Psych 103 Notes (PDF)

Psych 103 Notes (10-7-24) Topic: Memory (problems) One of the problems of brains are 1. Anterograde amnesia: can remember past memory before an event occurs, but not after the event. 2. Retrograde amnesia: can’t remember what happened before an event, but can remember after the e...

Psych 103 Notes (10-7-24) Topic: Memory (problems) One of the problems of brains are 1. Anterograde amnesia: can remember past memory before an event occurs, but not after the event. 2. Retrograde amnesia: can’t remember what happened before an event, but can remember after the event. Also, there’s Construction problem as well as reconstruction. 1. Construction: is the processing of creating new memory 2. Reconstruction: is bringing back the old memories When a memory is reconstructed, it can be altered. ◦ Suggestibility: is being influenced by what somebody said that makes you remember your old memory ◦ Misinformation: exposure to incorrect info can make someone not remember or remember false information of their past event. Forgetting: ◦ Encoding failure: not paying attention at first and then later encoding according to how you think you heard it. ◦ Interference: when you get new information then it hinders what you knew before Proactive: old information hinders recall to newly learned info. Retroactive interference: leaning new information makes you forget the old ones. 7 sins of Memory 1. Transience 2. Absentmindedness. 3. Blocking 4. Suggestibility 5. Bias 6. Misattribution 7. Persistence Psych 103 Notes 10-9-24 Topic: memory (enhancement) Chunking: is grouping item together to make them easier Rehearsal: it is making a goal to turn a memory into conscious memory so it is easier to retrieve it. Elaboration rehearsal: making connection of what you learned with what you already know so it is easier to remember what you learned easily. Mnemonic devices: memory that helps us to organize information for encoding or storing them to our brain. (E.g. acronyms, acrostics, and jingles). Acronyms: are the abbreviation formed from an initial letter Acrostics: is the first or last letter, when taken in order it then spells out a word Jingle: it is making a song to help you remember what you learned Expressive writing: boost short term memory, writing them out in a short term you can understand Speaking out loud: speaking them loud helps you retain what you learned faster. Retrieval practice: a strategy to help you learn and practice. (e.g. flashcards, quizzes, etc.) Use what you’ve learned to really enhance memory *if you don’t use it you will likely lose it* *Addition* Self- reference eGect: connecting something to myself to help me remember it faster Implicit memories are placed in cerebrum *Exam questions review* What is the disease/ Rodger- McDermott (DMR) eaect and how is memory involved? Remembering lists of related words often leads to a false memory of another word that is closely associated to it. The memory of the details is lost over time but the association are still there. Ben remembered info with no cues what type of retrieval is used? Recall What type of intelligence looks at the average commonalities among intellectual abilities? General intelligence ___conditioning is the process by which we learn to associate unrelated stimuli with involuntary behavior? Classical Kayla went over to her friend’s house after being told she could not go. As a result her mom spanks her what type of operant conditioning is this? Positive punishment If I reward my dog by letting him outside only after they ring bell twice what type of partial reinforcement schedule am I using? Fixed ratio What is an example of a secondary reinforcer? (Money, grades, applause, praise) anything that has no inherent value.