Sociology Past Paper PDF (331)

Sample Question Paper Sociology (331) Duration – 3 Hours Max. Marks - 100 Notes: i. This Question Paper consists of 49 questions in all. ii. All questions are compulsory....

Sample Question Paper Sociology (331) Duration – 3 Hours Max. Marks - 100 Notes: i. This Question Paper consists of 49 questions in all. ii. All questions are compulsory. iii. Marks are given against each question. iv. Section A consists of Question Numbers 1 to 25, & 41 to 47, as follows :- a) Q. No. 1 to 17, & 41 to 43 - are Multiple Choice questions (MCQs) carrying 1 Marks Each (1 x 20 = 20). Select and write the most appropriate option (A, B, C or D). b) Q. No. 18 to 25 & 44 to 47 – are Other Objective type Questions. Q. No. 18, 19 & 21 carries 2 Marks (with 2 sub parts of 1 Marks Each) and Q. No. 20 carries 5 Marks (with 5 sub parts of 1 Marks Each), Q. No. 22 carries 3 Marks (with 3 sub parts of 1 Marks Each), Q. No. 23, 24 & 25 carries 4 Marks (with 4 sub parts of 1 Marks Each), as well as Q. No. 44 to 47 carries 1 Marks Each. Attempt as per instructions given therein with each such question at 18 to 25 & 44 to 47. v. Section B at numbers 26 to 49 consists of Descriptive type Questions as follows :- a) Q. No. 26 to 31, & 48 – are Very Short Answer type Questions, carries 2 Marks each (2 x 7=14), to be answered in the range of 80 to 120 words. b) Q. No. 32 to 38 - are Short Answer type Questions, carries 3 Marks each (3 x 7=21), to be answered in the range of 150 to 200 words. c) Q. No. 39 & 40 & 49 - are Long Answer type Questions, carries 5 Marks each (5 x 3=15), to be answered in the range of 400 to 500 words. Answer all Multiple Choice Questions. 1 Which among these is the attributes of society? 1 (a) Likeness and differentiation (b) Inter-dependence (c) Co-operation and conflict (d) All of them 2 Which of the following is the endogenous factor of social change? 1 (a) Changes in Population (b) Changes in the consumption pattern (c) Changes due to interaction and conflict between young and old (d) Changes in voting pattern Page 1 of 20 3 Choose the kind of factor which best describes the statement ―Population 1 increases with improved medical facilities and sanitary conditions". (a) Cultural (b) Demographic (c) Technological (d) Economic 4 Which of the following characteristics mostly match to village life? 1 (a) individualism (b) urban oriented (c) group feeling and mutual cooperation (d) techno-centric attitude 5 Which of the following is an element of difference between community & 1 society? (a) a group of people (b) likeness of interest (c) definite locality (d) sentiment of oneness 6 Which of the following is not a kinship behavior? 1 (a) Friendship (b) Joking Relationship (c) Teknonymy (d) avanculate 7 Which are the examples of educational corruption? 1 (a) Black marketing (b) Looting public money with the trader (c) bribing examiners (d) Food adulteration 8 Which are the factors taken into account to measure human poverty? 1 (a) Longevity (b) Knowledge (c) Decent Standard of living (d) All of these Page 2 of 20 9 What are the essential condition a caste must adhere to in order to benefit from 1 'Sanskritization' ? (a) it should have a touchable status (b) it should have better economic condition (c) it should make a claim to membership into a high caste by propagating some story or myth. (d) All of the above. 10 Which of the following features distinguishes urban life from the rural life? 1 (a) Anonymity (b) friendship (c) personal contacts (d) family relationships 11 Illiteracy is a curse for modern society because - 1 (a) It leads to ignorance (b) superstition (c) deprivation (d) All of these 12 Which of the following is not a feature of 'Westernization'? 1 (a) Rational outlook (b) avoiding use of modern communication process & mass media (c) Interest in material progress (d) High social mobility 13 Scheduled Tribes live in - ? 1 (a) Hilly and forested areas (b) Urban areas (c) Rural areas (d) Villages 14 Identify the suitable means by which 'Democratic Decentralization' has 1 empowered the so called 'lower castes'? (a) through reservation in educational institutions (b) through empowerment by managing local self governance at village level as a result of reservation in panchayati raj (c) through business opportunities (d) through Reservation in Employment Page 3 of 20 15 Which were the economic activities of tribals - 1 (a) Hunting and gathering (b) Agriculture (c) Industrial activity (d) small scale industry 16 "The relationship between Jajmans and Kamins used to be permanent i.e. after 1 the death of the Jajman his son used to be the Jajman, and the same principle applied to the Kamins." In context of the caste and economy, identify which of the following lead to the eroding of this system ? (a) Moving away from the traditional occupation due to hardships in the role of Kamins. (b) Changing nature of interrealtionships of castes, due to various practices such as inter-caste and inter-religious marriages amongst many other factors (c) Introduction of Market Economy provided opportunities of employment outside the traditional occupations. (d) All of the Above 17 What distinguishes Institution from Association? 1 (a) Institution represents the rules or procedures and association refers to the human component (b) Association represents rules or procedures and Institution refers to human component (c) Both a and b are true (d) Institution is made for specific purpose but Association does not have purpose 18 1x2=2 (i) An example of kinship terms used for daughter‘s husband _________ 1 (Elementary/ Derivative/ Descriptive/ None of these) (ii) (Patrilineal/ Matrilineal/ Unilateral/ Bilateral) _________descent gives equal 1 importance to kins of both father‘s and mother‘s side. 19 1x2=2 (i) Tribal Societies are known as ___________ (Complex/Simple/Industrial/ Rural) 1 societies. (ii) Today mostly tribal problems are consequences of __________ (Cultural/ 1 Political/ Social/ Economic) Contact with outsiders. Page 4 of 20 20 1x5=5 (i) Institution considered as nursery of human nature - 1 (ii) The type of Family in which the newly wedded couple live with the husband‘s 1 maternal uncle is known as - (iii) A special relationship obtaining among some peoples between a niece and her 1 paternal aunt is called - (iv) Kinship behaviour in which two kinsmen do not address each other directly is 1 called - (v) Term which describes a person‘s bilateral set of relatives who may be invited to 1 weddings, funerals or other ceremonial occasions is – 1x2=2 21 State True/False (i) Cyclical Theory describe that Satyayug will start after Kaliyug is over? 1 (ii) Functional Theory denote that - "Each new stage of development is more 1 advanced than the one before". 22 State True/False 1x3=3 (i) A geographical area having the basic conditions of a common life is known as 1 Community. (ii) Groups are also called by some Sociologists as Social bricks. 1 (iii) Where members possess prejudices and superiority – inferiority complexes 1 towards Several other groups is referred to as Chance group. 23 Answer the following Assertion Reasoning Questions 1x4=4 (i) Based on following identify the correct option- 1 Assertion (A): Mass media has accelerated the process of change by spreading the elements of individual cultures to people far away and thus resulted in a form of cultural modernisation. Reason (R): Diffusion is when One Society adapts the cultural traits of another through prolonged contact. (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (c) Both (A) and (R) are true. (d) Both (A) and (R) are false. Page 5 of 20 (ii) Based on following identify the correct option- 1 Assertion (A): Societies where the non-material aspects of culture guide material changes towards peace and social harmony are not likely to see more progress than others. Reason (R): When non-material culture does not adjust itself readily to the material changes, it results in a lag between the two, this is called "Cultural Lag". (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (c) Both (A) and (R) are true. (d) Both (A) and (R) are false. (iii) Based on following identify the correct option- 1 Assertion (A): Social Stability is achieved by continuous conflict between 'thesis' and 'antithesis', resolving into a 'synthesis' of a wholly new social structure containing elements from both. Reason (R): Conflict Theory of Social Change - sees unequal distribution of power and authority as the fundamental source of conflict. (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (c) Both (A) and (R) are true. (d) Both (A) and (R) are false. (iv) Based on following identify the correct option- 1 Assertion (A): Patterns of social change are like rhythms of nature, such as day & night, which has a pre-determined life cycle. Reason (R): Rapid changes on a closer look are found to be a repeating set of activities that do not form a cyclic pattern. (a) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (b) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (c) Both (A) and (R) are true. (d) Both (A) and (R) are false. Page 6 of 20 24 Match the Columns (1 Marks Each) 1x4=4 Column B Column A (i) Mating Relationship, Common Habitation, Reckoning of Descent, (a) Family of Orientation Economic System (b) Family of Procreation 1 (ii) Socialization of Children is (c) Types of Family based on Authority 1 (iii) Wife, Husband, Son, & Daughter (d) General Characteristics of Family 1 (iv) Patrilocal, Matrilocal, & Neolocal (e) Types of Family based on Residence 1 (f) One of the functions of Family 25 Read the passages carefully and then answer the question which follows. 1x4=4 (1 Marks Each) Religious diversity is a feature of Indian social structure and it plays an important role in politics. The adoption of secularism incorporating the maxims ‗Equality of all religions‘ and ‗Absence of a State religion‘ testifies to this reality of Indian politics. The presence of religious communalism too reflects the harmful side of religious diversity. It is indeed quite perplexing to find that no Indian religion advocates violence and exclusiveness, yet in the name of various religions violence often erupts in different parts of India. We regularly face the loss of human life and precious resources because of aggressive and biotic clashes between the forces of Hindu Communalism, Muslim Communalism and Christian Communalism. The spirit of secularism and the process of secularisation of political culture are yet to secure a sizeable hold in the polity. Religious tolerance is preached by all yet it is not effectively practiced and cultivated. As such religious factor continues to act as a hindering and harmful factor in the harmonious process of socio-political development. In sociology, the word religion is used in a wider sense than that used in religious books. It defines religion as those institutionalised systems of beliefs, symbols, values and practices that provide groups of men with solutions to their questions of ultimate being. A common characteristic found among all religion is that they represent a complex of emotional feelings and attitudes toward mysteries and perplexities of life. As such religion comprises first, systems of attitudes, beliefs, symbols which are based on the assumption that certain kinds of social relations are sacred or morally imperative and second, a structure of activities governed or influenced by these system. According to Radin, it consists of two parts—physiological and psychological. The physiological part expresses itself in such acts as kneeling, closing the eyes, touching the feet. The psychological part consists of supernormal sensitivity to certain beliefs and traditions. While belief in supernatural powers may be considered basic to all religions, equally fundamental is the presence of a deeply emotional feeling which Golden Weber called the ―religious thrill‖. Page 7 of 20  There are numerous definitions of religion given by thinkers according to their own conceptions. As a matter of fact the forms in which religion express itself so much that it is difficult to agree upon a definition. Some maintain that religion includes a belief in supernatural or mysterious powers and that is expressing itself in overt activities designed to deal with those powers. Some regard religion as belief in the immortality of soul. While it is possible to define as belief in God or some supernatural powers, it is well to remember that there can also be a Godless religion as Buddhism is. The Buddhism rejects belief in the immortality of the soul and the life hereafter. (i) What reflects the harmful side of religious diversity? 1 (ii) What is hindering the harmonious process of socio-political development? How 1 could it be achieved? (iii) In Sociology, how the 'religion' is defined? 1 (iv) Explain how 'Buddhism' is different from any other religion? 1 Answer the following questions in around 100 words 26 Describe the usefulness of historical methods in Sociological research? 2 27 (A) Distinguish between Exogamy and Endogamy. 2 OR 27 (B) Explain how social stratification is not found universally although some form of 2 inequality is prevalent in all societies? 28 Distinguish between ascribed status and achieved status. 2 29 Explain how do Women are subjected to exploitation due to various socio- 2 cultural practices? 30 Highlight the role of Neighbourhood as an agent of social control. 2 31 (A) Explain different causes of corruption that you see in present times. 2 OR 31 (B) Name any five socio-economic problems related to population explosion. 2 Answer the following questions in around 200 words 32 (A) Describe how Sociology as a subject is different from history? 3 OR 32 (B) A social group is a dynamic entity. Elaborate. 3 33 Discuss case study as a method of data collection. 3 34 Make a distinction between the concept of ‗Caste‘ and ‗Class.‘ 3 35 (A) What arguments would you choose to clarify that Socialization plays an 3 important role in Personality Development of an Individual? OR 35 (B) Distinguish between formal and informal means of Social Control? 3 36 (A) How would you validate that Mores is one of the important means of social 3 control in present times? Page 8 of 20  OR 36 (B) Define Religion, and explain its role as a means of social control? 3 37 Do you think that tribal people still face problems related to agriculture even 3 after implementation of numerous measures by the government of India‘? Justify your answer 38 (A) The institution of marriage has undergone changes in many ways. Explain the 3 statement with examples from contemporary society. OR 38 (B) Compare concepts of Social Stratification as proposed by Karl Marx & Max 3 Weber? Answer the following questions in around 500 words 39 (A) Discuss how the Population explosion has created numerous socio-economic 5 problems? OR 39 (B) Compare class and caste as two forms of social stratification. 5 40 (A) Describe why Indebtedness persists among OBCs? 5 OR 40 (B) Who are Scheduled Castes? Name any five problems related to their poverty? 5 Optional Module -I - Status of Women 7+7 41 Early Vedic or the Rig Vedic period is identified as - 1 (a) 1500—1800 B.C. (b) 1500—1000 B.C. (c) 1000—800 B. C. (d) 1800—1500 B.C. 42 One of the central differences between Jainism and Buddhism is - 1 (a) Jainism did not recognize the existence of Gods but Buddhism did recognize (b) Jainism recognised the existence of Gods but Buddhism did not (c) Jainism recognize the existence of Gods but it placed them lower than the Mahavira (Jina) but Buddhism did not recognize the existence of Gods. (d) Buddhism just questioned the existence of Gods but Jainism did recognize and place them above everything. 43 Which Act fixed the minimum age at marriage for girls as 14 years and for boys 1 as 18 years - (a) Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Act, 1976 (b) Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 (c) Child Marriage Restraint Act 1950 (d) None of the above Page 9 of 20 44 As per the Census 2001, _______________ is the only state in India where the 1 number of women is more than men. (Fill in the blanks) 45 The Rig Vedic Aryans were_____________ (Patriarchal/ Matriarchal/ 1 Matrilineal/ Matrifocal) (Fill in the blanks) 46 Verses composed by (elder) Women Nuns are refers to as - (Define in One 1 Word) 47 The first school for Dalit girls in Maharashtra was started by Jyoti Ba Phule. 1 (True/False) 48 (A) What statement would you like to write which highlights that gender equality is 2 achieved in society? OR 48 (B) Explain how 'Feminism' rejects the notion that 'biological differences between 2 men and women should form the basis for treating them differently'? 49 (A) ‗Even after seven decades of independence, Gender discrimination is still found 5 in political institutions.' Explain the statement with suitable arguments. OR 49 (B) What is Gender Equality? How can it be achieved in the family, explain with 5 suitable examples? Optional Module -II – Culture 7+7 41 Which of the following activities will you choose if you are asked to identify as 1 an example of Indian culture? (a) Shaking hands (b) Hugging (c) Kissing (d) Respect to elders by touching feet 42 Based on following identify the correct option- 1 Assertion (A): Culture is a learned behaviour and not genetically inherited nor is it an instinctive behaviour. Reason (R): It is acquired by human beings from the society in which they are brought up. (a) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (b) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (c) Both (A) and (R) are true. (d) Both (A) and (R) are false. Page 10 of 20 43 Indicate the concept of culture which matches to the example ―the way in which 1 we greet varies from culture to culture and place to place‖. (a) Culture is space bound (b) Culture is time bound (c) Material culture (d) Non-material culture (d) Enculturation 44 Restrictions or prohibitions which are not permitted by the society are known as 1 _____________. (Fill in the blanks) 45 An Example of nonmaterial culture is _____________ (Dress/ Ornaments/ 1 Beliefs/ Automobiles)(Fill in the blanks) 46 Process which facilitates learning about one‘s own culture in order to become a 1 member of one‘s society is called - (Define in One Word) 47 Culture is not considered as a learning behaviour. (True/False) 1 48 (A) What facts would you choose to highlight that ‗Dance and Music has always 2 been popular in Indian culture, patronized by kings and nobles? OR 48 (B) Discuss any two aspects of our culture to know the Indian Cultural Heritage? 2 49 (A) Clarify how Ancient India was as rich in the domain of sculpture and 5 architecture as in the field of art and culture with suitable examples? OR 49 (B) Write about contributions of Ancient Indian Scientists? 5 Page 11 of 20  Marking Scheme Q. No. Distribution Total Expected Value points for each step of Marks Marks MCQs 17 17 1 d 1 1 2 c 1 1 3 c 1 1 4 c 1 1 5 c 1 1 6 a 1 1 7 c 1 1 8 d 1 1 9 d 1 1 10 a 1 1 11 d 1 1 12 b 1 1 13 a 1 1 14 b 1 1 15 a 1 1 16 d 1 1 17 a 1 1 Other Objective Types (Fill in the Blanks) 18 1x2=2 2 (i) Descriptive 1 1 (ii) Bilateral 1 1 19 1x2=2 2 (i) Simple 1 1 (ii) Cultural 1 1 (Define in One Word) 20 1x5=5 5 (i) Family 1 1 (ii) Avunculocal Family 1 1 Page 12 of 20 (iii) Amitate Kinship 1 1 (iv) Teknonymy 1 1 (v) Kindred 1 1 (True/False) 21 1x2=2 2 (i) TRUE 1 1 (ii) False, (Evolutionary Theory) 1 1 22 1x3=3 3 (i) TRUE 1 1 (ii) TRUE 1 1 (iii) False, (Ethno-centrism) 1 1 (Assertion Reasoning) 23 1x4=4 4 (i) c 1 1 (ii) b 1 1 (iii) b 1 1 (iv) b 1 1 Match the columns A & B 24 Any four 1x4=4 4 (i) - (d) 1 1 (ii) - (f) 1 1 (iii) - (b) 1 1 (iv) - (e) 1 1 (Passage) 25 1x4=4 4 (i) Religious communalism 1 1 (ii) Religious factors such as intolerance. 1 1 it could be achieved by secularization of political culture. (iii) those institutionalized systems of beliefs, symbols, values and 1 1 practices that provide groups of men with solutions to their questions of ultimate being. (iv) Some regard religion as belief in the immortality of soul. While 1 1 it is possible to define as belief in God or some supernatural powers, it is well to remember that there can also be a Godless religion as Buddhism is. The Buddhism rejects belief in the immortality of the soul and the life hereafter. 26 Usefulness of historical method 1x2 2 - This method engages in the evaluation of sources of Page 13 of 20  information about the past and the analysis of authentic sources for detailed data about the period being studied. - It involves the study of origins, development and transformation of social institutions. 27 (A) Distinction between Exogamy and Endogamy. 1x2 2 - Exogamy- it is a custom which requires an individual to marry marrying outside a specific group of which he is a member such as Kinship group, a family - Endogamy is a marriage within one‘s own social group. The social group maybe one‘s own tribe or caste or religious groups. OR 27 (B) Differences of Power, wealth, and prestige at individual levels 1x2 2 not at group level, in all societies, indicates universality of inequality, but not of stratification. 28 Ascribed status is given to an individual because of the facts 1+1 2 related to his/her birth. Achieved status is the status that an individual achieves in society (Any other) 29 Role of Neighbourhood in Social Control 1x2 2 Neighbourhood ensures uniformity and conformity and corrects deviant behaviour. By being an enthusiastic participant of many of the everyday activities, neighbourhood fulfils its role as a medium of social control. (Any two points) 30 Kinds of Women‘s Exploitation due to various socio-cultural 1x2 2 practices - They are exploited in inheritance, possession of property, disposal of property, ornaments, and mode of payment. - They cannot sell the property of husband (Any other) 31 (A) Causes of Corruption 1x2 2 - To make illegal things legal on the basis of bribe or commission. - To acquire more and more wealth and consumer goods. - High aspirations from jobs - To enhance status in the society. - To pay dowry - To meet expenditure on education of children (Any two reasons) OR 31 (B) Lack of Shelter, 1x2 2 Landlessness, Poverty, Illiteracy, Low Standard of Living, Unemployment, Malnutrition, under nourishment, ill health, insufficient infrastructure, Over growing migration, and Page 14 of 20  Crimes (any Five) 32 (A) - Sociology concerned with contemporary societies. History 1x3 3 concerned with specific societies. - Historians rarely generalizes about human society, sociologist generalizes. - Historians concerned with past, sociology concerned with present day. - Sociology is comparative, observational and generalizing science. History bases on an analysis of documents. (Any three) OR 32 (B) Social groups refer to basic units where human live. 1x3 3 Groups are units of Society, having all characteristics of Society. Every human being is a member of one or more than one group like Family, Peer group. Group is an organised aggregate of Individual. Each group has a sense of ―live feeling‖ Sociologists have identified many types of groups. 33 - Case study is a method of studying social phenomenon through 1x3 3 the analysis of an individual case. - All data relevant to the case are gathered and organized in terms of the case. - It gives a unitary character data being studied by inter-relating a variety of facts to a single case. 34 - A class is defined in economic terms 1½ x 2 3 - Caste is based on religion unlike class. - A class is achieved - Caste which is ascribed by birth. 35 (A) Importance of Socialization in Personality Development of an 1x3 3 Individual - The process of socialization helps the child to internalize the affection, emotions, values and sentiments through his interaction with parents and siblings. - In the process, the child learns to perform different roles and occupy a corresponding status and a set of rights and duties. - The number and nature of roles increases when the individual interacts with peer group and teachers in school and he then slowly identifies himself with the community and society at large. - The elements of socialization regulate the behaviour of the child in consonance with approved norms and values. (Any Three) OR 35 (B) Social control is specific to the group or the society in which it is ½ x 6= 3 3 exercised; besides family informal social control is also exercised by other social institutions such as neighborhood, kin Page 15 of 20  group, clan and village, etc. Informal means includes:- a) Folkways – are customary norms to which individuals conforms b) Mores – refers to moral conduct as distinct from the customary practice of folkways c) Customs - long established practices of people, which occur spontaneously but gradually d) Religion – united system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things Whereas, Formal means includes the following:- a) Law– ideal behavioral norms, or rules binding in nature promulgated by state b) Education – institutions which imparts knowledge, ethics, ideas of democracy, secularism, equality and national goals, etc. preparing the child for social living c) State - an association designed primarily to maintain order and security, exercising universal jurisdiction within territorial boundaries by means of law backed by force and recognized as having sovereign authority. (any three in each) 36 (A) Mores is one of the important means of social control in present 1x3=3 3 times - Mores refer to moral conduct - They influence the value system of a society. - These are social regulations which aim to maintain social order. - It regulates the relationship between individuals in defined situations. - Since mores are consciously designed, violations of these amount to penalties. (Any three) OR 36 (B) Religion is defined by Emile Durkheim as a united system of 1x3 3 beliefs and practices related to sacred things. It yields in social control by following means - Concepts of sin and virtue - Religious conventions and practices determining marriages, mutual relations between family members, property relations, rules of successions and inheritance, etc. - Regulation of behavior of individuals by religious leaders - Community activities such as prayers, celebrating religious celebrations and festivals (any three) 37 Tribal problem related to agriculture 1x3 3 - There is no assured means of irrigation. - Agriculture does not provide them employment round the year. - Does not provide sufficient food round the year. Agricultural crops are sometimes destroyed by wild animals. 38 (A) Changes in the institution of marriage 1x3 3 - Polygamy to monogamy - Acceptance of inter caste marriages - Process of selection of spouse undergoing change. Page 16 of 20  - Widow remarriage permitted - Dowry Prohibition Act prohibits dowry - Age of marriage and other changes, according to Hindu Marriage Act. (Any 3 point) OR 38 (B) Comparison between concepts of Social Stratification 1x3 3 Karl Marx - Class two mutually opposed or contrary social groups based on ownership of means of Production - Ruling class v/s Service Class – ownership of means of production yields economic & political power - Political Power – maintains the social status by control over ideology - Class conflict – would ultimately lead towards a communist society Max Weber - Besides Class, Status & Power are two other forms of stratification - Capitalist societies with market economy, market takes control over the means of production - Chances of survival of an individual i.e. life chances depend upon the market situations - Economic & Political Power may not go hand in hand in modern societies (Any Three each) 39 (A) Socio-Economic problems of population explosion: 1x5 5 1. Poverty 2. Lack of shelter 3. Landlessness 4. Illiteracy 5. Unemployment 6. Under nourishment (Any 5 point) OR 39 (B) o A class is defined in economic terms whereas a caste is 1x5 5 understood as a hereditary unit. o An individual can change his class position. Whereas the position of an individual in caste is fixed. o caste is a closed system whereas class is open caste system. o castes derives its legitimacy from religion which is not the case with class. o Caste is based on the notions of purity and pollution. 40 (A) Problem of Indebtedness among OBCs? 1x5 5 - Majority of the OBCs are poor. - They are not in a position to meet their various needs such as marriage of daughter, death ritual and community feast from their income. - They have to take heavy interest on loan from the land owners, Page 17 of 20  or money lenders OR 40 (B) "Scheduled Castes are those castes which are placed at the 1x5 5 bottom in the traditional caste system... Five problems:- (i) Problems arising out of Untouchability - no physical contact, ban on use of common wells and tanks, prohibition of entering temples, restrictions on use of sevices of other occupational castes, non-acceptance of cooked food, etc. (ii) Problems arising out of Poverty - Material Deprivation, Landlessness, Educational Backwardness, Indebtness & Bonded Labour, Health & Nutrition, Atrocities, etc." Optional Module - I - Status of Women 41 b 1 1 42 c 1 1 43 b 1 1 44 Kerala 1 1 45 Patriarchal 1 1 46 Therigatha 1 1 47 TRUE 1 1 48 (A) Gender equality is achieved when women live with dignity and 2 2 exercise freedom of choice to control their lives both within and outside household. (As a Whole) OR 48 (B) Feminists trace the roots of gender descrimintion in the social 2 2 inequality, disarding the classification of women's role as reproductive and that of men's as productive, and by dentifying and promoting the representation of women in non-traditional jobs. (any two) 49 (A) Politics is still considered as unsuitable for women because it is 1x5 5 perceived that they have no experience of handling power -Men are not prepared to accept the idea of sharing power with women -Women still continue to be considered unfit for important political positions -Women‘s reservation bill in political institution is still pending for approval. -Lack of Awareness about rules and regulation (Any five points) OR 49 (B) Gender Equality refers to a situation or condition in which men 1x5 5 and women receive equal treatment in all social institutions. It could be achieved in the family by means of - Removal of all forms of inequality between men and women - Having freedom to exercise the choices ―to do‖ or ―not to do‖ Page 18 of 20  certain jobs - Mutual respect i.e. neither women feel inferior, nor men superior - Dual parenting i.e. both parents should take equal responsibility for child rearing (Any five points) Optional Module - II - Indian Culture 41 d 1 1 42 c 1 1 43 a 1 1 44 Taboo 1 1 45 Beliefs 1 1 46 Enculturation 1 1 47 FALSE 1 1 48 (A) Mohd Shah patronized music in the first quarter of 18th century. 1x2 2 Raja Tulaji of Tanjore was himself a well-versed musician and patronized music. He has written a book ‗Sangeet Saramrit‘. OR 48 (B) Brief explantion of any two 1x2 2 (i) heritage literature (the Vedas etc.) (ii) Dance & Music (iii) Art & Paintings (iv) Architecture (v) Sculptures" 49 (A) Sculpture and Architecture in India 1x5 5 Rich in sculpture and architecture. For e.g., Vishnu temple, Sun temple, Khajuraho etc. Mughal architecture reveals blending of Persian and Indian style. Influence of western style for e.g., Jain temple etc. Temples of Orissa-finest among them is Lingraj temple. Distinct schools emerge in Indian architecture. (Any five points) OR 49 (B) Contributions of Ancient Indian Scientists 1x5 5 · Virdha Garga, Lagdha Aryabhatta – authored Aryabhattiya, Surya-Siddhanta; enunciated earth is round, revolves around the sun, movement of stars, causes of eclipses, etc. · Baudhayana – the Mathematician, authored Sulbha Sutras, Shraut Sutras; formulated rules for constructing squares equal in area to oblongs, and vice-versa, as well as methods for making triangles equals to squares and oblongs, and circles equal to squares · Varahmihir – authored Brihatsamhita, deals with astronomy mainly, still considers as authority, also covers botany and geography Page 19 of 20 · Vriddha – Vagbhatta, Charak, Dhanvantari – Physicians, enriched ancient systems of medicine, enriched Ayurveda · Brahmagupta – Mathematician, discovery of use of zero, profounder of the decimal system (Any five points) Page 20 of 20