a single hung sash where one is fixed, and one moves.  Page 13 CASEMENT WINDOWS This is a window that opens attached to the frame b hinges. These are now the most produced windows in UK, as they are easier to maintain and are more energy efficient than sash windows. They usually open outwards although some older window designs open inward.  Page 14 TILT AND TURN WINDOWS This window has mechanism which allows them to tilt inwards from one edge or to open inwards from one side. They are easy to clean from the inside and so they are often used in flats.  Page 15 PIVOT WINDOWS This window hung on one hinge at center points on each of two opposite sides. This allows the window to revolve when opened. The pivots can either be vertical, with the hinges mounted top and bottom, or horizontal, with the hinges mounted on each jamb.  Page 16 BAY WINDOWS These consist of multi-panel windows that project out in front of the external wall line, being supported by a low wall. They can be both single storey and run over several storeys.  Page 17 BI-FOLD WINDOWS Bi-fold windows are made up of several individual sashes or panels which are hinged together. Despite the name “bifold”, generally they feature more than 2 sashes or panels.  Page 18 LOUVRE WINDOWS Louvre windows are made up of a series of parallel pieces of glazing that are hung on center pivots positioned at intervals down the vertical jambs that allow them to open and close using a crank or lever. This is the same system as a louvre blind.  Page 19 SKYLIGHT WINDOW Skylights windows are traditionally the “go-to” option for anyone that wants to get some natural day light into a loft or roof space or even into an extension or existing flat roof.  Page 20 WHAT IS A FINISHES? WHAT IS IT AND ITS FUNCTIONS Finishes refer to the final layers or treatments applied to surfaces, such as walls, floors, and ceilings, to enhance aesthetics, protect the underlying materials, and provide a completed look.  Page 21 TYPES OF FINISHES PLASTERING POINTING PAINTING VARNISHING DIS TEMPERING WHITE WASHING COLOUR WASHING WHAT IS Page 22 PlASTERING? Types Plastering is the process of CEMENT PLASTERING applying a smooth or textured GYPSUM PLASTERING layer of plaster to walls and MUD PLASTERING ceilings to create a finished LIME PLASTERING surface. WATERPROOF PLASTER TYPES OF Page 23 PLASTERING CEMENT GYPSUM MUD Cement plastering is the Gypsum plastering, also known Mud plastering uses locally application of a cement- as plaster of Paris, is popular sourced mud mixed with based mixture to walls and for interior surfaces due to its natural materials to create a ceilings to create a smooth, fire resistance and suitability rustic, eco-friendly, and durable surface. for hygienic environments. thermally insulating finish. LIME WATERPROOF Lime plaster, often used in Waterproof plaster is a specialized historical buildings and material applied to surfaces to prevent water penetration and restoration projects, helps damage, commonly used in areas preserve structural prone to moisture such as authenticity. bathrooms and kitchens. TYPES OF Page 24 PLASTERING  Page 25 WHAT IS POINTING? Types FLUSH POINTING Pointing is the process of filling WEATHERED POINTING gaps between bricks or stones KEYED POINTING in masonry work with mortar to V-GROOVED POINTING improve structural integrity and BEADED POINTING appearance. STRUCK POINTING RECESSED POINTING TUCK POINTING TYPES OF Page 26 POINTING TYPES OF Page 27 POINTING FLUSH WEATHERED KEYED involves creating grooves or Flush pointing is a technique a style where mortar joints are keyways in the mortar joints where mortar is neatly filled shaped to slope away from the before applying fresh mortar, between bricks or stones to masonry surface, aiding water enhancing adhesion and create a smooth, level surface runoff and preventing moisture durability in masonry with the surrounding masonry. accumulation. structures. V-GROOVED BEADED a style where mortar joints involves using a rounded tool to are shaped into a V-groove shape the mortar joints into a profile, providing a bead-like profile, adding a decorative and distinctive decorative element to masonry finish to masonry surfaces. surfaces. TYPES OF Page 28 POINTING STRUCKED RECESSED TUCK is a method where excess involves setting mortar joints a technique where a thin strip of mortar is scraped away from slightly below the surface of the contrasting mortar is added to the joints, leaving a flush and masonry, creating a shadow the exterior of a mortar joint for effect and adding depth to the decorative purposes or to give smooth finish overall appearance of the the illusion of well-maintained structure. joints.  Page 29 WHAT IS VARNISHING? Types varnishing refers to applying a CLEAR VARNISH protective and decorative layer PIGMENTED of varnish onto surfaces like WATER-BASED wood, metal, or concrete to enhance their appearance, POLYURETHANE durability, and resistance to environmental factors. TYPES OF Page 30 VARNISHING CLEAR VARNISH PIGMENTED a transparent protective coating a type of varnish that contains applied to surfaces to enhance added color pigments, providing their appearance and provide both protective qualities and durability while allowing the altering the appearance of the natural color and grain of the surface by imparting color. material to show through. WATER BASED POLYUREHANE a type of varnish that uses water a type of protective coating as the primary solvent, offering a commonly used on wood surfaces, low odor, quick drying time, and known for its durability, resistance easy cleanup, making it suitable to scratches and chemicals, and for indoor applications and ability to provide a glossy or matte environmentally friendly. finish.  Page 31 WHAT IS PAINTING? Painting involves applying protective coatings or decorative finishes to surfaces such as walls, ceilings, or structures to enhance durability, aesthetics, and longevity.  Page 32 WHAT IS DIS- TEMPERING? Distempering is the process of applying a water-based paint mixture to interior walls or ceilings for a decorative finish with a matte appearance.  Page 33 WHAT IS WHITE WASHING? Whitewashing is the application of a thin, diluted mixture of water and white paint to surfaces, often used for a rustic or weathered look while allowing the texture of the underlying material to show through.  Page 34 WHAT IS COLOUR WASHING? Color washing is the technique of applying a translucent layer of thinned paint over a base coat to create a soft, mottled effect with subtle variations in color.  THANK YOU Group 6-BSCE221G Bolia-Francisco-Ilogon REFERENCES: https://windowdigest.com/what-are-the-parts-of- window/ https://www.diydoctor.org.uk/projects/parts-of-window.htm https://swdbespoke.com/how-to-position-interior-and- exterior-doors/ https://htrwindows.ca/types-of-doors-the-ultimate-guide/ https://www.architecturaldigest.com/reviews/home- improvement/typical-french-door-size https://www.dimensions.com/element/pivot-door- angled#:~:text=The%20Angled%20Slats%20Pivot%20Door,de pending%20on%20the%20door%20width. REFERENCES: https://www.windowworldsouthernnevada.com/article/standa rd-door-width-length-guide https://www.dimensions.com/element/revolving-door-3- wing-glass https://www.oldenglishdoors.co.uk/blog/where-to-position- your-internal-doors-to-improve-room- flow/#:~:text=The%20best%20place%20to%20position,be%2 0positioned%20to%20the%20side REFERENCES: https://swdbespoke.com/how-to-position-interior-and- exterior- doors/#:~:text=Doors%20should%20be%20positioned%20so,i nto%20hallways%20or%20access%20ways.&text=Another%2 0important%20factor%20to%20consider,air%20flows%20thr ough%20your%20house. https://www.ultratechcement.com/for-homebuilders/home- building-explained-single/descriptive-articles/types-of- plastering REFERENCES: https://360painters.ca/different-types-of-painting-used-in- building-construction/ https://www.ultratechcement.com/for-homebuilders/home- building-explained-single/descriptive-articles/types-of- plastering https://housing.com/news/varnish/