Dentistry Test 8 PDF

**Test \# 8** **Indirect pulp cap** When there is a chance of nerve exposure , a small amount of carious tissue is left Then Calcium hydroxide is placed on top of nerve or closest and Permanet restoration is placed or temporary restoration. **Direct pulp cap** When nerve exposure occurs during...

**Test \# 8** **Indirect pulp cap** When there is a chance of nerve exposure , a small amount of carious tissue is left Then Calcium hydroxide is placed on top of nerve or closest and Permanet restoration is placed or temporary restoration. **Direct pulp cap** When nerve exposure occurs during procedure Calcium hydroxide is placed over exposure Temporary restoration is placed Tooth is monitored Is its remains asymptomatic permanent restoration is placed **Pulpotomy** Removal of coronal portion of tooth leaving the pulp within the canals - Decidious tooth :pulp chamber is removed ,hemostatic agent is placed several minutes , then restoration is placed. - Adult tooth : permanet teeth which has not fully development , pulp chamber is removed but no pulp and pulp canals. Secondary dentin formation is the goal to close the apex. - **Curettage:** scraping and cleaning out of disease of infected tissue using surgical instrument - **Retrograde restoration :** restoration placed in the apex following apicoectomy. - Improves visibility - Decrease moisture contamination - Prevents caustic irrigants from entering in oral cavity. - Prevents accidental inhalation or swallowing of small instruments - Spontaneous or intermittent pain - Severe pain - Lingering pain to sweets or thermal change - Pain or swelling to palpitation - Pain to percussion or mastication - Absense of pain with swelling - **Palpation :** light preasure applied - **Thermal sensitivity :** reaction to hot and cold - **Transillumination:** used for anterior teeth , light can be placed on a lingual surface - **Mobility :** excess of mobility culd be a large infection or less periodontal support - **Electronoic pilp tester :**sligth electrical current is applied to determine pathology. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Infiltration :** | **Anterior superior | **Middle superior | | | alveolar :** | alveolar:** Apex | | Apex any maxillary | | maxillary 2nd | | tooth at mucobuccal | Mesial maxillary | premolar ,mucobuccal | | fold | canine ,at | fold | | | apex,mucobuccal fold | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Posterior superior | **Nasopaltine :** | **Greater palatine | | alveolar :** | | :** | | | Incisive papilla and | | | Distal to apex | lingual to central | Distal to 2nd molar | | maxillary 2nd molar | incisors | hallfway between | | ,mucobuccal fold | | gingival margin and | | | | midline | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ Mandibuary arch +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Infiltration :** | **Inferior alveolar :** | | | | | Not a good method due density | Distal , suoerior, slightly | | | lingual to retromolar pad | | Apex incisor | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Buccal :** | **Mental:** | | | | | Buccal side , distal to the most | Between 1st and 2nd premolar , | | distal tooth | anterior mental foramen and | | | mucobuccal fold | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Properties of local anesthetic** - Rapid on set - Long duration 1 to 4 hours - Reversible - Low toxicity - Low incidence of allergy - Economica - Shelf life at least 18 month - Compatible with vasoconstrictors **Containdications of using epinephrine** - Hypertension - Severe cardiovascular disease - Hyperthyroid