Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems PDF

Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k 1. Add interior lining to the tank 2. Add cathodic protection What are acceptable method...

Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k 1. Add interior lining to the tank 2. Add cathodic protection What are acceptable methods for corro- sion protection for underground storage 3. Combine cathodic protection and inte- tanks rior lining It is not practical to cald or coat unpro- tecte steel USTs Tranformers, capacitors, and fluorescent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) light ballasts most likely contain what? process that seeks to characterize a physical property or operation from an Environmental site assessment environmental view with an overall objec- tive of understanding site-specific condi- tions. Process that seeks to verify document- ed expectations, typically regulation and Environmental Audit policies, by conducting interviews, re- viewing records, and making firsthand observations 1. Making a self-determination and self-declaration 2. Seeking confirmation of its confor- How does an organization demonstrate mance by parties having an interest in conformity with ISO 14001 the organization, such as customers 3. Seeking certification/registration of its environmental management system by an external organization Should never be poured down the sink because they can decompose explosive- ly on heating and can form shock sensi- Azides tive and highly explosive mixtures if ex- posed to other heavy metals or hydro- gen. 1 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k Economic Viable Application of Best Available Technology EVABAT to control environmental impacts without causing an organization financial hard- ship 1. Planning 2. PPE Operations for environmental spill re- sponse include: 3. Mitigation 4. Decontamination With respect to pollution prevention, soil Particle size columns are classified by An environmental Life Cycle Assess- ment Systematic set of procedures for compil- ing and examining the inputs and outputs LCA of materials and energy and the associ- ated environmental impacts directly at- tributable to the functioning of a product or service system throughout its life cy- cle. ISO 14040 The Life Cycle Assessment Guideline 1. Source reduction and Reuse 2. Recycling/Composting List the waste management hierarchy from most effective to least effective 3. Energy Recovery 4. Treatment and disposal The most commonly cited violation of Mislabeling chemicals and hazardous environmental regulations is waste 2 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k Studies the airborne release of haz- Vapor-cloud dispersion models ardous materials into the surrounding at- mosphere 1. Plume - describes the steady state concentration of material released from a continuous source. The two primary types of vapor-cloud dispersion models are 2. Puff - the temporal concentration of material form a single release of a fixed amount of materials. 1. piping failure The releases from underground storage tanks are typically associated with these 2. corrosion problems 3. spills and overfilling reducing flow rates needed to achieve a Adding flanges parrallel to the face of given capture velocity for airborne cont- exhaust hoods has the effect of aminants. What percentage of flow rate reductions Approximately 25% can flanges on exhaust hoods provide Leadership in Energy and Environmen- tal Design The certification process for new build- ing construction and renovations that in- LEED clude a rating system designed to guide and distinguish high performance build- ings that have less of an impact on the environment and are healthier to work within. 1. Sustainable sites 2. Water efficiency The 6 environmental categories for the LEED certification system 3. Energy and Atmosphere 4. Materials and Resources 3 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Innovation and Design Pollution Prevention is driven most by Business Interests as meeting the needs of the world's cur- Sustainable development is best defined rent population without making it impos- as sible for the world's future citizens to meet their needs. a system in which a process waste is conveyed through closed systems to tank storage and then recycled in tanks closed-loop recycling before returning the reprocessed mater- ial to the production system. An example would be the storage and distillation of a spent solvent. Means either the destruction of a waste Disposal or putting it in the ground. the fraction of feedstock used in manu- facturing a material that is derived from wastes captured during or just after Preconsumer recycled content the manufacturing process. An example would is repulping scrap paper shaved from the ends of a paper roll to produce the next batch. the fraction of feedstock used in man- ufacturing a material which is derived Postconsumer recycled content from materials that have been used by the public, discarded and collected for reprocessing. Any activity that decreases or prevents the creation of a waste or that decreases Source reduction the toxicity of the waste stream without treatment is called the reduction, to the extent feasible, of hazardous waste that is generated 4 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k or subsequently treated, stored, or dis- posed. It includes any source reduction Waste minimization or recycling activity that results in the reduction of the total volum of waste gen- erated. any activity that decreases the amount of Waste reduction waste materials that require waste man- agement efforts the continuing production of abandoned materials that are collected and man- Waste stream aged for the purpose of disposal or re- cycling. Environmental management guidelines A set of principles, tools to achieve envi- are generally composed of a series of ronmental objectives, management pro- interlinking and supporting components grams, a management framework that include What is the process by which clumps of solids in water or wastewater aggregate Flocculation through biological or chemical action in order to be separated To remove or separate a portion of the water in a sludge or slurry to dry the sludge so it can be handled and dis- Dewater posed of. Remove or drain the water from a tank or trench. Decreasing the acidity or alkalinity of a substance by adding alkaline or acidic Neutralization materials A chemical or physical process that kill pathogenic organisms in water, air or on surfaces. Chlorine is often used to dis- Disinfections infect sewage treatment effluent, water supplies, wells, and swimming pools. 1. Characteristic Waste - Waste exhibit- ing any of the four characteristics of waste 1) ignitability by closed cup flash 5 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k point 2) corrosivity by pH less than 2 or greater than 12.5 3) reactivity by insta- bility or 4) toxicity by Toxic Characteristic Leachate Procedure (TCLP) 2. Listed Hazardous Waste - Specifically A waste will be subject to the hazardous listed in subpart D waste regulations if it meets any of these conditions: 3. Mixtures - The waste is a mixture of a listed hazardous waste and a nonhaz- ardous waste. 4. Declared to be Hazardous - The waste has be declared to be hazardous by the generator DOT Hazard Class 1 includes Explosives DOT Hazard Class 2 includes Gases DOT Hazard Class 3 includes Flammable liquids DOT Hazard Class 4 includes Flammable solids Oxidizing substances and organic perox- DOT Hazard Class 5 includes ides Toxic substances and infectious sub- DOT Hazard Class 6 includes stances DOT Hazard Class 7 includes Radioactive materials DOT Hazard Class 8 includes Corrosive substances Miscellaneous hazardous materi- DOT Hazard Class 9 als/products, substances or organisms What is the most useful indicator for de- termining the adequacy of water treat- Total coliforms ment and the integrity of the distribution system What gas has the most impact on the Carbon Dioxide greenhouse effect 6 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k 1. Concept 2. System Development What are the four major phases of devel- opment in a system life cycle 3. Production and Deployment 4. Sustainment and Disposal International Maritime Organization the United Nations specialized agency IMO with responsibility for the safety and se- curity of shipping and the prevention of marin pollution by ships. The International Maritime Dangerous GOods Code IMDGC relates to the safe carriage of dangerous goods by sea United Nations Environment Pro- gramme, an agency of United Nations and coordi- UNEP nates its environmental activities, assist- ing developing countries in implement- ing environmentally sound policies and practices International Association for Impact As- sessment IAIA international association of profession- als involved with impact assessment, in- cluding both social and environmental impact assessments. International Air Transport Association trade association representing airlines. IATA works closely with local gov- 7 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k ernments and International Civil Avia- tion Organization. The IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations manual is the global IATA reference for shipping dangerous goods by air and is the only standard recog- nized by airlines. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act This act requires that all hazardous waste shipped off-site be tracked from RCRA cradle to grave using a manifest that pro- vides information about the generator of the waste, the facility that will receive the waste, a description and quantity of the waste and how the waste will be routed to the receiving facility. Generated -Less than 100kg/mo of any hazardous waste -Less than 1kg/mo of P-listed (acutely Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity hazardous) waste Generator (CESQG) -Less than 100 kg/mo of cleanup waste Accumulated "" Generates 100 kg/mo to 1000 kg/mo Limitations on accumulations: -Accumulation time without permit is less Small Quantity Generator (SQG) than or equal to 180 days -Accumulation quantity is limited to 6000kg -Accumulation is allowed in tanks or con- tainers only 8 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k -Is subject to full subtitle C regulation -Generates more than SQG and CESQG. More than 1000kg/mo of any hazardous waste and more than 1 kg/mo of acutely hazardous waste Large Quantity Generator (LQG) -Accumulates more than SQG and CESQG. More than 6000kg of haz- ardous waste, more than 1kg of acutely hazardous waste, and more than 100kg of contaminated soil, waste or debris. Comprehensive Environmental Re- sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act Locate, assess and clean potential haz- CERCLA ardous waste sites and emergency spills; grant EPS authority to initiate in- vestigations, testing and monitoring of disposal sites; implement site remedia- tion. Clean Water Act Protect U.S. waters (surface and CWA groundwater) from direct, indirect, and hazardous point-source pollution dis- charges. Clean Air Act Protect and enhance US air quality; CAA maintain National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS); Establish national emissions standards for hazardous pol- lutants (NESHAP). Department of Transportation Establish standards for the safe trans- port of hazardous wastes through pack- 9 / 10  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_asn09k age and container requirements; estab- lish a labeling system applicable to haz- DOT ardous waste transportation; document transport to ensure proper treatment and disposal; notification of roadside spills. Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA Screen new chemicals; test new chemi- cals identified as potentially hazardous; regulate toxic substance disposal What four recovery processes have 1. Distillation been most commonly identified for 2. Solvent Extraction waste oil, halogenated solvents, and 3. Carbon adsorption nonhalogenated solvents? 4. Ultrafiltration By far the most prevalent for solvent re- covery because of the relative ease of Distillation Process separation by this means. Distillation is also common for waste oils. the partial removal of a substance from a solution or mixture by dissolving it in Solvent Extraction another, immiscible solvent in which it is more soluble. Used for Solvent recovery. Is most commonly used for vapor phase carbon adsorption solvent recovery and for low-concentra- tion aqueous streams. A low pressure membraine sepata- tion process, is applicable to cleaning Ultrafiltration coolant oils and recovery of tramp oil from aqueous coolant mixtures. 1. ion exchange The processes that can be used for re- 2. membrane processes (reverse osmo- covery of metals include sis, ultrafiltration, electrolysis) 3. Evaporation 10 / 10  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz presence of contaminants in the air that can harm human health and the environ- ment. Air pollution can be caused by ei- ther natural or man-made sources. Wild Air pollution fires are example of natural source of air pollution and emissions from vehicles is an example of man-made source of air pollution. -Primary air pollutants are those pollu- tants that are directly emitted into the atmosphere such as carbon monoxide from vehicle emissions. -Secondary air pollutants are defined as those pollutants that are formed by a Two broad categories of air pollutants chemical reaction. For example, reaction between sulfur ox- ides and moisture in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid is a good example of secondary air pollutant. -Carbon monoxide -Nitrogen dioxide -Sulphur dioxide Harmful effects of air pollutants -Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) -ground-level Ozone -Lead -Chromium a gas which is produced as a result of in- complete combustion of carbon contain- ing materials. It is colorless and odorless carbon monoxide and it is 210 times more reactive with the hemoglobin in the blood compared to oxygen. a reddish-brown irritating gas. It reacts with moisture in the atmosphere to form Nitrogen Dioxide nitric acid. Nitrogen oxides are formed as a result of combustion of nitrogen con- 1/9  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz taining fuels. This gas can cause severe lung damage. a colorless but irritating gas. It is formed as a result of combustion of sulfur con- taining fuels such as coal. It can cause Sulphur Dioxide severe breathing problems, and in the atmosphere, it is converted to sulfuric acid sources of SPM include coal-burning power plants, and heavier fuels combus- Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) tion such as diesel. The health effects of SPM include lung damage, and irritation of nose and throat. a highly reactive gas. It occurs naturally in the atmosphere and it protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations from the sun. However, ozone is considered to Ozone be an air pollutant on earth. Ozone on earth is formed by the chemical reaction between nitrogen oxides and volatile or- ganic compounds. the compounds of lead are emitted into the atmosphere as particulate matter. The sources of lead pollution include paint, metal works, batteries, and leaded Lead automobile fuels. Adverse health effects include central nervous system damage which could lead to mental retardation, digestive system problems, and cancer it is emitted into the atmosphere as par- ticulate matter. Paint and chromium plat- Chromium ing are examples of sources of this air pollutant. It is harmful to nasal septum and can cause chrome holes 1. By supplying adequate amount of ex- cess air and maintaining high enough temperatures and residence time in the 2/9  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz combustion processes to ensure com- plete combustion of the fuel and conver- sion of carbon in the fuel to carbon diox- ide rather than incomplete combustion Air pollution from industrial sources which generates carbon monoxide. 2. By using mechanical devices such as cyclones, scrubbers, electrostatic pre- cipitators, and bag houses Scrubbers are effective for removing air pollutants from industrial exhaust Scrubbers streams. Scrubbers fall into two broad categories, wet and dry. fine mists of water vapor trap particu- lates and convert them to a sludge that is collected and disposed of usually in a landfill wet scrubber Wet scrubbers are essentially a column in which the dirty gas stream flows up the column and comes into contact with a suitable liquid which is capable of remov- ing the hazardous components of the dirty gas stream. -the type most commonly used in plants today -they utilize a collection of dry sub- Dry Scrubber stances to remove harmful gases. The system sprays a collection of dry reagents into an exhaust stream. -Rotational effects and gravity are used to separate mixtures of solids and fluids. -Cyclones operate to collect relative- ly large-size particulate matter from Cyclones gaseous stream through the use of cen- trifugal forces --The method can also be used to separate fine droplets of liquid from a gaseous stream 3/9  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz -Dust-laden gas is made to rotate in a de- creasing diameter pathway forcing solids to the outer edge of the gas stream to deposit in bottom of cyclone -Efficiencies of 90% in particle sizes of 10 microns or greater are possible An electrostatic precipitator is a device that can remove fine particles from a gas Electrostatic Precipitators stream by introducing an electrostatic charge. -A baghouse, bag filter, or fabric filter re- moves contaminants from a gas stream by the process of filtration. -Baghouses have a very high collection Bag houses efficiency typically 99% or better. -Bag houses use sieving, impaction, ag- glomeration and electrostatic filtration principles to remove solids from gaseous exhaust stream -Saturated zone What are the two zones of groundwater -Unsaturated zone also called Vadose zone, immediately Unsaturated zone below the land surface, contains water and air in the open spaces, or pores a zone in which all the pores and rock Saturated zone fractures are filled with water, underlies the unsaturated zone. The top of the saturated zone is called the water table. The water table may be Water table just below or hundreds of feet below the land surface. The boundary between saturated and unsaturated zones is called potentiomet- potentiometric surface ric surface which is an area in which the pressure exerted by the water table equals atmospheric pressure. 4/9  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz useful in quantifying the movement of pollutants through underground waters. Where: -Q = discharge, volume per unit time -K = hydraulic conductivity -A = cross sectional area ( Darcy's Law -H1- H2 )/L = a dimensionless head pres- sure loss term -(H1- H2 ) = difference in elevation which is usually expressed in feet -L = linear distance between the two lo- cations studied for water flow instrument used for measuring water Piezometer table elevations The process of removing a pure gas or liquid or one or more components of a gaseous mixture into a solid bed Adsorption definition Air purifying respirators remove the con- taminants in the air by adsorption. Activated charcoal is a good example of an adsorbent -Mineral acids -Oxidizers -Caustics -Flammables Chemical groupings for segregation of - Non-halogenated organic solvents hazardous waste -Halogenated organic solvents -Organic acids -Carcinogens -Mercury and mercury compounds -General "dry" lab chemicals 5/9  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz -Ignitability -Reactivity Traits of characteristic hazardous waste -Toxicity -Corrosivity The process of removing a component into a liquid Absorption Harmful gases are removed by suitable liquid in scrubbers Also known as "bad" ozone can be gen- erated by the chemical reaction between ground level ozone oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds. The reaction is catalyzed by sunlight. -Ore and metal processing operations -Waste incineration -Battery manufacturing Sources of lead emmision -utilities plants -piston-engine air craft operating on leaded aviation fuel. Unconfined aquifers are also called Water table aquifers It is the volume of water that will drain by Specific yield gravity from a specific volume of soil or rock an area lacking groundwater due to rapid withdrawal by a well cone of depression When water is pumped from a confined aquifer, a cone of depression is formed -Has a pH of about 5.7. It is generally less than 7 due to dissolved gasses -This makes rainfall slightly acidic Rainfall -Rainfall can dissolve and react with car- bonates in the soil or rock -The groundwater has a pH greater than 6/9 Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz rainfall because it increases as it mi- grates and joins underground waters -A measure of the ability of an aquifer to Hydraulic conductivity transmit water -Usually measured in the field - A measure of how easily water can move through an aquifer - The permeability value depends on the Soil permeability properties of the aquifer materials only -Permeability is a value usually obtained in a laboratory The process that reduces the solubility of hazardous constituents and reduces the exposed area that may allow the migra- tion of the contaminants Stabalization Most stabalization processes incorpo- rate the waste into a solid matrix using a binding agent or polymers Land Disposal Restrictions LDR is an acronym for: LDR restricted wastes are those that fall under the land disposal restriction stan- dard under RCRA. - Stripping towers may be induced-draft towers -In stripping towers, the air floe upward Air stripping and the liquid waste flows downward -The gas-liquid system eventually reach- es equilibrium based in Henry's Law A reversible exchange of ions between Ion exchange liquid and solid phases -Use gaseous ions to charge particles, which are then moved through an elec- tric field to be deposited onto charged collection plates 7/9  Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz -Collected particulate material is re- moved by rapping or washing the plates To produce the free ions and electric electrostatic precipitator field, high internal voltages are required -Best suited for removing small particles (less than 1 micron) -99% efficiency level -Is a tool that can be used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a product, material, process or activity -Helps to promote the responsible de- sign and redesign of products and An environmental Life-Cycle Assess- processes ment (LCA): -Allows businesses to make product improvements through environmentally sound process, material, and design choices -Gives businesses government incen- tives -Meteorological conditions -Terrain evaluation at the source location -Ambient air temperature -Cloud cover Data needed for Vapor-cloud dispersion -Atmospheric turbulence models include but are not limed to: -Solar radiation The two types of vapor-cloud dispersion models are plume and puff -Blackwater What are the three main types of waste- -Graywater water -Yellow water Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals. REACH -A European Union regulation -Addresses the production and use of chemical substances and their impacts 8/9 Domain 7: Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8y62yz on both human health and the environ- ment Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS It is a legislation which focuses on haz- ardous substances in electrical and elec- tronic equipment 9/9  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ywqtl 1. RCRA solid Garbage, refuge, or sludge that are solid, liquid, semisolid, waste gas containing, or other-excluded 2. When RCRA sol- Listed by EPA, possess hazardous characteristics such id waste be- as being ignitable, corrosive, reactive, or toxic, increase comes haz- mortality or severe injury, and pose a potential hazard to ardous waste humans or the environment if improperly treated, stored, transported, disposed, or managed 3. RCRA hazardous Generated by a SQG, reused, recycled, or reclaimed, are waste regula- a sludge or contain a listed EPA waste, or the handler is a tions vary if generator, transporter, or owner-operator of a treatment, storage, or disposal facility 4. Controls for haz- Eliminate, reduce quantity, compaction, reduce/recy- ardous waste cle/reclaim, containment, storage, separation, pretreat- ment, detoxification, treatment, and disposal by buriel, deep well injection, or incineration 5. Hazardous waste EPA ID number, manifests, tracking, identification, and distribution is disposal managed by 6. Eight sections of 1. Identification RCRA 2. Labeling/packing/transportation 3. Disposal facilities 4. Permitting of disposal facilities 5. State programs 6. Facility Inspections 7. Civil and criminal penalties for violators 8. LQGs (1000kg or more/month), SQGs (100 to 1000kg/month), and CESQGs (less than 100kg/month) 7. CERCLA Superfund to cleanup hazardous waste sites with strict, several, and joint liability 8. SARA III EPCRA, RTK, and emergency response planning 9. OSHA HAZWOP- ER 1/6  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ywqtl Site analysis, control, training, medical surveillance, air monitoring, PPE, information, decontamination, and emergency response 10. NWPA Nuclear Waste Policy Act for protecting public health, cre- ating a repository for spent fuel, and a nuclear waste fund for disposal programs 11. HAZMAT Any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, living organ- isms, property, or the environment 12. Density Mass per unit volume 13. Specific Gravity Ratio of density of material to density of water 14. Vapor density Weight of volume of gas or vapor compared to an equal volume of air 15. Solubility Dissolve in solvent to form a solution 16. Periodic table 118 elements with symbols, atomic number, atomic mass, has and isotopes 17. Concentrations ppm, ppb, or mg/m3 are measured in 18. Physical hazards Engulfment, overpressurization, slip/trip/falls, crushing, of HAZMAT fires/explosions, corrosion, thermal decomposition, and water reactivity 19. Cause of HAZ- Shock, sensitivity, friction, chemical rxns, ignition, oxygen MAT fires and ex- enrichment, and a sudden release of pressure plosions 20. Water reactive Alkali metals; metal hydrides, amides, and halides; organic chemicals and inorganic acid halides, phosphorous pentoxide, calci- um carbide, and anhydrides of low molecular weight 21. Alkali metals Na, Li, and K 2/6  Domain 7 Environmental Management Systems Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8ywqtl 22. Alkali metal hy- LiH, CaH2, LiAlH4, and NaBH4 drides 23. Metal amides NaNH2 24. EPA Classifica- >1000kg/month, >1kg acute/month no storage limit, and tion of LQG 90 day storage 25. EPA Classifica- >100kg/month, >1kg acute/month, storage of tion of SQG 6000kg/13,200lbs for 180 days or 270 days if site is 200 miles away 26. EPA Classifica- < or = 100kg/month,