DNA Lecture 1 Review Questions PDF
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Faculty of Agriculture - Biotechnology Department
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Summary
This document contains a review of DNA concepts, including the structure of nucleotides and the structure of DNA. It covers the four classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; and defines monomers and polymers, contrasting DNA and RNA.
Full Transcript
**Slide 36: Review Questions** 1. **Name the four classes of biomolecules. Give an example of each.** - **Carbohydrates**: Example - Glucose - **Proteins**: Example - Hemoglobin - **Lipids**: Example - Phospholipids - **Nucleic Acids**: Example - DNA 2. **Explain why offspring look...
**Slide 36: Review Questions** 1. **Name the four classes of biomolecules. Give an example of each.** - **Carbohydrates**: Example - Glucose - **Proteins**: Example - Hemoglobin - **Lipids**: Example - Phospholipids - **Nucleic Acids**: Example - DNA 2. **Explain why offspring look like parents.** - Offspring resemble their parents due to the inheritance of genetic material (DNA) from both parents, which contains the instructions for development, traits, and characteristics. 3. **Define nucleotide.** - A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of three components: a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA), and a phosphate group. 4. **Define monomer and polymer.** - A **monomer** is a single, small molecule that can join together with other similar molecules to form a larger structure, known as a **polymer**. For example, nucleotides are monomers that link together to form nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. 5. **What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?** - The three components of a nucleotide are: 1. A nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine in DNA; uracil replaces thymine in RNA) 2. A five-carbon sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA) 3. A phosphate group 6. **What is one difference between DNA and RNA?** - One key difference is that DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose. 7. **What type of reaction occurs to allow monomers of nucleotides to form polymers? Draw out an example.** - A **condensation reaction** (or dehydration synthesis) occurs, where water is released as nucleotides bond together to form a polymer. Example: ``` Nucleotide 1 + Nucleotide 2 → Dinucleotide + H2O ``` 8. **What shape does DNA take in your cells?** - DNA takes the shape of a double helix in cells, which consists of two strands that wind around each other. --- **Slide 37: More Review Questions** 1. **Name the Purines.** - The purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G). 2. **Name the Pyrimidines.** - The pyrimidines are cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) (uracil is found in RNA). 3. **What base pairs with Cytosine?** - Guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). 4. **What base pairs with Thymine?** - Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) in DNA.
