HIV/AIDS Management PDF
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This document provides key considerations in HIV/AIDS management, covering various aspects such as monitoring, treatment, and nursing care plans. It includes sections on pulmonary, gastrointestinal, oncological, and neurological concerns, along with infectious disease processes and allergic reactions. The information is useful for healthcare professionals involved in treating HIV/AIDS.
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Key Considerations in HIV/AIDS Management CBC Monitoring: Check for anemia as an indicator of bone marrow suppression. Lipid and Liver Function: Essential to monitor LFTs for hepatotoxicity and cardiovascular risks due to high serum lipid levels. ART Therapy Compliance:...
Key Considerations in HIV/AIDS Management CBC Monitoring: Check for anemia as an indicator of bone marrow suppression. Lipid and Liver Function: Essential to monitor LFTs for hepatotoxicity and cardiovascular risks due to high serum lipid levels. ART Therapy Compliance: Important to prevent mutation of HIV; focus on regular medication intake. AIDS Defining Illnesses Definition: AIDS is defined by CD4 count < 200 or presence of an AIDS defining illness. Pulmonary System Opportunistic Infections: Most common is Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). o Symptoms: Fever, shortness of breath, cough, chest discomfort. o Untreated PCP can lead to respiratory failure. Tuberculosis (TB): Increased prevalence due to communal living settings. o Symptoms: Coughing, night sweats, bloody sputum. Gastrointestinal System Candidiasis: Common in oral, esophageal, and stomach areas. o Causes complications with eating and swallowing. o Treatment includes antifungal medications like "swish and swallow." Cryptosporidium: Can be severe in HIV/AIDS patients. Wasting Syndrome: Involuntary weight loss, diarrhea or weakness for 30+ days. o Manage with hydration, diet adjustments (increase fiber, solid foods), and careful monitoring. Oncological Concerns Kaposi’s Sarcoma: Causes lesions leading to infection risk. o Important to protect skin. Lymphomas: Treated with chemotherapy but complicates due to immunocompromised status. Neurological Concerns Depression: Common, requires psychosocial support. HIV Encephalopathy: Destruction of neurons, cognitive decline. Cryptococcus: Fungal infection similar to meningitis; difficult to treat. o Requires weeks of IV medications. Nursing Care Plan for HIV/AIDS Daily Monitoring: Weight, intake/output, vital signs. Physical Assessment: Monitor for opportunistic infections and other symptoms. Education: Focus on safety and infection prevention. Transmission Prevention: Educate on avoiding infection spread. Infectious Disease Process Common Resistant Infections MRSA: Resistant to methicillin; requires specific isolation and treatment. VRE: Common in GI tract; requires contact isolation. CLABSI: Central line infections; need sterile procedure for dressing changes. CAUTI: Urinary tract infections; reduce catheter use and ensure cleanliness. VAP: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; oral care and specific precautions. Allergic and Inflammatory Disorders Allergic Reactions Types: Bee stings, latex, medications (Type 1); blood transfusion reactions (Type 2); autoimmune disorders (Type 3); delayed reactions (Type 4). Anaphylaxis: Life-threatening, treat with epinephrine. Rheumatic Disorders Rheumatoid Arthritis: Autoimmune disease causing joint destruction. o Treatment: NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids. o Nursing Management: Encourage physical activity and use of assistive devices. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Symptoms: Fatigue, joint swelling, butterfly rash. Treatment: Focus on symptom control, use of DMARDs and corticosteroids. Gout Cause: Hyperuricemia from purine breakdown. Treatment: Allopurinol for prevention, NSAIDs for acute attacks. Fibromyalgia Symptoms: Body-wide pain, fatigue. Management: Encourage rest, low-impact exercise, and sleep hygiene.
