Disaster Preparedness in Buildings & Communities (PDF)

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES Disaster Preparedness in Buildings and Communities in Relation to Natural Calamities The Structural and Non-Structural Components Site and Community considerations in Disaster Preparedness TERMS | DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN...

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES Disaster Preparedness in Buildings and Communities in Relation to Natural Calamities The Structural and Non-Structural Components Site and Community considerations in Disaster Preparedness TERMS | DISASTER PREPAREDNESS IN BUILDINGS AND COMMUNITIES IN RELATION TO NATURAL CALAMITIES FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) Mission is to support the citizens and first responders to promote that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate SITE EMERGENCY RESPONSE all hazards. Is a structured, location-specific plan that outlines VULNERABILITY procedures for responding to emergencies at a Any weakness that can be exploited by an aggressor particular site, such as a building, industrial facility, or in a non-terrorist threat environment, make an asset school, or campus. It is tailored to the specific risks, susceptible to hazard damage. layout, and needs of that site to ensure an effective NATURAL CALAMITIES response to emergencies. Floods Emergency Procedures Droughts – heat wave Roles and Responsibilities Climate Change Evacuation Routes and Assembly Points Earthquakes Communication Plan VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT PREPARATION Coordinate with the building stakeholders Site and Building Plans Utilities Emergency Plans (shelter, evacuation) Interview Schedules Escorts for Building Access HOW CAN WE PREVENT AND MITIGATE DISASTERS? AS ARCHITECTS? ASSESSMENT GIS PORTFORLIO Refers to a collection of work showcasing a person’s skills, knowledge, and projects related to Geographic Information System (GIS) Hazard Maps SITE HAZMAT Vulnerability Analysis (Hazardous Materials Plan) is a specialized component Evacuation Planning of a disaster preparedness focused on the handling, Resource allocation storage, and emergency response procedures for Simulation and Scenario Planning hazardous materials at a particular location, such as an Communication and Awareness industrial facility, laboratory, or manufacturing plant. Identification of Hazardous Materials Risk Assessment Emergency Response Procedures Personal Protective Equipment Evacuation Plans Decontamination Procedures 10-MILE RADIUS Refers to a strategy that focuses on preparing for and responding to emergencies within a 10-mile (about 16 kilometers) radius from a specific point – 0ften a facility, community, or critical infrastructure Evacuation Planning Communication Strategies SITE LOCAL TRANSPORTATION NETWOKRK Resource Allocation Refers to the infrastructure and routes available for Emergency Drills transporting people, goods, and emergency resources Coordination with Local Agencies within and around a specific site, such as an industrial facility, campus, hospital, or community. Evacuation Planning Access for Emergency Responders Resource Distribution Stating Areas and Safe Zoning Traffic Control External Transportation Networks METRO CENTER IMAGERY Refers to high-resolution up-to-date aerial or satellite images of central urban area (or “metro centers”). This type of imagery is vital for planning, monitoring, and responding to disasters in densely populated regions. Real-Time Monitoring Detailed Damage Assessment Evacuation Planning SITE PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS BY USE Resource Allocation Refers to the identification and classification of key Vulnerability Analysis buildings on a site (such as a campus, industrial  complex, hospital, or corporate office park) based on Threat assessment and Risk Analysis their primary function or use. Perimeter Security Prioritization of Response Access Control and Screening Evacuation Planning Safety Equipment and Resources Stand-Off Distance Shelter and Safe Zones Structural Reinforcement Resource Allocation Surveillance and Monitoring SITE TRUCK BOMB SITE CAR BOMB Refers to the potential threat and preparedness Refers to the potential threat of a smaller vehicle-based measures associated with a large, vehicle-based explosive device, often concealed in a car, being explosive device (often hidden in a truck or van) detonated near or within a specific site. detonating near or on a specific site. Threat Assessment and Risk Analysis Stan-Off Distance Perimeter Security Vehicle Screening and Inspection Access Control and Screening Traffic Flow Management OPTIONS TO REDUCE VULNERABILITY REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121 PDRRM ACT OF 2000 An Act Strengthening the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System Providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and PHILIPPINES’ HAZARDS Management Framework, Institutionalizing the National Disaster NATURAL CALAMITIES Risk Reduction and Management Plan THE PHILIPPINE SITUATION ​ TROPICAL CYCLONES Approximately 22 tropical cyclones enter each year “the Philippines was the most disaster-prone country in the world for the past century” – Center for Research on the epidemiology of ​ FLOODING disasters (CRED) Community Based Emergency Warning System  to increase from 3.6 billion in 2011 to 6.3 billion over the next 40 ​ EARTHQUAKE years (UN DESA 2011; Pelling and Matyas 2012). Driven by the Result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s process of urbanization, the increasing demand of housing and crust that creates seismic waves establishment near urban centers has resulted to urban expansion Recorded by a SEISMOMETER to floodplains. TIDAL WAVE VS TSUNAMI DAMAGES TO PROPERTIES TIDAL WAVE According to United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction ​ Shallow water wave report, urbanization has not benefited the country the same caused by the compared to other countries due to damages of properties gravitational interaction commonly caused by recurring floods specially during rainy between the sun, moon, seasons. Philippines expects at least 20 to 30 typhoon visits every and earth. year which mostly affected the urban areas. Since many of its TSUNAMI urban centers are originally located in flat, low-lying areas, near rivers and coastlines, this is often the reason why built-up areas ​ Sea wave cased by an have high flood risk level. underwater earthquake or FLOOD MANAGEMENT landslide (triggered by an Although in year 2010, Philippines established the Republic Act earthquake) 10121 – the disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council EVACUATION PLAN (DRRMC) which covers disaster preparedness, response, Should have provisions to utilize all available open prevention and mitigation, and rehabilitation and recovery aspects, spaces nearest the building that are evaluated as the organization is more coherent in the effective delivery of SAFE from falling debris and other materials humanitarian assistance. In Europe, pre-flood vulnerability assessment includes infrastructure calculation methods to estimate damages per house or per hectare where three types of damage are considered: the house itself, the content of the house and the car while other ignore the car as part of the calculation since car can be moved within enough time before an event of flood. Identified gaps on disaster preparedness which showed weakness in planning on the local level structures and capacities. Disaster preparedness is important in flood management which requires quantification of exposed population and properties to possible damages and losses before inundation. PRE-FLOOD VULNERABILITY CAPACITY ASSESSENT APPROACH DAMPER IN TAIPEI 101 UTAH STATE CAPITOL STUDY NI MAAM MAI SA KABACAN, KAPOY NA ADD PETRONAS TOWER BURJ KHALIFA ​ LANDSLIDE ​ VOLCANO ERUPTION PRE-FLOOD VULNERABILITY CAPACITY ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR BUILDINGS LOCATED IN FLOODPLAIN AREAS A relatively low awareness of flood risks and impact is indicated on the continuously rising number of properties built in floodplain areas and high flood risk zones because of the pressing need of space accessible to urban services. EXPANSION TO FLOODPLAINS These growing spatial needs in urban areas is projected to increase in 2050 to cater the world population living in urban areas