DNA and Cell Cycle Learning Map_KEY PDF

# Unit 5: DNA & Cell Cycle Learning Map ## Learning Target 1. I can identify the structure of DNA. 2. I can identify the parts of a nucleotide. 3. I can select complementary nitrogenous base when given a template strand of DNA. 4. I can use models to describe the basic steps of DNA replication and...

# Unit 5: DNA & Cell Cycle Learning Map ## Learning Target 1. I can identify the structure of DNA. 2. I can identify the parts of a nucleotide. 3. I can select complementary nitrogenous base when given a template strand of DNA. 4. I can use models to describe the basic steps of DNA replication and how enzymes aid in the process. 5. I can explain why the cell cycle is important to growth and repair of an organism. 6. I can use models of the cell cycle and explain the steps of the process. 7. I can relate and describe how disruptions in the cell cycle can lead to disease such as cancer. | Understanding Level | Description | |---|---| | I do not understand anything. | | | Understand some of this topic | | | Understand most of this topic. | | | I am confident in everything and can teach someone. | | ## My Progress Of The Learning Outcomes For This Unit ### Assessment and Learning Outcomes | Practice Questions on Learning Map | My Percent Correct % | |---|---| | LT 1, 2, & 3 | | | LT 4 | | | LT 5 & 6 | | | LT 7 | | ### Formative Assessments ### Summative Assessments ## Unit 4: Cellular Transport Summative Assessment Date: ## My Path To The Treasure ## Target 1, 2, and 3: 1. Label the DNA strand using the terms: hydrogen bond, phosphate, nitrogenous base, phosphate-sugar backbone, nitrogen base pair. **Words To Know** | Word | How I can remember It | |---|---| | Deoxyribose | | | Double Helix | | | Nucleotide | | | Complementary Base | | 2. Look at the DNA strand you labeled. How many TOTAL nucleotides are found within this DNA? 8 3. DNA is a long molecule made of repeating subunits. What is the name of those repeating subunits? nucleotide 4. If you were looking at a nucleotide, describe how you would identify each of the following parts of the nucleotide: * Sugar - * Phosphate group - * Nitrogen Base - 5. Complete the DNA complement. ``` 5' AGTTAG 3' 3' TCAATC 5' ``` ## Practice Question Target 1, 2, and 3 | Question | Explanation Why I Chose the Answer | |---|---| | 1. Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box. Components of Nucleic Acids 1. Phosphate 5. Thymine 2. Ribose sugar 6. Adenine 3. Deoxyribose sugar 7. Guanine 4. Uracil 8. Cytosine Which components bonds with Thymine in a section of double-stranded DNA? A. 1, 3, and 6 only B. 3 and 6 only C. 1 and 6 only D. 1, 3, and 8 only | I choose B because TA | | 2. Use the image to answer question 2 and 3. The symbols shown illustrate components of nucleic acids. S P A T G C U (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Which three number combinations could represent a single nucleotide? AKIRAD | I choose 1,2,3 because Nucleotide is sugar, Phosphate, and nitrogen base | | 3. When replication occurs, a double-stranded molecule of DNA separates between A. 1 and 4 B. 2 and 3 C. 3 and 7 D. 5 and 6 | I choose D because Nitrogen bases | | 4. During DNA replication, an abnormal Thymine molecule (T*) binds to guanine (G). Why would this thymine be considered abnormal? GGTCA CCGGT A. Thymine normally binds to adenine and not guanine. B. Thymine normally is only found at the start of the DNA not in the middle. C. Thymine is not normally found in a DNA molecule. D. Thymine normally bonds to phosphate and not guanine. | I choose A because Thymine binds to Adenine not guanine | | 5. Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication? A. 5' AGTCUT 3' 3' TCUGTA 5' B. 5' AGTCAT 3' 3' CTGACG 5' C. 5' AGTCAT 3' 3' TCAGTA 5' D. 5' AGTCAT 3' 3' UCAGUA 5' | I choose C because A -T C - G | ## Target 4 The model shows DNA synthesis. * 1. Explain how you can identify the model is showing the process of DNA synthesis. It shows two double helixes (DNA) being formed. * 2. In the boxes, write the letter of the step of DNA synthesis. * 3. Describe why the process is important. * **Why DNA synthesis is important** * Makes copy of DNA to make sure each new cell has a copy of DNA * **Steps of DNA Synthesis** * A. An enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases. * B. An enzyme attaches new nucleotides to the DNA template. * C. An identical strand of DNA is created. ## Practice Question Target 4 | Question | Explanation Why I Chose the Answer | |---|---| | 1. The diagram below represents a process that occurs in the nucleus of a cell. Which of the following statements describes what is happening in this process? A. Molecules of RNA are forming chromosomes. B. A molecule of mRNA is directing the production of tRNA. C. Molecules of DNA are being packaged for export to the ribosomes. D. A molecule of DNA is being replicated to make two identical copies. | I choose D because two DNA formed | | 2. A student is creating a model of DNA replication using the following key. Model Item DNA part Model Item DNA part Red licorice Sugar Pink hard candy Thymine Black licorice Phosphate Orange hard candy Cytosine Green hard candy Guanine Yellow hard candy Adenine Where should the student place the model enzyme, helicase, to show the breaking of the hydrogen bonds during DNA replication? A. Between a red licorice and black licorice B. Between red licorice and orange hard candy C. Between an orange hard candy and green hard candy D. Between black licorice and green hard candy | I choose C because Orange - Green C - G | ## Target 5 & 6 1. What is the importance of the cell cycle? * make identical cells 2. In the cell cycle diagram to the right, label which section shows mitosis and interphase. * Interphase * Mitosis 3. Describe the importance of the S phase in the cell cycle. * Replicates DNA 4. In the diagram draw a star in the phase where the genetic material is doubled. Was that phase part of interphase or mitosis? * (S phase) * Interphase 5. Interphase is separated into 3 phases. What are the three phases of interphase in order? * G1, S, G2 6. Describe the following: * a. How many cells are created after mitosis? 2 * b. Describe how the daughter cells created after the cell cycle compare to the parent cell. Identical * c. What type of cells are made through Mitosis? (Somatic or Gametes). Somatic * Give 3 examples of the cell types that are made. Liver, Nerve, Muscle 7. Complete the table by checking the correct column for each statement. | Statement | Interphase | M-Phase | Cytokinesis | |---|---|---|---| | Cell growth occurs | ✓ | | | | Nuclear division occurs | | ✓ | | | DNA synthesis occurs | ✓ | | | | Cytoplasm divides | | | ✓ | | Cell spends most time here | ✓ | | | | G1, S, G2 | ✓ | | | | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | | ✓ | | ## Practice Question Target 5 & 6 | Question | Explanation Why I Chose the Answer | |---|---| | 1. The Yellow Fever Mosquito can be found in tropical regions around the world. It can carry and transmit the virus that causes yellow fever. This mosquito has only 6 chromosomes. Which image correctly shows a mosquito cell that underwent mitosis? A 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 12 B. 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 6 6 C. 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 12 6 6 6 6 12 12 12 12 6 6 D. 6 6 12 6 6 6 6 12 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 12 | I choose A because 2 cells w/ same DNA | | 2. A human baby and adult are pictured. Which of the following processes enables the baby to become an adult? A. development of new genes B. genetic changes C. production of sex cells D repeated cell divisions | I choose D because Cell division is how we grow | | 3. Scientist determined the total mass of DNA from a sample of animal cells. The masses of equal numbers of cells were taken during three different stages of the cell cycle. Stage I contains cells massed during G1 of the cell cycle. Which statement describes the cell in stage II? Mass of DNA (pg) 3 N 0 Mass of DNA During the Cell Cycle GI 111 Stages A. The cell has completed mitosis and cytokinesis without replicating its DNA. B. The cell has entered cytokinesis and fully split the cytoplasm to create 2 identical cells. C. The cell has temporarily exited the cell cycle without replicating their DNA. D. The cell is past the S phase because the cell replicated its DNA but has not completed mitosis and cytokinesis. | I choose D because S phase doubles DNA but end of mitosis/cytokinesis would mean the DNA is back at original number so it has not completed it yet. | | 4. The diagram below shows the cell cycle. Which of the following activities occurs in the phase immediately after the G1 phase? GI A. growth of the cell B. replication of the DNA C. formation of the mitotic spindle D. breakdown of the nuclear membrane G2 M S | I choose B because S phase | **Target 7** * 1. Describe what caused the cancer cells to appear in a greater number than the normal cells. * uncontrolled cell division * 2. What would the clump of abnormal cancer cells be called? * tumor **Practice Question Target 7** | Question | Explanation Why I Chose the Answer | |---|---| | 1. A scientist is trying to discover a new treatment to stop cancer cells from dividing. In the cancer cells, which of these processes will stop if the treatment is successful? A. Amitosis B. chemosynthesis C. binary fission D. genetic recombination | I choose A because mitosis = cell division cancer is uncontrolled cell division | | 2. The diagram below shows the growth pattern of some skin cells in the human body after they have been exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Skin Cells 000000 Lymph vessel Time + Time + A. Cells with a change in their DNA that results in the cell halting the cell cycle. B. Cells with a mutation in a gene that controls the cell cycle and as a result have uncontrolled mitosis. C. Cells with a virus which caused the virus to enter the lytic cycle. D. Cells undergoing the cell cycle but stopping at a checkpoint. | I choose because There is no questaion what caused x? | **Words To Know** | Word | How I can remember It | |---|---| | Checkpoint | | | Tumor | |